Manufacturing means conversion of raw material in to

finished product, by application of various resources.

The Manufacturing System term refers to a collection

and arrangement of operations and processes used to make a
desired component or product.
Types of Manufacturing Systems:
According to physical arrangement in the industry.
 Job Shop
Flow Shop
Project Shop
Continuous Shop

The modern manufacturing systems are:

• Linked cell system (Cellular manufacturing system)
• Flexible Manufacturing system
 Job Shop Manufacturing system

1. Products are manufactured in small lot sizes.

2. General Production machines are used.
3. High skilled workers are required.
4. Route sheets are used.
5. Functional or process layout is used.
 Flow Shop Manufacturing System
1. Product oriented layout
2. Particular product or product family is produced.
3. Special purpose machines are used
4. Less skilled workers can handle the work
5. Material handling equipments are required.
6. Product layout is used.
 Project Shop Manufacturing system
In this type, product must remain at its fixed position or
location because of its size or weight.
The material, machines and people in fabrication are
brought at location.
e.g. Locomotive, Large air craft, Ship building
 Continuous Process
In this continuous process, product seems to flow
physically. e.g. liquids, gasses and power
It is usually has the leanest and simplest production system
because this manufacturing system is easiest to control because it
has least work in progress. (WIP).
e.g. Oil refineries, Chemical processing plants and food
processing industries.
 Assembly Line
An assembly line is a manufacturing process
(often called a progressive assembly) in which parts
(usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-
finished assembly moves from workstation to
workstation where the parts are added in sequence until
the final assembly is produced.
Assembly lines are designed for the sequential
organization of workers, tools or machines, and parts.

BMW Assembly line.mp4

According to Henry Ford:
The principles of assembly are these:
(1) Place the tools and the men in the sequence of the
operation so that each component part shall travel the
least possible distance while in the process of
finishing.

(2) Use work slides or some other form of carrier so that

when a workman completes his operation, he drops the
part always in the same place—which place must always
be the most convenient place to his hand—and if possible
have gravity carry the part to the next workman for his
own.

(3) Use sliding assembling lines by which the parts to be

assembled are delivered at convenient distances.
 Repetitive Manufacturing

• All the production is scheduled.

• To decide the schedule capacity of bottleneck operation is
considered.
• On completion of schedule run, completed units are moved to
inventory and lot/serial number is assigned.
• Pull notes are used to transfer material between work centers.
 Repetitive manufacturing procedure

• A schedule consists of production orders with completion

date that falls in the same period.
• The production orders under a schedule (with like delivery
schedule) can be grouped by item where different routing and
production facilities are used for the same item.
• Production orders may be grouped based on production
facility where different items, following different routing, are
produced in the same production facility.
A repetitive type of manufacturing environment has the
following characteristics:
1. Mass production with speed and high throughput.
2. Item produced are generic in nature.
3. Item produced are not linked to a particular production order
and are normally made to stock for distribution through
warehouses and sales channels.
4. Supports rate based scheduling which includes setup and
changeover time as well as maintenance scheduling.
5. Cluster of work centers are grouped into assembly lines.