UNIT II

LESSON 3
 Objectives:

1. Plan and organize a speech.

2. Select a topic he can develop into a short speech.
3. Determine where he can gather speech materials
4. Prepare for a short speech with a simple
introduction, interesting body/message, and an
appropriate conclusion.
5. Drill on consonant clusters.
 A Good Speech Is
Organized

“Mend your speech a little lest you

mar your fortunes”
-William Shakespeare
 Choosing a Topic
The speaker must pay attention to the
selection of a topic. The speaker will
be more genuine and sincere in
communicating his ideas and
information if he speaks on a subject
of which he is thoroughly informed or
that he has carefully researched on.
The speaker needs to choose a topic.
A number of techniques can help
us get ideas for our topic.
Reading magazines and newspapers.

Scanning entries in one’s diary or writing a

journal.

Skimming through an encyclopedia.

Interviewing others.

Brainstorming or listing possibilities

without stopping to evaluate each one.
 Gathering a
Speech Materials
3 major sources in gathering a speech
materials:

A. Using personal experiences and observations.

-we gain a great amount of information from observing
carefully the people, places, and events around us.
Observation can be specially helpful in gathering
information for a topic that requires a “how-to” approach.
The ff. guidelines that can improve our
personal observation:

Make a conscious effort to see and not just look.

Put what you observe in words.

Recognize whether anything is different

or unusual.

Take notes while observing.

B. Collecting information from others

-other people can be valuable resources

when we are gathering information for our
speech. There are three ways we can
collect information from others:
 The interview
-a form of communication in which people gain
information by asking questions.

 The survey
-a process by which we obtain information by asking
people questions about a certain issue. This is a widely
used tool for measuring attitudes and opinions. The value of
survey is that it allows us to get an impression of people’s
attitudes very fast.
 The request letter
-if our speech is unusual or specialized in some
ways, we may not have direct access to people who have
information about the topic.
examples:
1.) letter to a political cartoonist inquiring how he began
his drawing career
2.) letter to a government agency requesting for it’s
most recent environmental project
3.) letter to a computer company asking for it’s top-of-the-line
computer models

4.)letter to a college or university asking for it’s new course offering

When writing a request letter, we must allow time for the

recipient to reply, be clear about what information we
need, and help the addressee make the response easier
to send.
C. Using the library or media center
One may need to research or to read about one’s topic. In
researching, one needs to:

1) Confirm facts that he has already discovered

2) Look for new information that gives more meaning to the
speech
3) Provide background for the topic

Today’s library is often called a media center because it holds a wide

variety of information sources. In the library, reference materials may be
in the form of:
a)Books
b)Magazines
c)Electronic databases accessed by the
computer
d)Videotapes or audiotapes
e)Photographs, filmstrips or slides
f) Internet/worldwide web sources
D. Recording the information
As you find the information that you can
use in your speech, there is a need to
record it. One way to do this is to make
note cards where you can copy the
information or a summary of it and it’s
sources.
b. To gain the goodwill of the audience
-goodwill is the audience’s respect or positive feelings for the speakers as
a person.
c. To develop audience interest in the topic of the speech
-interest refers to the involvement or concern the audience shows about
the topic.

2) Suggested techniques for the introduction:

a. Startling statement
-begin the speech with a brief statement that surprises the
audience and thus catches their attention.
Organizing the Body of
the Speech

3 parts of a speech:

A. The introduction
- This brings about the attention and the goodwill of the
audience. It develops the interest in the topic. It can be
as short as few sentences and should usually be no
longer than ten percent of the speech.
1)The introduction serves three major purposes:

a. To get the attention of the audience- attention means

sustained interest.
b. Question
-ask a question. The listeners will listen carefully so they can hear the answers
as the speaker talks.
c. Story
-tell a brief story or anecdote. The listeners, young, or old, are always interested
in stories. Be sure that these are short and relevant.
d. Quotation
-open with quotations that fit the topic.
e. Personal reference
-gives a personal reference to the introduction. This relates the speech topic
directly to the audience’s experience.
f. Audiovisual materials
-use audiovisual materials to support your words of introduction and to add
variety and interest to the speech.
B. The body
- contains the most important ideas that will be presented.

C.The conclusion
- This is the final portion of a speech.

1) The objectives of an effective conclusion are the following:

a. To emphasize the key ideas of speech

b. To intensify the emotions of the audience
2) The following steps are the most effective ways of concluding a
speech:

a. Summary
- A short story restatement of key information. Ending with a summary is
the shortest, easiest, and most informative method of ending the speech.
b. Recommendation
- A short statement that tells the audience the specific behavior you want
them to follow. This is especially effective in a persuasive speech.
c. Stirring ending
- One that helps you to intensify the emotion or feeling that you want the
listener to experience.
The Consonant
Clusters

The consonant clusters are

pronounced as one sound only and
not as independent single sounds.