Theater and Film

Prepared by: Jed A. Tomarong

 Theater
This refers to an art form that involves
performing carefully planned actions and
emotions in front of an audience.
Elements
of
Theater
 1. Performers
These are persons who are onstage and
portray their characters in a convincing way
for the audience.
2. Audience
They are the viewers of the theater.
3. Director
The director serves as an overseer to the
entire production.
4. Performance Space
This refers to the space in which the actors
can perform.
5. Design
This includes visual aspects such as
lighting, set, costumes, and sound.
6. Text
This refers to the script.
 of
Philippin
e Theater
1. Dulang Pahiyang
Theater is part of life.
A. Rituals
It is a way to communicate with gods and
spirits.
B. Duplo
It is a poetic debate.
C. Bayok
It is a Maranao mimetic joust.
D. Balitaw
It is a poetic debate between a man and a
woman.
2. Dulambayan
It is also known as people’s theater because
this is considered as a “theater in the
context of social movements”.
A. Drama Simboliko
This refers to allegorical nationalist drama
which began during the American regime
and was revived during the Marcos regime.
B. Street Theater
This refers to theater that is presented
outside the theater building and without the
stage area.
3. Teatrong Pansimbahan
This type of theater is concerned with
spirituality.
A. Komedya
It is a play in verse that portray the lives of
the saints.
 B. Dapit
This refers to the tradition of fetching the
image of the community’s patron saint.
C. Flores
This is presented in the month of May.
1. Flores de Mayo – festival of flowers in
honor of Mary, mother of Jesus
2. Alay – everyday offering of flowers to the
image of the Virgin
3. Flores de Maria – closing procession on
the last Sunday of May
 D. Hudas
This refers to the burning of the image of
Judas Iscariot, which is popular in Bulacan,
Pampanga, and Cebu.
E. Huling Hapunan
This is an actual supper enacted to
commemorate the last supper of Jesus with His
disciples on the night before His crucifixion.
F. Moriones
This is a short street play portraying the
capture and beheading of Roman soldier
Longinus, who was involved in the
crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
G. Paghuhugas ng Paa
This short ritual reenacts Christ washing
the feet of His disciples before the Last
Supper.
H. Panunuluyan
This is a procession that reenacts Mary and
Joseph’s search for an inn in Bethlehem.
 I. Pastores or
Shepherds’ Dance
This is a reenactment of shepherds
honoring the infant Jesus.
J. Osana
This is a reenactment of the triumphal entry
of Jesus Christ to Jerusalem.
K. Pangangaluluwa
This refers to a tradition involving carolers
who go to each house in the community to
act like souls in purgatory and beg for alms.
L. Siete Palabras
This is the Seven Last Words of Jesus
Christ.
M. Sinakulo
It depicts the life, death, and resurrection of
Jesus Christ.
N. Salubong
This focuses on the meeting of Mary,
mother of Jesus, and Jesus Christ who rose
from the dead.
O. Soledad
This portrays Mary’s grief after burying
Jesus Christ.
P. Tatlong Hari
This is the travel of the Magi to worship the
infant Jesus in Bethlehem.
4. Theater as Art
Theater is viewed as a profession.
A. Bodabil
This is a form of political theater.
Original Plays by
Filipinos
This focuses on social, economic, political,
and cultural issues in the country.
C. Documentary Style
This is to connect historical persons and
events to the present.
 Film
This refers to a sequence of moving pictures,
which is typically shown on television or in a
cinema.
Elements
of Film
A. Time
This is the most significant element of film.
A. 1. Physical Time
This refers to time for an action to take
place as it is being filmed and project on
the screen.
Psychological
Time
This refers to the impression of the
viewer on how long does it take for a
certain action to take place and how he
or she feels when watching that
particular action.
Dramatic
Time
This signifies the timeline of events
portrayed in the film.
B. Space
Film, when projected, has two dimensions.
B. 1. Scale
This aspect indicates the size of the objects
on the screen and how these objects relate
with the area surrounding them.
B. 2. Shooting Angle
This denotes the location or angle from
where the camera records the scene.
B. 3. Lighting
The position of lights can affect how the
illusion of depth is created in the film.
C. Sound
Sound includes background music, theme
melodies, and silence.
Techniqu
es of
Cinema
1. Cutting or Editing
This involves joining one shot with another,
making sure that these two shot are
logically connected.
2. Camera Movement
This is done in order to have a smoother change
of view, to help in gradual growth of emotions,
or to stimulate a familiar experience.
3. Framing
This helps in bringing balance in the film as
it is being viewed.
 Forms
and Types
of Film
1. Aksyon
This mainly uses physical conflict as
emphasis.
2. Animation
It is a film that involves creating
illustrations or inanimate images and
bringing them to life.
3. Bomba
This primarily depicts nudity and sex.
4. Dokyu
It is a motion picture that narrates or
discusses news events.
5. Drama
This refers to a motion picture that dwells
on personal problems and conflicts.
6. Experimental
This type of film attempts to create something
radically innovative or something that is never
done before with the camera.
7. Fantasy
This film depicts scenes in an imaginary
world.
8. Historical
This film shows actual events that occurred
in the past.
9. Horror
This film is shown to bring fear to the
audience.
10. Komedi
The aim of this film is to induce laughter in
the audience.
11. Musical
This is essentially a romantic comedy that
is presented with dances, skits, and songs.
 a
Picture
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