BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR

PHYSICS
ECPE 503:
ECE ELECTIVE 3 – SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES FOR POWER ELECTRONICS
POWER ELECTRONICS TRACK
CONTENTS

• Semiconductor Materials
• Basic Crystal Structures
• Valence Bonds
• Energy Bands
• Intrinsic Carrier Concentration
• Donors and Accpetors
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS

• Insulators
• Conductors
• Semiconductors
• Element semiconductors – Si, Ge
• Compound semiconductor
• Binary Compound semiconductor – GaAs
• Ternary Compound semiconductor –
• Quaternary Compound semiconductor -
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
BASIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

• Single crystals - where the atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional

periodic fashion
• Lattice
• Unit cell
• Simple cubic (sc) crystal
• polonium
• Body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal
• Sodium, tungsten
• Face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal
• Aluminum, copper, gold, platinum
BASIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

• Diamond Structure
• Diamond lattice – Si, Ge
• Zincblende lattice - GaAs
VALENCE BONDS

• Covalent bonding
• Electron pair
• Valence electrons
VALENCE BONDS

• Free electrons
• Hole
ENERGY BANDS

• Bohr model:
• Si
• Shell configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
• 14 electrons
• Ga
• Shell configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1
• 31 electrons
• As
• Shell configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3
• 33 electrons
ENERGY BANDS

• Valence band
• Conduction band
• Bandgap energy
• Eg = Ec – Ev
ENERGY BANDS

• Conduction in Metal, Semiconductors and Insulators

INTRINSIC CARRIER CONCENTRATION

• Intrinsic Semiconductor Material

• Fermi-Dirac distribution function
• Fermi Level
INTRINSIC CARRIER CONCENTRATION

• Electron density

• Fermi distribution function

INTRINSIC CARRIER CONCENTRATION

• Fermi distribution function

INTRINSIC CARRIER CONCENTRATION

• Fermi distribution function

INTRINSIC CARRIER CONCENTRATION

• Electron density

• Hole density

• Intrinsic carrier density

DONORS AND ACCEPTORS

• Extrinsic Semiconductor Material

• N-type
• P-type
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS

• Electron density, n = ND
• Hole density, p = NA
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS

•d
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS

•d
DONORS AND ACCEPTORS

• Electron and hole concentrations:

• For n-type For p-type