PREPARED BY:

Ambar Laad B19005

Sneha Bahety B19051
Veni Gupta B19058
Vivitsa Upasti B19059
SYRIAN WAR: EXPLAINED
There is a civil war in Syria because conflict broke out in 2011
after a forceful crackdown on peaceful student protests against
the government of Bashar al-Assad.

Young people took to the streets in Syria’s southern city, Daraa, in March
2011, seeking government reforms. The movement was part of the social
media-fueled Arab Spring that swept through the Middle East and North
Africa.

As protests spread through Syria, they were countered by strong government

crackdowns and increasing violence from both government forces and
protesters. By the following year, Syria was embroiled in a civil war,
 Syrian
 Bashar Al Assad
STAKEHOLDERS President
Bashar al-
Assad
inherited
power in July
2000, a
month after
his father,
military
strongman
Hafez al-
Assad died.
But
 Iran since March
2011, his rule
over Syria
Russia The US
has been
Russia has long supported Assad’s Donald Trump claimed that he was under threat,
government. According to one scholar, “committed” to defeating IS, which still had with the
Russia helped build the modern Syrian a small presence in Syria at the time. country
military, and Assad is one of Russian President Simultaneously, his administration pledged to beset by
Vladimir Putin's strongest allies in the Middle pull out of Syria, with Trump criticising his violence
East. Russia has often blocked meaningful predecessors for taking military action in the
international action on Syria by vetoing first place. One of Assad's key allies is Iran. Iran needs Syria to
proposals in the U.N. Security Council, and Trump ordered limited strikes on Syria in April move its weapons and proxy militias across the
Moscow changed the course of the war in 2017 Middle East. So when Assad seemed threatened,
Assad's favor by beginning a military Iran stepped in to support him.
intervention in 2015.
 SYRIAN REFUGEES
Where are they staying?
• Turkey-90% of the refugees are living in
Turkey outside of the camps with limited
access to basic services.
• Lebanon- About one sixth of the Lebanon’s •
population is built up by Syrians. They live
in primitive conditions in informal tents
• Egypt-About 130,000 Syrian Refugees live
in Egypt.
• Jordan-About 6,70,000 of the refugees
are in Jordan where they live in cities
converted out of desert wastes
Iraq-About 2,50,000 of refugees live in
Kurdistan region where millions of Iraqis
have fled to join ISIS. Although many
refugees have made communities, but the
newcomers bring stress.
Issues Faced:


Child marriage and abuse
Malnutrition and diseases
 Child Soldier and Child labor
 Sexual abuse and human trafficking
 Violation of human rights
 Lack of educational opportunities
 Lack of proper living conditions
\
 TIMELINE
July-August –
March – March – A tragic June – Nearly half The battle for Nearly 60 per cent
Beginning of milestone: one of Syria’s 22 million Aleppo, Syria’s of Syrian refugee
unrest in Syria. million Syrian population is largest city, households in
refugees estimated to displaced thousands. Lebanon now live in
May – Syrian
families begin to registered with be affected by the UNHCR provides extreme
flee their homes. UNHCR. conflict and in need shelter & basic items poverty (under
In Turkey, the first of immediate like blankets to US$2.87 per person
refugee camps humanitarian aid. those left out on the per day)
open. streets.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017 2018

January – UN Refugee Chief

December – Filippo Grandi heads to Syria.
The number of April - US President Donald
Syrians Trump orders a missile attack
seeking refuge
on an airbase
in other
August – UNHCR and
countries reac
partners open Jordan’s first job
hes half a
centre for Syrians in Za’atari, the
million.
country’s largest refugee camp.
IMPACT ON HOST COUNTRIES

More than 1.7million

people have registered as
refugees since March 2011
Majority of the refugees
have ended up in thre
countries: Lebanon, Jordan
and Turkey
IMPACT ON HOST COUNTRIES
Lebanon
• One in 5 people are refugees
• Though initially welcoming, the
people have become increasingly
frustrated
• Syrians agree to work for cheap,
and hence are stealing their jobs
• Special attention is paid to Syrian
students in school, as they have
missed out on a lot of classes. This
makes the Lebanon students feel
left out.
• Lebanese have been evicted as
Syrians, who stay together in
larger numbers are able to afford
rents the Lebanese cannot
• Syrians are not as well off,
meaning increase in poverty in the
country
Turkey
• Instead of forcing refugees
to stay in camps, they have
allowed them freedom of
movement
• Hatay, where most of the
refugees are, has close tie
ups with Syria
• They plan to take case of
the refugees through their
Jordan own budget, without
asking for aid
• The willingness of the Syrians to
work for less has resulted in
them getting jobs means for
Jordans
• Lack of job would mean lack of
money for dowries
• People in Jordan are not as
appreciative of the Syrian culture
• As a water poor country, people
in Jordan feel that Syrians do not
know how to save water
IMPACT ON HOST COUNTRIES: ECONOMIC IMPACT
• When refugees arrive, the host country will have to
spend on their basic needs like food, housing,
health and education
• In the short run, this increases demand, improving
the GDP and resulting in higher incomes for the
natives
• In the long run, the governments will have to
arrange for additional jobs for these refugees
• Many refugees arrive with skills perfectly fir for
certain jobs and they are hired right away
• If there are not enough jobs, the locals might feel
the refugees are stealing opportunities
• If handled properly, this situation can actually, for
some countries, contribute in long term
sustainability
United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria
As a response to the Syrian Civil War, United Nations Security Council
Resolution 2043 set up a United Nations peacekeeping mission named
United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS) in year 2012.

Headed by Norwegian major general, Robert Mood was designed to end the
escalating conflict as part of the six point plan.

The six point plan included provisions for immediate steps by Syrian government followed by
cessation of armed violence by all parties in any form to stabilise the county and protect the civilians

On 25 march 2012 , the Syrian government committed to this plan which required immediate cessation of troops, end of
the usage of heavy weapons, and various other steps to remove the crisis and improve the living conditions of the citizens.
UNSMIS which was set up for initial 90 days sent 300 unarmed military observers to monitor the cessation.
UN’s Action
• In 2017, a committee consisting of 15 members
discussed Syria 33 times in an informal consultations
• The council has adopted 23 resolutions largely
related to Syria, since the year 2012
• To find a political solution to the conflict UN has
convened 8 rounds of intra-Syrian talks since 2016
• The UN-led convoys for the help of the citizens
reached 820,000 people in Syria in year 2017
• Over 5 million refugees and over 4 million members
of the host communities are supported by UN- led
Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan
• Over 14 million treatments across Syria were
delivered by WHO and it’s associated partners
• All the violations of international law are
investigated by UN Human rights council through the
Independent International commissions enquiry
INVOLVEMENT OF OTHER ORGANISATIONS
• UNOCHA-United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs developed a primary framework
named SHARP to help meet the humanitarian needs of
Syrian people
• UNHCR- The office of United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees which is also known as UN
Refugee Agency is responsible for helping and protect
Syrian Refugees for their repatriation, resettlement
within the country and migration to a third country
• ICRC- The International Committee of Red Cross which
has partnered with Syrian Arab Red Crescent provides
water, shelter, food and other necessary materials to
the people who are victim of this conflict
• WFP-UN World Food Program holds the responsibility
of providing food in the affected areas of Syria.
 AFTERMATH OF WAR
Since the beginning of the war in 2011, people of Syria have been
suffering from a brutal conflict which has killed thousands of people
that had not only torn the nation apart but also has set back the living
standards by decades.

Millions of people have been scattered that created the largest refugee and
displacement crisis of our time. About 6.7 million Syrians are now refugees,
and about 6.2 million people got displaced within Syria.

According to the U.N Refugee agency, more than 130 civilians have been killed and more than
160000 have fled which included at least 70000 children, since the increase in military activities in
northeast Syria.

About 12 million people needs humanitarian assistance. Many facilities like Healthcare centres, hospitals, schools and
water & sanitation systems are either destroyed or damaged. Once-busy market places and historic landmarks have been
reduced to rubble.
 MOST AFFECTED
Children
• 2.5 million children have seen nothing but war.
• The 8 year old conflict has created nothing but 2.4
million child refugees , killed many people and has
led to recruitment of children as fighters some are
even as young as 7
• Children who lives in such a condition have to learn
what it’s like to be human beings affecting their
physical and mental health.
Women
• With high rates of gender-based violence which includes
lack of educational opportunities, safe water or health
services women and girls are facing the brunt of the crisis.
• Several international and national reports confirm the
increased levels of sexual violence against women and
girls.
• Moreover, many women are even arrested, statistics
shows that 76% of the women are detained in security
branches while only 24% are in central prison