PROSPECTING

It is the research work that

has as its object the search
and discovery of
mineralized bodies, by
means of chemical and
physical indices Source :https://lampadia.com
GEOPHYSICAL
PROSPECTION

Is a set of physical and

mathematical techniques,
applied to the exploration
of the subsoil for the
search and study of
deposits of useful
substances (petroleum,
groundwater, minerals, Source: https://blog.itpe.mx/

coal, etc.
 METHODS
A) GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
The method is based on the
study the variation of the vertical
component of the gravity field

B) ELECTRICAL METHOD
It studies the behavior of the
electric current when it is
injected into the ground.

Source : https://www.geovirtual2.cl/
 C)MAGNETIC METHOD

It is used to provide information about the geology

of the subsoil based on anomalies in the
magnetic field of the earth, as a result of the
magnetic properties of the underlying rocks

Source : https://www.geovirtual2.cl
D) SISMIC METHOD
By means of seismic waves it is possible
to detect discontinuities, petrographic
changes, differentiate between solid
rocks and molten rocks

Source: http://www.geodatos.cl
 GEOCHEMICAL
PROSPECTION
It is specific objective is
to find new deposits of
metals and non-metals,
accumulation of
petroleum and natural
gas, using chemical
methods

Source:www.alarca-
geoquimica.com
 A GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING PROGRAM

MUST FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING

METHODOLOGY
1. Knowledge of regional and local geology,
experienced personal in the study area and
existing bibliography.

2. Geological observations in the field (with the

help of satellite images, topographic maps,
geological maps and aerial photos where they are
useful).
 A GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING PROGRAM MUST

FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING METHODOLOGY

3. Pilot study of a representative area of the zone

of ​interest to determine the geochemical
dispersion of the elements and the best type of
sampling to be used.

4. Collection and description in the field of the

geochemical samples and geological and
geomorphological description of each sampling
site
5. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis in the
field, especially where access is difficult.
6. Quantitative analysis, in the laboratory,
according to the lowest cost of analysis and the
time factor.
7.Statistical determination of the regional and local
“background” values, and the so-called anomalies.
8.Presentation of the results in maps.
9.Interpretation of data.
10.Evaluation of the project.
 GEOBOTANY

THE GEOBOTANY IN CHEMICAL PROSPECTING

Geobotany could be considered as a

visible aspect of geochemistry, in which
take evidences the plant growth, the
presence of indicator plants and changes
in the morphology or mutations of
vegetation.
 EXAMPLE
*The "violet calamine"
only grows in areas
where there is presence
of zinc

*"Copper flower" only

grows on extremely
copper-rich terrains, such
as the Copper-belt mining
regions of Zambia Source:
http://eimaformacion.com/
 EXPLORATION
It is the work that
consists in determining
or demonstrating the
dimensions, position,
mineralogical
characteristics, reserves
and values ​of mineral
deposits
Source :
https://www.mdh.com.pe
 DIAMOND DRILLING

Its objective is to drill

the rock through a
diamond bit to obtain
a drill core and then Source
study its composition :http://www.rumbominero.com
1. Must be installed on a platform or surface that is
fully leveled

2. When installing the probe at the point to be

drilled, it must be placed underneath it a
polyethylene or geomembrane that covers
completely the lower area of ​the probe, to avoid
contamination by spills of oils, fats or additives.
1. Diamond drilling uses a diamond head or bit, that
rotates at the end of the drill rods

2. After the first 3 meters of drilling, a screw new tube

section at the upper end and so on.

3. The diamond head rotates slowly with gentle pressure

while being lubricated with water to prevent
overheating.
 Product selection and
application
• For the selection of the correct crown for the
terrain appropriate, we must determine:
1. The speed
2. The power of the probe, for the diameter (size)
and depth of the well to be drilled
Immediately you have to get the following
information possible in respect of:
Expected types of rocks
Conditions at the bottom of the well
 Reverse Circulation (RC) Drilling

This system is generally used for large diameter wells

and consists in returning the perforated material to
the surface through the interior of the drill pipes.

1.At the end of the drill, a pneumatic Hammer

pushes the bit against the rock, for the obtaining of
splinters
2.The air jets are forced into the drill hole on the
side of the bit.
3.The strong air flow transports dust from
the rock and fragments known as cuttings
or chips through the middle of the drill bit to
an internal drill pipe.
4.When it reaches the surface, the dust and
chips are introduced into a cyclonic
separator that slows the downward flow of
air and divides the sample into large and
small samples
 SAMPLING OF RC DRILLING

The assistant's job is to attach bags to the two exits of the

cyclone
The large bag contains samples that are usually stored on
site along with others in well-ordered rows. These are
maintained until all the necessary laboratory analyzes have
been carried out.
The smallest bag is the one that goes to the laboratory
 REVERSE CIRCULATION
SAMPLE LOGGING

• The field assistant usually puts some of the

sample from the large bag in a plastic sieve
for the geologist.
• The geologist inspects the contents of the
rock chips washed with a hand lens, quickly
describes the rock and records the
information in a registration form or directly n
a computer
 Teledection in mining
exploration
In recent years the emergence of a series of
multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, have
allowed to discriminate between different types of
lithology, identify minerals such as alunite, illite,
chlorite, kaolinite, epidote, oxides, among others

The images most used in the geological

exploration - mining are: LANDSAT, ASTER, ALI,
QUICKBIRD, SPOT, among others
 1. SENSOR ASTER

*Su principal caracteristica es que se usa en recursos

naturales en general
Es un sensor multispectral,sus escenas cubren
aproximadamente 60 km2 y tienen una resolucion
temporal de 16 dias

*Se utiliza mayormente para los porfidos de cobre, oro

epitermal,cromita,magnetite ,uranio.
IMPORTANT DATA

The use of ASTER data in the

lithological / structural exploration of
ore in particular for porphyry copper,
epithermal gold, chromite,
magnetite, massive sulfides and
uranium has increased in recent
years.
 TELEDETECTION
Teledetection is the technique to
detect terrestrial objects at a
distance.
To make teledetection you need:
 a sensor
 the terrestrial objects to be
detected at a distance.
 the instrument carrying that https://ingeoexpert.com/
sensor.
 2.LandSat satellites
*
Imágenes ALI (Advanced
Land Imager)

ALI like LANDSAT and ASTER allows the

lithological discrimination and the mapping of
geological structures, unlike LANDSAT and
ASTER, ALI only has 37 km x 42 km - 180 km

In the mapping of oxides and clays ALI gives more

reliable results, due to its spectral characteristics.
 ASTER LANDSAT ALI

*PRINCIPALES
USOS EN
PORFIDOS DE
COBRE,ORO
EPITERMAL,CR
OMITA,MAGNET
ITA,SULFUROS
MASIVOS
,URANIO