KAI 1043

PLAY AS PEDAGOGY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

PLAY IN 1 –2 YEARS
 • KUMPULAN 3
• SITI HAJAR BINTI MOHD NASIR E20091000260
• MARIATI BINTI JOHARI E20091000301
• NOOR ELIANA BT MOHAMAD E20091000285
• LEE KING PING E20091000484
• NURLIYANA BINTI AHAMAD E20091000286
• SITI FARIZAH BINTI ABU BAKAR E20091000303
• MUNIRA BINTI MOHAMED ZAWAI E20091000230
• SITI NURUL ‘ATIQAH BINTI ABDULLAH E20091000227
• HAZIQ BIN ZAKARIAH E20091000310
• MOHAMAD RAIZ BIN ISHAK E20091000307
 DEFINITION OF PLAY
• A dynamic, active and constructive behavior-
is a necessary and integral part of childhood,
infancy through adolescence.(Association for
Childhood Education International (ACEI),
Isenberg and Quisenberry (1988).
GROWTH AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC

• Grows at a considerably slower rate during

this period
• Height and weight increases approximately
• Breathes at rate of 22 to 30 respirations per
minute
• Heart rate (pulse) is approximately 80 to 110
beats per minute.
• Head size increases slowly
 DEFINITION OF TODDLER
• A toddler is a young child who is of the age of
learning to walk between infancy and
childhood. Toddling usually begins between
the ages of 12 and 18 months. During the
toddlers stage, the child also learns a great
deal about social roles, develops motor skills,
and first starts to use language.
• Assumes a more erect posture
• Respirations are slow and regular
• Body temperature continues to fluctuate
with activity, emotional state, and
environment
• Brain reaches about 80 percent of its adult
size
 MOVEMENT MILESTONE
- Learns to walk unsupported
- Walks, stops, and turns
- May be able to run, although may have
difficulty slowing down to go round corners
- Can squat to pick up something and return to
standing position
- Carries something in his hand while walking;
may carry two items, one in each hand
- Climbs safely onto a chair
 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
• Crawls skillfully and quickly
• Stands alone with feet spread a parts, legs
stiffened, and arms extended for support
• Gets to feet unaided
• Enjoy pushing or pulling toys while walking
• Sits in small chair
• Carries toys from place to place
• Enjoys crayons and markers for scribbling :
use whole arm movement
• Help feed self
• Help turns pages
• Coordinated actions with the hands(a
practical tool infants in many cultures need
to use is the spoon)
• Runs with greater confidence
• Squats for long periods while playing
• Balances on one foot
• Unbuttons large buttons
• Holds cup or glass in one hand
• Climbs up on chair, turns around and sits dow
n
• Uses feet to propel wheeled riding toys
 HAND AND FINGER MILESTONE
- self-feeds with a spoon
- Graduates from a feeder cup to a normal cup
- Throws an object, even if not in a straight line
- Can use his finger to point at something he
wants
- Tends to use both hands equally
- May try to carry two items, one in each hand
- Rotates wrist to unscrew an item
 PERCEPTUAL-COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• Enjoy object-hiding activities

• Passes toy to other hand when offered a
second object
• Puts toys in mouth less often
• Enjoys looking at picture books
• Demonstrates understanding of functional
relationships(object that belong together)
• Follows simple requests and directions
• Stares for long moment
• Engages in self-selected activities for longer
periods
• Shows discovery of cause and effect
• Names object in picture books
• Recognizes and expresses pain and its
location
 INTELLECTUAL MILESTONE
- Remembers simple events that occur
regularly
- Will enjoy looking at books both with you
and on his own
- Begins to understand the concept of
possession
 SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

• Follows simple directions. “give Daddy the

cup”
• Enjoys ryhmes and songs
• Uses gesture
• Responds to simple questions with “yes” or “
no” and appropriate head movement
• Enjoys being read to if allowed to participate
• Realizes that language is effective for getting
others to respond to needs and preferences
• Asks repeatedly, “what is that?”
• Produces speech that is as much as 65 to 70
percent intelligible
 LANGUAGE MILESTONE
- Talks about what he is seeing and learning
- Progresses from single words to two-word
utterances
- Vocabulary extends to include up to 200
words
- Responds verbally to questions you ask
PERSONAL-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Help pick up and put away toys
• Plays alone for short periods
• Imitates adult actions in play
• Recognizes self in mirror
• Begins to assert independence
• Enjoys adult attention
• Shows signs of empathy and caring
• Expresses frustration through temper tantru
ms
• Finds it difficult to wait or take turns
• Watches and imitates the play of other
children but seldom joins in.
 SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL MILESTONE
- learns to be happily apart from you for
longer periods
- Plays alongside another child
- Likes to watch what other children are doing
and imitate them, especially if the children
are older
- May help you with simple tasks
- Understands what annoys and what pleases
you
TYPES OF INFANT PLAY
 Three forms of infant play
VIDEO
SENSORIMOTOR OR PRACTICE PLAY

PLAY WITH OBJECTS

SYMBOLIC OR MAKE-BELIEVE
VIDEO PLAY
 Sensorimotor or practice play
• Begins with the infant’s accidental discovery
of an activity that is inherently satisfying and
consists of the continuous repetition of that
activity for the sheer joy of doing it.
• The developmental transitions in
sensorimotor play are nicely illustrated by the
behaviors that Piaget called circular reactions,
which appear in three increasingly
sophisticated forms.
-Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months)
-Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8
months)
-Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18
months)
 Tertiary circular reactions
• The repetition of the previous stage is
accompanied by an attempt to vary the
activity instead of repeating it precisely.
• The playful element in this type of circular
reaction is very clear, as the child appears to
enjoy novelty and actively looks for new
ways of producing interesting experiences.
 Plays with objects
• Involves the intentional manipulation of
objects, with a definite interest on the part of
the player in the results of the manipulation.
 Appropriate Toys for the 1-2 Years of Life
AGE PLAY MATERIALS
12-18 months Push toys ; pull toys ; balls to throw ; plain
and interlocking blocks ; simple puzzles
with large, easy-to-handle pieces ; form
boards ; pegboards ; stacking toys ; and
riding toys with wheels low to the ground.
18-24 months Toys for the sandbox and for water play :
spoons, shovels, and pails of various sizes.
Storybooks, blocks in a variety of sizes,
dolls, stuffed animals, puppets and
miniature life toys.
 One year
• Babies in the latter part of their first year
love banging and manipulating object.
• Particularly enjoy putting things into one
another and taking them out again.
• They know how to turn the pages of a book
 Two year
1.Decline in behaviors
involving only one object
at a time

3.Dramatic
2.Do with the
increase in the
appropriate uses
representational
of playthings
use of object
• By the age of 12-13 months parents will
notice the combining of object in play.
• Children now begin to realize the functions of
objects.
• There are three types of behaviors that are
found in infant object play which are
indiscriminate, investigative and appropriate.
• Characterized by the mental substitution of
one object for another (Fenson,1986).
 Indiscriminate
• behaviors are those in which the child reacts
to all objects in the same way, regardless of
their individual properties.
• For example, steven is given a toy telephone
and immediately puts the receiver into his
mouth and begins to suck on it.

VIDEO
 Investigative
• The exploration of the specific features of
objects.
• For example, stephanie is given a toy
telephone and examines it carefully, looking
at it from different angles and fingering its
varies parts.

video
 Appropriate
• The use of objects in the ways they were
intended to be used.
• For example, todd is given a toy telephone,
holds the receiver to his ear, and begins to
dial with his finger.

Video
 Symbolic or make-believe play
• A new type of play emerge.
• Represent reality to themselves through the
use of symbols to let one thing stand for
another.
• Can be seen in the child’s use of words.
• In fact, a growing body of evidence indicates
a relationship between pretend play
competence and the comprehension of
language during the second year, perhaps
because both involve the ability to work with
symbols. ( Lupton & Watson, 2000)
PLAY WITH
ADULTS
Approaches that optimize adult-infant play

1. Being sensitive to children’s cues :

- Being able to correctly assess a child’s
intentions and abilities
- Correctly reading a child’s response
- Knowing how and when a child needs
direction and an adult should intervene
- Simply imitating the child’s behavior and then
expanding on it
2. Maintaining a playful and available attitude :
- Showing an enthusiastic approach to play
- Smiling and laughing during play
- Make a frequent eye contact
- Making playful facial gestures
3. Making an effort to keep children at an optimal
arousal level :
• Keep a child from being bored or overly exited
• Initiating rousing physical play
• Offering a new toy when a child is tiring of the
current one

4. Being willing to engage in social games with

infants and toddlers :
• Playing games, such as peek-a-boo
 Benefit of infant-parent play
• - To adapt the play activities to the immediate
needs of the children by varying their own activities.
• - Encourages the infant to explore its surroundings.
• - Causes the infant to attend more closely to the
social aspects of language.
• - Exposes the infant to intense social interaction with
its parents.
• - Provides the infant with a feeling of control over its
environment.
Mother-father difference in play with infants
and toddlers
• Emphasis of the parents change from physical to make-
believe play (Power, 1985; Stevenson et al., 1998).
• Father engage in more rousing physical play, defined as
rough-and-tumble activities and run-and-chase types of
games, than mother (Hewlett, 2003; Macdonald & Parke,
1986; Parke & Tinsley, 1987; Stevenson et al., 1988; tamis-
LeMonda, 2004).
• Father likely to lift their babies like, bounce them, and
move their arms and legs, while mother likely offer toys
or to play conventional games such as pat-a-cake or peek-
a-boo (Power & Parke, 1982; Yogman, 1980).
• Hewlett suggests that fathers typically have
less time than mother to play with their
babies and so their play must strongly
arousing and attention getting.
• (Lamb, 2004), mother seem more closely
attuned to their infants’ interests and more
likely than father to follow a child’s lead
 Parents versus siblings as playmates
• Parents stimulate their babies to develop new skill
while siblings help them consolidate those skills
that have been learned (Dunn, 1983).
• Sibling is the primary playmate for the infants and
toddlers, while the mother’s role is to watch, to
nurture and protect, and to teach but to intervene
in play only if necessary (Edward & Whiting, 1993).
• Simply watching an older siblings seems to bring
about imitation of certain form of play.
PEER PLAY
• In the olden daysPeer Playand queens (in
of kings
England), peers were nobleman , aristocrats,
lords, titled men and patricians. The English
term “peer” refers to "one that is of equal
standing with another; one belonging to the
same societal group especially based on age,
grade or status".
• In modern times, the term has come to mean
fellow, equal, like, co-equal or match
according to the dictionary of synonyms
(Oxford Thesaurus).
 Communication with peers
• observed babies ranging in age from 5 to 14
weeks in three social setting:
1. the children were alone.
2. while they watched their .
3. the children were seated on their mothers’
lap and facing another infant of the same
age.
Alan Fogel (1979)
The social gestures
• first year -are limited in two important ways:
1. A very short duration, although the time
spent on social gestures will increase
throughout the first two years of life.
2. relatively simple at first, in the sense that
they consist of only one or two behaviors at
a time .
• second year
• simple behaviors are eventually combined
into more complex patterns
• social interaction becomes more controlled
and more predictable.

(Brownell, 1986; Hay, Pederson & Nash, 1982)

• children seem to pay attention and possible
understand the wishes, intentions, and
perceptions of others people.
• can even take account of the intentions and goals
of others in government their owns behaviors.
(brooks & Meltzoff, 2002; Brownell et al., 2006;
Carpenter, call, & Tomasello, 2005; Dunphy-Lelii
&wellman,2004; Wellman, Phillips, &spelke,
2002).
• A 1 year-old will infer the intentions of
another person from a limited number of
very obvious actions,
• while a 2 –year-old will infer intention from
a broader and more subtle range of action
(Poulin - Dubois & Forbes,2002)
• Social understanding .
1 years
-show their toys to one another
-invite peer to play with them
-protest a playmates action
-general communicate their feeling effectively
to one another.
(Warneken & Tomasello, 2007)
 Early Forms of Cooperation
• A child must understand the goals and intention
of another person when cooperative play occur
and must share in a coordinated play activity .
• Children play cooperatively with an adult by the
end of first years because adult scaffolds or
structures, the interaction.
• Toddlers begin engage in complementary and
reciprocal play by the age of 18 months.
( Howes, 1988)
• From the ages 1 to 3 years , discovered that
such activities increase significantly.
• 1 year old
-skilled at reciprocal and complementary
play
• 2 year old
-skilled at social pretend play.

video
LET’S PLAY!!
Physical Development
 Painting a picture
Advantages:
-Refine eye-hand coordination
- Practice motor coordination skills

Disadvantages:
- The child is more interested in manipulating the tools than listening to the
instruction given by the teacher
-The paints spills on the child’s clothes

Effect:
- The child’s fine motor skills are improving. The child’s ability to pick up and
examine toys and other objects has improved. The child is beginning to gain
control of tools such as a spoon, paintbrush, etc.

Suggestion:
Video
- Give simple instruction
- Never force a child to wear a smock
 Climbing the stairs
Advantages:
- Practice walking up stairs
- Practice walking down stairs

Disadvantages:
- Some can’t balance their body while walking up or walking down that may
lead them to fall

Effect:
- Their mobility improved

Suggestion:
- Parents should provide lots support and assistance
video
 Scooping sand
Advantages:
- The child experience rough textures
- Refine fine muscle skills

Effect:
- Encourage relaxation by the release of tension

Suggestion:
- Take care of toddler while they are playing because they
might put sand into their mouth.
video
 Jump, Frog, Jump
Advantages:
- Practice jumping
- Improve balance skills

Effect:
- Large motor skills are continuing to develop. Improved balance skills
and whole body coordination skills lead to the ability to jump in
place

Suggestion:
- Jump from wide and safe location
video
 A balancing act
Advantages:
- Improve eye-foot coordination skills
- Practice balancing skills
Disadvantages:
- Fall down
Effect:
- The child will often take a few rapid steps to maintain balance.
However, they cannot run with ease because they are still
having difficulty balancing themselves
Suggestion:
- Provide support and assistance
- Provide plenty of open space indoor and outdoors because
children spend much of their time practicing their locomotion
skills
video
 Pulling a wagon
Advantages:
- Improve eye-foot coordination skills
- Strengthen large muscles

Disadvantages:
- The toddlers often turn too sharply and dump the contents of the wagon

Effect:
- Toddlers are becoming increasingly independent.
- Pulling wagons help build the child’s strength and endurance

Suggestion:
- Carefully observe toddlers to prevent potential accidents
video
Social Development
 “Ring around the Rosie”
Advantages:
- Toddler can interact with an adult
- Participate in a small-group activity

Effect:
- Toddlers are becoming interested in interacting with others
around them

Suggestion:
- Be by their side when they engaging with the adult to give them
support in order to rise up their confident
video
 Guessing game
Advantages:
- Toddler engage a game with an adult
- Participate in a verbal conversation

Disadvantages:
- The toddler easily get bored

Effect:
- The toddlers enjoy sociability. They enjoying the game and
receiving applause from adults for their attempts as well as
accomplishments

Suggestion:
- Encourage the toddler to put an item in the sock for the parents to
guess
 Imitating me
Advantages:
- Imitate an adult’s behavior
- Experience participating in a small-group activity

Effect:
- A child is learning about human relationships and the value of the
society through social interaction with other people.

Suggestion:
- Teacher and parents is the best model in developing good behaviors
for social development
video
 Boogie dancing
Advantages:
- Participate in an activity with at least one other child
- Engage in parallel play

Disadvantage:
- Children unable to ryhthmically move their bodies

Effect:
- Music is noted for promoting listening, language, and coordination skill

Suggestions:
- Encourage the toddlers to dance often and experiment with various
movements
- Repeat the activity when toddlers dancing spontaneously to music
 “Old MacDonald”
Advantages:
- Interact with another person
- Suggest an animal for the song

Effect:
- Toddlers are becoming interested in classifying people as males and
females that can engage in the same behavior

Suggestion:
- Cut animal shapes out of felt for the toddlers to place on a flannel
board
video
 Nature walk
Advantages:
- Explore the physical development
- A walk to enjoy the nature

Disadvantages:
- Toddlers typically lack judgement concerning safety hazard
- Toddlers can tire easily

Effect:
- Toddlers use their senses in an effort to understand their world
- They enjoy taking walks because of their curiousity by nature

Suggestion:
- Give careful supervision in order to avoid any unwanted accident
- Do continuosly exercised on walk video
Emotional Development
 “If you’re happy”
Advantages:
- Connect labels of emotions with social behaviors
- Labels emotions

Effect:
- Toddlers learn that one emotion can result in several social
behaviors

Suggestion:
- Help the toddlers connect the emotion’s label to the social behavior
by tutoring. It involves describing the child’s emotional expressions
 Painting the playground
Advantages:
- Express enjoyment during an activity
- Experience a sense of satisfaction

Effect:
- Creating developmentally appropriate experiences help
toddlers view themselves as being competent individuals

Suggestion:
- Providing brushes of different sizes may result in
experimentation
 Brushing teeth
Advantages:
- Practice self-help skills
- Develop healthy living habits and skills

Effect:
- Prevent tooth decay

Suggestion:
- Encourage the child to brush their teeth after meals or bottles
- Until the toddler is able to stand unassisted, parents should help
them to do the brushing
video
 Catching Bubbles
Advantage:
- Associate emotions with behaviors
- Express emotions such as excitement
Disadvantage:
- Can be danger to toddler when the place getting wet.
Effect:
- The beginnings of self-control emerge after the first birthday. At this time, children
are aware that they must react to other people’s demand. By two years of age, they
have internalized some self-control. To illustrate, if the toddler is told not to touch
something, the child may inhibit the desire. At this stage, the child may remember
being told not to touch it. However, close supervision is always necessary because of
lapses in memory and recall as well as the excitement of the moment.
Suggestion:
- Play at outdoor and suitable place for toddlers.

video
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION
 Head and Shoulders
• Advantage:
• - Increase receptive language skills
• -Promote self-expression through spoken language

• Disadvantage:
- don’t take a long period just to make sure that child are not confused

•
• Effect:
- Most children start linking words to meaning by their first birthday. At this point, they
build their vocabulary slowly. When they are about 18 months of age, the rate of
acquiring words explode

• Suggestion:
• - When singing the song and modeling, the actions, go very slowly, allowing the toddler
to successfully participate.
• - Increase the pace when the toddler is ready.
video
 Animal sounds
Advantage:
- Continue developing receptive language skills
- Verbally identify animals
Disadvantage:
- If not use the word in full sentences, the language skills of toddlers in
terms of vocabulary is weak.
Effect:
- Repeating children’s utterances is an important technique for promoting
language development
Suggestion:
- When you repeat an utterance, you are assuring them that they are
understood. To illustrate, if the child says “car” recast this word into a full
sentence.
 Cleaning up after snack
Advantage:
- Child will follow the simple directions
- Continue developing receptive language skills
Disadvantage:
- Child cannot follow the simple direction if the word using is hard to understand.
Effect:
- Many of toddlers words are over generalized. They may identify any four-legged
animal such as a cow or horse, as a being a dog. Initially. Toddlers begin by having
only one or two meanings for a word. Gradually, over a period of years, children
add new meanings to words. Eventually, their definitions will correspond to an
adult’s definition.
Suggestion:
- Keep your commands as simple and direct as possible.
- Young toddlers should be able to follow two to three simple directions given at the
same time. However, if a toddler has a difficulty doing this, provide only one
instruction at a time. Slowly build up to two or three direction at once. video
 Puppet Show

Advantage:
- Talk through a puppet
- Practice expressive language skills
Disadvantage:
- Will not pay attention for their parents because too addicted of puppets
Effect:
- Puppets are wonderful tools for promoting language development.
Puppets are beneficial for gaining children’s attention and adding
novelty.
- Puppets can be valuable tools for expressing emotions.
Suggestion:
-encourage them to play puppets in group.
video
 Acting like animals
Advantage:
- Can recognize what names and types of animals
- Can learns and makes animal sounds
Effect:
- Engaging in creative drama fosters the development of cognitive,
imaginative, and language skills. Moreover, imitating animals in this
activity involves the production of sounds, resulting in the children
exercising and strengthening muscles in the tongue, mouth, and vocal
chords.
Suggestion:
- When be acting like animals, be sure to crawl on the floor.
- Children at this age need props to help them be pretend; hence, the
ears will contribute to the success of this activity.
video
 Listening to a Story
Advantage:
- Improve receptive language skills
- Practice reading along with a book
Disadvantage:
- Children will bored
- Children will be a passive person
Effect:
- When reading to a child, respond to any vocalization that are made. Greet
the child’s language with a smile or nod or verbally acknowledge it by
expending the child’s words into a sentences. The strategies will reinforce
the value of language as well as encourage the child to repeat the words.
Suggestion:
- Teacher tells the story and at the same time, teacher ask what the story is
about.
- Give chance for children explores the books
- Prepared interesting books includes color and bigger picture.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
 Tasting Bread
Advantage:
- Use the sensory stimulation to distinguish between objects by texture
- Can compare and contrast objects
Effect:
- Tasting experiences are important because young children learn
through their sense- feeling, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. By
observing and tasting the breads, children learn the color, texture,
smell, feel, and taste of each. Moreover, you can assist in the
development of cognitive skills such as comparing and contrasting by
asking questions.
Suggestion:
- Lines up the breads with different taste, texture and smell
 Making Play Dough
Advantage:
- Toddlers can observe transformations
- Toddlers will discuss similarities and differences
Disadvantage:
- Play dough will attracts toddlers to put in their mouth
- Can be danger to toddlers when use bad quality of dough
Effect:
- Most toddler enjoy the tactile appeal and the response to touch. Typical
behaviors include pushing, pulling, sequezzing, and rolling. Observe them
during this process. When they are ready, provide them with tools such as small
rolling pins and cookie cutters to use with the play dough.
Suggestion:
- Play dough is a typically is a messy activity. Control the mess by placing the high
chair on a vinly tablecloth and having damp towels available to wash the child’s
hand
- Give dough that makes by teachers. It must be completely safe to the toddler.
video
 Sink or Float?
Advantage:
- Understand the terms sink or float
- Create and test hypothesis
Effect:
- Children at this age are anxious to explore their world using a hand-on
approach. By exploring, they construct knowledge. Provide them a
stimulating environment containing hands-on materials. When playing
with the materials, they will observe and solve problems. Hence,
complex science concepts can be introduced through simple activities
such as sink or float.
Suggestion:
- If the toddlers are more interested in just playing in the water,
encourage this behavior by removing the sink and float items.
video
 Sorting Shapes
Advantage:
- Differentiate objects by shape
- Match individual shapes to form and the sorter
Effect:
- At this stage of development, children may begin
understanding positions in space.
Suggestion:
- Encourage the child by introducing and using words
referring to spital relationship. Refer to see the
Highlighting Development box for this activity.
video
 Making Pudding
Advantage:
- Observe the transformations
- Follow the simple direction
Effect:
- Engaging children in cooking experiences teaches important
development skills. Included are basic contact such as colors, shape,
size, and number. Critical thinking skills are learned by exploring
similarities and differences. In additions, children learn about
transformation when observing the outcome of mixing dry and liquid
ingredients.
Suggestion:
- Toddlers are developing independence. You can foster this trait by
introducing simple cooking activities. Preparing snack also seems to be
a successful technique for encouraging picky eaters to sample different
foods. video
 REFERENCES
1) Alan Fogel (2001), Infancy Infant, Family and Society,
Fourth Edition, Wadsworth. United States of America.
2) Dr. Carol Cooper (2003), Johnson’s Mother and Baby,
Toppan Printing CO. Hong Kong.
3) Fergus P. Hughes (2010), Children, Play and Development,
Fourth Edition, SAGE Publication. United States of America.
4) Jan P. Piek (2006), Infant Motor Development, Human
Kinetic. United Kingdom.
5) Judy Herr. Terri Swim (2002), Creative Resources for Infants
and Toddlers, Second Edition, Thomson Delmar. United
States of America.
6) Laura E. Berk (2005), Infants and Children,
Fifth Edition, Pearson Education. US.
7) Laura E. Berk (2008), Infants, Children and
Adolsents, Sixth Edition, Pearson International
Edition. United States of America.
8) Peter H. Kahn, Jr., and Stephen R. Kellert
(2002), Children and Nature, Sabon by SNP
Best-Set Typesetter Ltd. Hong Kong.
9) Sue Martin and Jennifer Berke (2007), See
How They Grow : Infants and Toddlers,
Delmar Learning. United States of America.
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sUUYdbL
U7I
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XsduHdjc
P8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JkYlNHfw
qM
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3YuBXiS
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Jl8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjLfdAKTrq
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoOuLeJA
RUo&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QO7BFMt
FJik&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEnV1A99
CMg&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIn7ZBLho
to&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VluNt8j5X
b8&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnIDrPOIx
Lc

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIJxF87iab
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYQr6zAzIc
0
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZyWVi_6d
ojo
THE END!!!!!.....