DMG 246

DMG 246
Public Integrity and Social Accountability

Atty. Damcelle Torres-Cortes

Institute for Governance and Rural Development
College of Public Affairs & Development
University of the Philippines Los Banos
1st Semester AY 2019-20
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Today,  Return Reflection

 Discussion
Sep 14 I. Public Integrity
A. Public Officer Integrity
5. Developing moral competence
 Case presentations/discussions

Reminder:
 Midterm Exam on Sep. 21
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Midterm Exam
o Coverage: All discussions and readings since Day 1
o Mechanics: Take home, written essay – concept, reflection
and application, open notes
o Timeframe: Questions out by 1pm on Sep 21; due via email
to dtcortes@up.edu.ph by Sep 23, 12nn
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ALIR FRAMEWORK (Makrydemetres, 2002)

Democratic
ACCOUNTABILITY
of administration Rule of law and
principle of
LEGALITY Professional
INTEGRITY
RESPONSIVENESS
to civil society
 DEALING WITH RULES

Obedience Discretion in Redefinition Conscientious Rebellion Resignation or

role of role objection to against recusal
role role
Moral
entrepreneurship
Dirty
Public Private
hands
Inside Outside
Rules climate
or • Confidential • Whistle-
Law-and-code climate memo blowing
• Office Petition • Leaking
• Refusal to • Civil
participate if disobedience
there is someone
Quiet non-
else
Open conformity
defiance

Adapted from Ken Winston’s Options from Dissenters, 2014

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Time element Majority’s

benefit

Intention Outcome/
(need for self-reflection Means
especially on self-
interest) Ends

• Impact on
colleagues,
Options/ institution,

External Pressure Last resort Other stakeholders

• Slippery slope
consequences • Precedent
• Unintended effects
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Ethical Theories

Ethics of Conduct Ethics of Character

What kind of persons
How should we act? (doing)
should we be? (being)

Consequentialism Deontology
There is a moral
We choose actions based on results
rule/standard

Ethical Egosim Utilitarianism Kantianism

What is good for Aristotelianism
What is good for everyone
Actions must satisfy the Virtue
me “categorical imperative”
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/ethics-theories-3
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Carolyn’s Choices
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Carolyn’s Choices
3
1
2 Arrange food so kids will
Arrange food to make
Choose food at random pick same food as if they
students best off
choose one their own

4
Maximize sales from 5
suppliers willing to offer Maximize profits
largest bribes
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Choice architecture
• Context influences that way in which decisions are
made
• Choices can be presented or framed to produce an
intended outcome
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Libertarian paternalism
Possibility of influencing
decision or behavior while at
the same time respecting a
person’s freedom of choice
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Moral competences (Winston, 2010)

• “the attributes and dispositions (latent moral

resources) of the good practitioner”
• Enables “operational ethical judgment” which is
the the ability to act in time” or make sound and
reliable judgment when needed
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Moral competences (Winston, 2010)

Developing a
Practicing “ethical Exercising Managing "the
“public
analysis” prudence two masters"
conscience”

Respecting people Developing

Engaging in
as responsible proficiency in
double reflection
agents social architecture
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1. Practicing “ethical analysis”

Diagnosis of the Clarification of
Problem
situation giving rise values and
identification
to the problem principles

Examination of
Resolution or Elaboration of arguments for and
decision options for action against specific
stances

Winston, 2010
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2. Developing a “public conscience”

• Take into account not just own moral principles or
conscience but the beliefs and principles of beneficiaries
(clients) of services are or could be committed to, after
reflection and deliberation
• Not idiosyncratic conviction
• Develop a more encompassing perspective by assessing and
revising particularistic claims and partial viewpoints

Winston, 2010
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3. Exercising prudence
• Commitment to a grand principle tempered by sensitivity to
consequences for specific persons
• Recognizing particularity and complexity of political action,
fallibility of human planning, and inevitability of unintended
consequences
• Practicality – the good and feasible (because efficacy is also
an ethical duty)

Winston, 2010
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4. Managing “the two masters”

• Dual responsibility =
commitment to one’s clients (dependence) +
fiduciary duty to professional norms (independence)

Winston, 2010
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5. Respecting people as responsible agents

• Recognizing human agency not just well-being
• Implies
• Empowerment : Provide advice, basic resources, and opportunities
for realizing the kind of life they have reason to value
• Self-direction: Respect people’s ability to set goals, develop
commitment, pursue values and succeed in realizing them
• Good democratic practitioner

Winston, 2010
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6. Developing proficiency in social architecture

• Deliberative judgment about ends and means
• Constructing appropriate institutional policies and systems
to address problems, and create (instead of constrain)
opportunities
• Enabling collective decision-making and self-government
• Most problems arise from institutional failure and human
nature

Winston, 2010
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7. Engaging in double reflection

• Understand that others can have a different but reasonable
view

Winston, 2010
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Kew Gardens Principle

Integrity Personal
• Need
• Proximity
in Office Legal-
Institutional
Responsibility • Capability
• Indispensability
(Dobel, 1999) Model

Implementa-
tion Model
(Effectiveness)

Integrity in Office
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Role play: Police cases

• Two case studies each
• Put yourself in the shoes of the protagonist
• Frame the issue/s or ethical dilemma
• How would you respond to the issue and apply moral
competencies and frameworks for addressing ethical
dilemma?
• Assigned classmate will ask questions, probe into the
response
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Police cases
1. Rido –
2. Tapusin na natin ito –
3. Indecent Proposal –
4. H’wag nyo po ako patayin –
5. Katas ng Jueteng –
6. Pakikisama –
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Police cases
7. Let me think about it Ma’am –
8. Hard Evidence -
9. Kapatid -
10. Parte mo, Pare -