Function

Functions tell us how quantities change with

respect to some other quantities.
“NO TWO
Y’S WILL
0 2 BE
1 PAIRED
2 4 WITH THE
SAME X”
 Determining a
function through
a vertical line
test.
At the end of the lesson, students
should be able to:
A. Illustrate the limit of a function using a table of
values and the graph of the function
B. distinguish between x→c𝑓(𝑥) and f(c)
 𝟐
𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙
Limits arise naturally in many areas
of applied and theoretical
mathematics. To find a limit, you
see what the function approaches
as it approaches a certain value.
 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐

x 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 x 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
1.9 3.9 2.1 4.1
1.99 3.99 2.01 4.01
1.999 3.999 2.001 4.001
1.9999 3.9999 2.0001 4.0001
𝒙→𝟐− 𝒙 → 𝟐+
 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = =𝟒
𝒙→𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟑

x 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗 x 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟑 𝒙+𝟑
-3.1 -6.1 -2.9 -5.9
-3.01 -6.01 - 2.99 -5.99
-3.001 -6.001 -2.999 -5.999
-3.0001 -6.0001 -2.9999 -5.9999
𝒙 → −𝟑 − 𝒙 → −𝟑+
 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟑

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = = −𝟔
𝒙→−𝟑 𝒙+𝟑
 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−4

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8
𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟐
𝒙→𝟒 𝑥−4
 𝑥2 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−2
x 2
𝑥 −5 x 𝑥2 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−2 𝑥−2
1.9 13.9 2.1 -5.9
1.99 103.99 2.01 -95.99
1.999 1003.999 2.001 -995.999
1.9999 100003.9999 2.0001 -9995.9999
Let’s try this!
 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟑

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟒−𝒙

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙
 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝒙→−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒙 − 𝟐

𝟑𝒙 + 𝟗 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟐
𝒙→−𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟗 𝒙→−𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔