VOICE COMMUNICATIONS

RADIO TELEPHONY
 GENERAL PROCEDURES
• (1) Radio telephony provides the means by which
by pilots and ground personnel communicate
with each other
• Used properly, the information and instructions
transmitted are of vital importance in assisting in
the safe and expeditious operation of aircraft
• Constraint of time and necessity of accuracy
makes it necessary to use standard phraseology
and procedures.
 GENERAL PROCEDRES
• The use of non-standard phraseology and
procedures can cause misunderstanding.
• Incidents and accidents have occurred in
which a contributing factor has been
misunderstanding caused by use of non-
standard phraseology.
• The importance of using standard phraseology
cannot be over-emphasised
 GENERAL PROCEDURES
(2) Transmitting Techniques
• Before transmitting ensure that the receiver
volume is set at the optimum level and listen out
on the frequency used to avoid interference with
a transmission from another station
• Be familiar with microphone operating
techniques, do not turn your head away from it
while talking or vary the distance between it and
your mouth.
 GENERAL PROCEDURES
Severe distortion of speech may arise from;
• Talking too close to the microphone and touching
microphone with lips
• Use normal conversation tone, speak clearly and
distinctly
• Maintain even rate of speech not exceeding
100wpm
• When it is known that elements of the message
will be written down by the recipients, speak at a
slightly slower rate
 GENERAL PROCEDURES
• Maintain the speaking volume at constant level
• A slight pause before and after numbers will
assist in making easier to understand.
• Avoid using hesitation sounds like er, ah
• Avoid excessive use of courtesies and entering
into non-operational conversations.
• Depress the transmit switch fully before speaking
and do not release it until the message is
complete.
 GENERAL PROCEDRES
• Be aware that the mother tongue of the recipient may
not be English, therefore speak clearly and use
standard RT words and phrases wherever possible.
• Messages should not contain more than three specific
phrases comprising clearance, instruction or pertinent
information these should be transmitted and
acknowledged singly.
• After a call has been made a period of at least 10
seconds should elapse before a second call is made to
eliminate transmissions while the receiving station is
getting ready to reply to the initial call
 PHONETIC ALPHABET
• Due to difficulties caused by mother tongue
effect on pronunciation and similar sounding
words a phonetic alphabet has been
developed to assist in spelling individual
letters of the confusing words
 PHONETIC ALPHABET
• A – Alpha AL FAH
• B – Bravo BRAH VOH
• C – Charlie CHAR LEE
• D – Delta DELL TAH
• E – Echo ECK OH
• F – Foxtrot FOKS TROT
• G – Golf GOLF
 PHONETIC ALPHABET
• H – Hotel HO TELL
• I – India IN DEE AH
• J – Juliett JEW LEE ETT
• K – Kilo KEY LOH
• L – Lima LEE MAH
• M – Mike MIKE
• N – November NO VEM BER
 PHONETIC ALPHABET
• O – Oscar OSS CAH
• P – Papa PAH PAH
• Q – Quebec KEH BECK
• R – Romeo ROW ME OH
• S – Sierra SEE AIR RAH
• T – Tango TANG GO
• U – Uniform YOU KNEE FORM
 PHONETIC ALPHABET
• V – Victor VIK TAH
• W – Whisky WISS KEY
• X – X- ray EKS RAY
• Y – Yankee YANG KEY
• Z – Zulu ZOO LOO
 NUMBERS
• 0 - ZE RO
• 1 - WUN
• 2 - TOO
• 3 – TREE
• 4 – FOW er
• 5 – FIFE
• 6 - SIX
 NUMBERS
• 7 – SEV en
• 8 – AIT
• 9 – NIN er
• Decimal – DAY-SEE-MAL
• Hundred – HUN-dred
• Thousand – TOU-SAND
 NUMBERS
ALTITUDE
• 800 – AIT HUNDRED
• 3,400 – TREE TOUSAND FOWER HUNDRED
• 12,000 – WUN TOO TOUSAND
CLOUD HEIGHT
• 22OO – TOO TOUSAND TOO HUNDRED
• 4300 – FOWER TOUSAND TREE HUNDRED
 NUMBERS
VISIBILITY
• 1000 – VISIBILITY ONE TOUSAND
• 500 – VISIBILITY FIFE HUNDRED
RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE
• 600 – RVR SIX HUNDRED
• 1800 – RVR WUN TOUSAND AIT
HUNDRED
 NUMBERS
MIXED NUMBERS
• 1043 – WUN ZERO FOWER TREE
• 19340 – WUN NINER TOUSAND TREE FOWER
• ZERO
ALTIMETER SETTING
• 1012.5 – QNH WUN ZERO WUN TOO DAY SEE
MAL FIFE
• 1009.2 – QFE WUN ZERO ZERO NINER DAY
SEE MAL TOO
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• To ensure common understanding in
RTF communications the following
words and phrases shall be used as
appropriate and shall have the
meaning ascribed herein
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• ACKNOWLEDGE – Let me know that you have
received and understood the message
• AFFIRM – Yes
• APPROVED – Permission fo proposed action
granted
• BREAK – I hereby indicate the separation
between two messages to the same person
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• BREAK BREAK – I hereby indicate the
separation between messages transmitted to
different aircraft in a busy environment
• CANCEL – Annul the previously transmitted
message
• CHECK – Examine a system or procedure
• CLEARED – Authorized to proceed under the
conditions specified
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• CONFIRM – I request verification of clearance,
instruction or information
• CONTACT - Establish communication with
(name of station and frequency)
• CORRECT – True or accurate
• CORRECTION – An error has been made in this
transmission or message the correct version is
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• DISREGARD – Ignore
• GO AHEAD – Proceed with your message
• HOW DO YOU READ – What is the readability of
my transmission
• I SAY AGAIN – I repeat for clarity or emphasis
• MAINTAIN – Continue in accordance with current
instructions level, heading etc
• MONITOR – Listen out on (frequency)
• NEGATIVE – No or permission not granted, or
that is not correct or not capable.
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• OVER – My transmission is ended and I expect a
response from you
• OUT – This exchange of transmission is ended
and no response is expected
• READ BACK – Repeat all or specified part of this
message exactly as received
• RECLEARED – A change has been made to your
last clearance and this new clearance supersedes
your previous clearance or part thereof.
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• REPORT – Pass me the following information.
• REQUEST – I would like to know or I wish to
obtain.
• ROGER – I have received all of your last
transmission.
• SAY AGAIN – Repeat all or the following part
of your last transmission.
• SPEAK SLOWER - reduce your speech rate.
 SPECIAL PHRASES AND WORDS
• STAND BY – I am busy wait I will call you
• UNABLE – I cannot comply with your request,
instruction or clearance.
• WILCO – I understand your message and will
comply with it
• WORDS TWICE – Communication is difficult
please send every word or group of words
twice
 COMPOSITION OF MESSAGES
• Messages handled by the aeronautical mobile
service shall comprise the following parts in
the order stated;
• (a) Call sign of the station being addressed
followed by the call sign of the station calling
• (b)Text or message
• Example; DAR TOWER TANZANIA FIFE WUN
WUN REQUEST TAXI INSTRUCTIONS
 COMPOSITION OF MESSAGES
• TANZANIA FIFE WUN WUN DAR TOWER TAXI
TO THE HOLDING POINT RWY ZERO FIFE VIA
TWY PAPA AND UNIFORM
 RTF CALLSIGNS FOR AERONAUTICAL
STATIONS
CIVIL AIRCRAFT
• Registration Marks eg. 5H-MNT ET-AFK
• Airline RTF call sign plus service number eg.
TANZANIA 101
• Airline RTF call sign plus last 3 or 4 last letters
of the registration marks TANZANIA- MNT,
AMERICAN - 994G
• Special RTF call signs plus service number
Speedbird 068, Springbok 188
 RTF CALL SIGNS
• MILITARY AIRCRAFT
• From mission numbers T4G22A
• Formation call signs BLACK CAT
• Fleet type and registration sequence
number eg. LYNX 03
 AERONAUTICAL STATIONS
Comprises
• Name of location
• Unit or service available
• Example Mwanza, Approach Mtwara
Tower etc.
 AERONAUTICAL STATIONS
Unit/service available Call sign suffix
Area control centre CONTROL
Approach control APPROACH
procedural
Approach control Radar RADAR
general
Approach control radar ARRIVAL
arrival
Approach control radar DEPARTURE
departure
 AERONAUTICAL STATIONS
Unit/service available Call sign suffix
Company Dispatch DISPATCH/OPERATIONS
Aeronautical station RADIO
Direction finding HOMER
station
Aerodrome control unit TOWER
Surface movement GROUND
control
 AERONAUTICAL STATIONS
Flight information INFORMATION
service
Clearance delivery DELIVERY
Apron control APRON
Precision Approach PRECISION
Radar
 READABILITY SCALE
Readability Strength Meaning
1 UNREADABLE
2 READABLE NOW AND
THEN
3 READABLE BUT WITH
DIFFICULTY
4 READABLE
5 PERFECTLY READABLE