Batch No:09

Team Members Supervisor

P.Kareema (16K61A05C0) K.Anand Kumar
M.L.R.Keerthi (16K61A0588) -Head of the Department(CSE)
K.Bhavana(16K61A0571)
M.V.Vamsi Duth(16K61A0593)
Outline of the Presentation
● Introduction
● Problem Statement
● Objectives
● Literature Review
● Expected Outcome
● References
Introduction
● A signature is a handwritten depiction of someone's name,
nickname, or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof
of identity and intent.
● The signature of a person is an important biometric attribute which
can be used to authenticate human identity.
● Signatures are also used in bank transactions and legal documents
which can be considered as a sensitive area.
● But a Signature can be forged , which is the act of falsely replicating
another person's signature.Some of the most commonly forged
documents include checks or money orders, investment documents,
corporate documents, or identification documents.
Problem Statement:
● The area of Offline Signature Verification has been broadly
researched in the last decades.
● Offline signatures lack any form of dynamic information whereas in
Online signatures.
● So this has become an emerging problem of signature forgery
detection in the case of offline signatures
● Many advancements have been proposed in the last 5-10 years, most
notably the application of Deep Learning methods to learn feature
representations from signature images.
Objectives:
● The objective of signature verification systems is to discriminate if a
given signature is genuine (produced by the claimed individual), or a
forgery (produced by an impostor).
● To get better accuracy rates in the case of Offline Signature
Verification System .
● To use Deep Learning Methods in recognition and identification of
Offline Signatures which can actually give better results when
compared to other techniques.
Literature Review:
Details of the paper
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
2004:4, 559–571
c 2004 Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Offline Signature Verification Using the
Discrete Radon Transform and a Hidden
Markov Model
International Journal of Pattern Recognition
and Artificial Intelligence
c World Scientific Publishing Company
"OFFLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION
AND IDENTIFICATION USING DISTANCE
STATISTICS”
Vol. 18, No. 7 (2004) 1339–1360
Description of the paper
● Automatically authenticates offline handwritten
signatures using the discrete Radon transform
(DRT) and a Hidden Markov model (HMM).
● It uses only global features.
● This system achieves an EER of 18% for skilled
forgeries and 4.5% in casual forgeries.
● It is a novel approach based on a quasi-
multiresolution technique using GSC features.
● Dynamic Plane Warping algorithm to improve
the performance of the system.
● Achieve accuracy as high as 78.1% for
verification and 93.18%.
 Details of the paper
Abhay Bansal,Prasad Nemmikanti,Pramod Kumar
“Offline Signature Verification Using Critical
Region Matching”
2008 Second International Conference on Future
Generation Communication and Networking
Symposia
Ramachandra A C,Jyothi Srinivasa Rao,K B Raja,K
R Venugopla, L M Patnaik
“Robust Offline Signature Verification Based On
Global Features”
2009 IEEE International Advance Computing
Conference (IACC 2009)
Patiala, India, 6-7 March 2009
Description of the paper
● Graph matching approach comparing critical
regions,taking care of the inevitable intra-
personal variations.
● Authentic-98.68,Semi-skilled-95.69,
Skilled-89.09 were the accuracy rates
achieved.
● It is possible to achieve very low error rates
even for skilled forgeries.
● Robust Offline Signature Verification Based
on Global Features (ROSVGF) for skilled and
random forgeries.
● FFR for FEMOSV and ROSVGF are
11.26%and 5.4%.FAR for FEMOSV and
ROSVGF are 13.66% and 4.6%
● ROSVGF gains better FRR and low FAR
values compared to FEMOSV.
 Details of the paper
Bernardete Ribeiro, Ivo Gonçalves, and Sérgio
Santos1,and Alexander Kovacec
“Deep Learning Networks for Off-Line
Handwritten Signature Recognition”
C. San Martin and S.-W. Kim (Eds.): CIARP 2011,
LNCS 7042, pp. 523–532, 2011.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
Indrajit Bhattacharya,Prabir Ghosh,Swarup Biswas
International Conference on Computational
“Offline Signature Verification Using Pixel Matching
Technique”
Intelligence: Modeling Techniques and Applications
(CIMTA) 2013
Description of the paper
● This model of off-line handwritten
signature recognition is able to extract high-
level representations.
● A two-step hybrid model is used improving
the misclassification rate in the well-known
GPDS database.
● The cost of training was very
high.Therefore its only possible to test with
10 folders of signatures
● The performance of this method has been
compared with ANN and SVM techniques.
● It is simple which makes it user friendly
and easy to implement.
● It is able to identify the static changes in a
signature but cannot identify any dynamic
changes in a signature.
 Details of the paper
Sumedha Tanajirao Panchal, V. V. Yerigeri
“Offline signature verification based on geometric
feature extraction using artificial neural network”
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication
Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
(May. - June. 2018)
Muhammed Mutlu Yapıcı,Adem Tekerek,Nurettin
Topaloglu “Convolutional Neural Network Based
Offline Signature Verification Application”
International Congress on Big Data, Deep Learning
and Fighting Cyber Terrorism
Description of the paper
● In this Offline Verification of signatures
simple shape based geometric features are
used.
● The efficiency of ANN is about 86.67% and
the technique is robust.
● The future work can be done using different
verification methods or different signature
features.
● The DL method used is Convolutional
Neural Network (CNN).
● The experimental results showed that WI
has 62.5% of success and WD has 75% of
success.
● Success of obtained results will increase if
CNN is supported with extra DL
approaches.
Expected Outcome:
● By applying backward propagation technique to CNN models we can
achieve better accuracy rates in the area of offline signature
verification.
● The results are measured with following metrics:
● FRR(False Rejection Rate)
● FAR(False Acceptance Rate)
● EER(Equal Error Rate)
● Accuracy
Reference:
 2009 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC 2009)
Ramachandra A C,Jyothi Srinivasa Rao,K B Raja,K R Venugopala, L M Patnaik
 IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
Sumedha Tanajirao Panchal, V. V. Yerigeri
 International Congress on Big Data, Deep Learning and Fighting Cyber Terrorism
Muhammed Mutlu Yapıcı,Adem Tekerek,Nurettin Topaloglu
 Bernardete Ribeiro, Ivo Gonçalves, and Sérgio Santos,and Alexander Kovacec
C. San Martin and S.-W. Kim (Eds.): © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
 International Conference on Computational Intelligence: Modeling Techniques and
Applications (CIMTA) 2013. Indrajit Bhattacharya,Prabir Ghosh,Swarup Biswas
 2008 Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and
Networking Symposia.Abhay Bansal,Prasad Nemmikanti,Pramod Kumar
 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2004 Hindawi Publishing
Corporation.
 International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
Vol. 18, No. 7 (2004) 1339–1360 World Scientific Publishing Company.