Professional Documents
Culture Documents
METHYL METHACRYLATE
1 .. 2554
500
ISBN 978-974-286-924-3
. 04-153
447 10400
.
.
.
.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
(recommendations/legal mechanisms) ...................................................................38
17.1 ...............................................................................................................38
17.2 ...............................................................................................................38
(references) ............................................................................................................40
1 ............................................................................................................45
2 .............................................................................................58
METHYL METHACRYLATE
methyl methacrylate
polymethyl methacrylate (inhibitor)
hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether
dimethyl tert-butylphenol polymethyl
methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene
(MBS) methyl methacrylate
.. 2550 - 2553 30 /
methyl methacrylate
.. 2550 - 2553 10 /
methyl methacrylate
carbon dioxide
methyl methacrylate
(1)
methyl methacrylate
(2) CASRN
(3) EINECS
(4) UN Class
3 (flammable liquid)
(5) UN Number
1247
(6)
methyl methacrylate
(7)
(8)
C5H8O2
(9)
H2C
O
C C
H3C
(10)
OCH3
100.12
1.2
(chemical and physical properties)
methyl methacrylate
(highly flammable) methyl methacrylate
1
METHYL METHACRYLATE
1 methyl methacrylate
()
(, 760 )
()
()
()
( 25)
(, 25)
-47.55
100.5
10
435
1.7 - 8.2
0.9337
38.5
( = 1)
3.45
( 20)
1.4142
(/, 20)
16
Henrys law constant ( 25)
( /)
3.2 10-4
n-octanol-water partition coecient (Kow)
log Kow
1.38
METHYL METHACRYLATE
()
2550
2551
2552
1,169,760
7,559,406
1,342,753
4,835,806
2,564,210
1,087,966
1,039,810
1,348,550
2,015,937
15,200
516,580
15,200
344,420
6,933,162
1,012,000
-
- 2,916,878
2,876,317
150,400
30,400
30,400
4,909,869 11,084,832 4,888,293 1,450,209
2,080,928
1,514,445 1,045,782 11,488,236 21,687,868
400,220
15,200
- 1,491,376
43,700
98,800
15,200
15,200
15,200
273,600
91,200
15,200
1,467,130
80,120
59,970
3,594,301 6,224,087 2,082,490 5,712,907
870,740 1,963,820 1,061,500
998,910
15,200
30,400
30,400
8
40,050
620,516
38,000
53,200
279,030
30,400
45,600
241,590
40,960
15,200
45,600
15,200
30,400
89,450
873,969
154,990
30,400 11,107,66
8,652,382 9,918,700 10,489,627
59,950
182,400
-
2554*
: (2550 - 2554)
* - 2554
methyl methacrylate 2916.1410.000
2553
()
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554*
72,000
200
1,566,594
2,830,471
2,000
362,379
682
2,000
11
6,202,497
17,200
1,080
375
-
5,940
17,100
12
15,200
11,400
4,984,790 6,420,139
3,620,110 2,652,661
4,850
388,220
9,162
87
133
4
2,173,284 10,349,330
1,475,024 2,149,505
1,980
400
1,015,772
405
344,400
3,645,541
2,829,480
21
15,367
24
9,998,177
30,400
1,804,856
150
-
10,165
4,206,794
1,041,900
20,400
8
57
2,182,895
-
7,462,219
: (2550 - 2554)
* - 2554
methyl methacrylate 2916.1410.000
METHYL METHACRYLATE
production processes
methyl methacrylate acetone
hydrocyanic acid acetone cyanohydrin sulfuric acid
methacrylamide sulfate esterification methanol
methyl methacrylate (Toxnet, 2011)
H3C
H3C
O + HCN
acetone
hydrocyanic
acid
OH
C
H2SO4
acetone cyanohydrin
O
C C
. SO
24
sulfuric acid
24
H2C
2H
hydrogen
ion
O
+ NH4HSO4
C C
H3C
hydrogen
ion
NH2
+ CH3OH + 2H+
methanol
. SO
methacrylamide
sulfate
NH2
methacrylamide
sulfate
H3C
H2C
acetone cyanohydrin
H2C
C
H3C
H3C
C C
H3C
H3C
H3C
OH
OCH3
methyl
methacrylate
ammonium
bisulfate
use
bone cement
2. methyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate 85 - 95 5 - 15
3. monomer methyl
methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS)
4. (surface coating)
METHYL METHACRYLATE
10
concentrations
6.1 (loss and persistence)
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate
[ 7
(environmental fate tests)]
6.2 (concentrations)
methyl methacrylate
Zhu (2005)
(volatile organic compound, VOC)
37 Ottawa
2545 - 2546 74
1 methyl methacrylate 0.33 /
Chen (2000)
11 Kaohsiung .. 2537
10 1 methyl methacrylate 1.3 / Jia (2008)
46 Ann Arbor
Ypsilanti Michigan ..
2548 - 2549 Ann Arbor Ypsilanti
Ann Arbor 82
1 methyl methacrylate 0.14 /
Ypsilanti 59
methyl methacrylate
METHYL METHACRYLATE
11
methyl methacrylate
4
4 methyl methacrylate
/
Ottawa
.. 2545 .. 2546
.. 2537
Kaohsiung
.. 2548
Ann Arbor
- 2549
Ypsilanti
1
(/)
0.33 (1/74)1
1.3 (1/10)
0.14 (1/82)
(0/59)
methyl methacrylate/
13
METHYL METHACRYLATE
15
7.2 (photodegradation)
methyl methacrylate 239
methyl methacrylate
290 methyl methacrylate
7.3 (hydrolysis)
methyl methacrylate ester
25
methyl methacrylate pH 7, 8, 9 11 4 , 140 ,
14 3.4 (Toxnet, 2011)
7.4 (sorption)
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate (Koc) 9 - 95
(Toxnet, 2011)
16
7.5 (evaporation)
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate Henrys law constant 3.2 10-4
/ methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate 1 1 /
3 /
5.7
1
0.05 / 0.5 /
methyl methacrylate 4.8
(Toxnet, 2011; Lyman et al., 1990)
7.6 (oxidation)
methyl methacrylate
pyruvic acid, methyl pyruvate epoxide (Kao,
1994) 5 105/
1.1 - 15 (Kao, 1994;
Government of Canada,1993)
methyl methacrylate
7 1011 /
1 (Toxnet, 2011)
methyl methacrylate
1 10-17 /
67 (Toxnet, 2011)
METHYL METHACRYLATE
17
environmental fate
methyl methacrylate 25 38.5
methyl methacrylate
(wet deposition)
methyl methacrylate Henrys law constant 3.2 10-4
/ methyl methacrylate
(Koc) 9 - 95
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate bioconcentration factor (BCF)
4 (Toxnet, 2011)
methyl methacrylate
Henrys law
constant methyl methacrylate
84.2, 15.6, 0.14 < 0.1
(UNEP, 2011)
18
chemobiokinetics
9.1 (absorption)
methyl methacrylate
rat Wastar [14C] methyl methacrylate
5.7 /
65 2
methyl methacrylate
(Bratt and Hathway, 1977) Bereznowski (1995)
methacrylic acid rat 5
methyl methacrylate 800 / methacrylic
acid methyl methacrylate [ 9.4
(metabolism)]
rat Sprague-Dawley
methyl methacrylate 6 - 15
methyl methacrylate (delayed ossification of
sternae) methyl methacrylate
[ 11.7 (embryotropic action)]
rat Wastar methyl methacrylate
12 methyl
methacrylate 780 3 (Verkkala
et al., 1983)
9.2 (distribution)
methyl methacrylate
rat Sprague-Dawley 4 methyl methacrylate
395.9 / 1, 2, 3
METHYL METHACRYLATE
19
4 methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate 3 4
1,140 /
25.24 20.6 /
(Raje et al., 1985) methyl methacrylate
[ 9.5 (excretion)]
9.3 (bioconcentration)
methyl methacrylate
rat [14C] methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate
90
10 [ 9.5
(excretion)] 4.1 6.6
(Bratt and Hathway, 1977)
9.4 (metabolism)
20
9.5 (excretion)
methyl methacrylate carbon
dioxide rat [14C] methyl methacrylate
10 14CO2
88 84 methyl methacrylate
5 14CO2 carbon dioxide
[14C] methyl methacrylate
5
rat [14C] methyl methacrylate
2
14
CO2
MMA
88.0
84.0
0.1
0.7
4.7
6.6
2.7
1.7
4.1
6.6
99.6
99.6
METHYL METHACRYLATE
21
10
mammalian toxicity
methyl methacrylate (slightly hazardous)
LD50 rat mouse
7,900 - 9,400; 5,200 - 5,300; 5,900 4,700
/ LD50
9,400 /
LD50 rat mouse 2,643
944 - 1,130 / LD50
rat mouse 7,080; 5,947 4,248 /
LC50 methyl methacrylate rat 4 8
7,093 3,750
15
15 - 40
(U.S. EPA, 1998)
LD50 LC50 methyl methacrylate
6
22
LD50/LC50*
LD50
rat
7,900
8,400
8,500
9,400
Deichmann (1941)
Autian (1975)
Ouyang et al. (1990)
Spealman et al. (1945)
mouse
5,200
5,300
5,900
4,700
Deichmann (1941)
rat
2,643
mouse
944
1,130
rat
7,080
mouse
5,947
4,248
7,093
3,750
Autian (1975)
LC50
rat
rat
2 (4 )
(8 )
* LD50 /
LC50
METHYL METHACRYLATE
23
11
11.2 (carcinogenicity)
National Toxicology Program
methyl methacrylate rat mouse
rat Fischer 344/N 1
2 50 50
methyl methacrylate 2,048
4,096 / methyl methacrylate 1,024 2,048 /
2 methyl methacrylate 6 /
5 / 2
(NTP, 1986)
mouse B6C3F1 1
2 50 50
2 methyl methacrylate
2,048 4,096 / 6 / 5 / 2
(NTP, 1986)
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate
International Agency for Research on Cancer methyl methacrylate 3 (Group 3, not classifiable
24
11.3 (mutagenicity)
methyl methacrylate short term
test short term test
methyl methacrylate Ames
test Salmonella Typhimurium TA 97, TA 98, TA 100,
TA 1535 (NTP, 1986)
methyl methacrylate L5178Y/
+/TK mouse lymphoma (sister-chromatid
exchange) (chromosomal aberration) Chinese
hamster ovary cell
(NTP, 1986)
11.4 / (potentiation/antagonism)
methyl methacrylate
mouse ICR 1
3 10 3
methyl methacrylate 164.22 /
2.7, 5.4 13.48 / 3
methyl methacrylate 24
pentobarbital sodium
(sleeping time) 89.48
3 160.88, 179.98 254.37
methyl methacrylate
pentobarbital sodium methyl
methacrylate methyl methacrylate
(Lawrence and Autian,
1972)
METHYL METHACRYLATE
25
11.5 (neurotoxicity)
rat mouse methyl
methacrylate
(olfactory sensory epithelium)
rat mouse 2
rat Fischer 344/N 1
2 50 50
methyl methacrylate 2,048
4,096 / methyl methacrylate
1,024 2,048 / 2
methyl methacrylate 6 /
5 / 2
[ 11.2 (carcinogenicity)]
rat methyl methacrylate
2,048 4,096 /
48 ( 96) 48 ( 96)
rat methyl
methacrylate 1,024 2,048 /
44 ( 90
49 1 )
47 ( 94)
2 ( 4)
mouse methyl methacrylate
2,048 4,096 /
39
( 78) 42 ( 84)
7 ( 14) mouse
39 ( 78) 44 ( 88)
2 ( 4) (NTP, 1986)
26
rat Sprague-Dawley
2 2 1
(inhalation chamber) 2
METHYL METHACRYLATE
27
11.8 (immunotoxicity)
methyl methacrylate
rat
F344/N 1 3
28
11.9 (reproduction)
mouse CD-1 1
3 methyl methacrylate
410; 4,100 36,900 / 6 /
5 methyl methacrylate
(fertility index) 3
=
100
/ 3
/ methyl
methacrylate mouse (Anderson and Hedge, 1976)
11.10 (teratogenicity)
methyl methacrylate rat
Sprague-Dawley methyl methacrylate
(Nicholas et al., 1979) rat SpragueDawley methyl methacrylate
METHYL METHACRYLATE
29
[ 11.7 (embryotropic action)]
11.11 (behavior)
methyl methacrylate
rat Wistar methyl methacrylate
500 // 21
(aggressive behavior)
(learning ability) 2
1
(Husain et al., 1985)
30
12
12.2 (terrestrial)
methyl methacrylate (Toxnet, 2011)
7 LC50 methyl methacrylate
3.8 - 6.4 .
fathead minnow
(Pimephales promelas)
LC50
(/
()
)
96
159.1
96
130 - 350
264
191
232.2
3.8 - 6.4 .
72
96
96
goldfish
(Carassius auratus)
3.8 - 6.4 .
96
277.1
guppy
(Lebistes reticulates)
1.9 - 2.5 .
96
368.1
bluegill sunfish
(Lepomis macrochirus)
3.65 .
METHYL METHACRYLATE
31
13
sampling/preparation/analysis
13.1 (sampling)
methyl methacrylate
Radiello catridge (activated charcoal) (Santarsiero
et al., 2009)
13.2
(preparation/analysis)
methyl methacrylate 8
32
METHYL METHACRYLATE
33
8 methyl methacrylate
14
spills
methyl methacrylate
( 2553; , 2544)
14.1
(1) methyl methacrylate
50 (150 )
methyl methacrylate
-
300 (1,000 )
(2) methyl methacrylate
(3) methyl methacrylate
(4) methyl methacrylate
14.2
(1) methyl methacrylate
-
(self contained breathing apparatus, SCBA)
34
(2)
-
(alcohol resistant foam)
- 800 (0.5 )
800 (0.5 )
-
- methyl methacrylate
-
-
-
-
(3)
METHYL METHACRYLATE
35
15
treatment of poisoning
15.1
methyl methacrylate
20
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate
( 2553; 2554;
, 2544)
15.2
methyl methacrylate
2 8 methyl
methacrylate
( 2554)
36
16
waste management
methyl methacrylate
(incineration) vermiculite
(secure landfill)
(Toxnet, 2011)
carbon dioxide 1,000 1,200
(after burner)
2
(, 2550)
methyl methacrylate
methyl methacrylate 600 - 900
carbon
monoxide (Toxnet, 2011)
1. (stabilization)
(solidification)
(inert substance)
2.
(, 2550)
METHYL METHACRYLATE
37
17
recommendations/legal mechanisms
17.1
.. 2538
.. 2535 methyl methacrylate 2
(, 2538)
17.2
methyl methacrylate
9
38
9 methyl methacrylate
8 /
208 / (50 )
15
416 / (100
)
4 .. OSHA
2542 (1999)
8 /
50 (208 /)
15
100
1 .. SWE
2548 (2005)
8 /
208 / (50 )
15
416 / (100
)
.. HSE
2550 (2007)
17 .. EC
8 / 2552 (2009)
50
15
100
METHYL METHACRYLATE
39
reference
(2550)
96
(2553) 2008 Emergency Response
Guidebook
374
(2554) Methyl Methacrylate.
(MSDS).
Chemical Data Bank.
http://msds.pcd.go.th/
searchName.asp?vID=172
(2544)
244
(2550 - 2554) Foreign Trade
Statistics of Thailand Imports.
(2538)
.. 2538 112 13
1 2538
Anderson D. and Hedge M.C.E (1976) Methyl Methacrylate Monomer:
Dominant Lethal Study in the Mouse. Report No. CTL/P/295. Imperial
Chemical Industries. Macclesfield. Cheshire. UK.
Autian J. (1975) Structure-toxicity relationships of acrylic monomers. Environmental Health Perspective 11, 141 - 152.
Baily H.D., Liu D.H.W., and Javitz H.A. (1985) Time/toxicity relationships in
short-term static, dynamic and plug-flow bioassays. In: Aquatic Toxicology
and Hazard Assessment: Eighth Symposium. Bahner R.C. and Hansen D.J.
Editors. ASTM STP 891. American Society for Testing and Materials.
Philadelphia. Pennsylvania. USA.
40
41
42
Lyman W.J., Reehl W.J., and Rosenblatt D.H. (1990) Handbook of Chemical
Property Estimation Methods. American Chemical Society. Washington
DC. USA.
NFPA (2010) Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. Fourteenth edition.
Colonna G. R. Editor. National Fire Protection Association. Massachusetts.
USA.
Nicholas C.A., Lawrence W.H., and Autian J. (1979) Embryotoxicity and
fetotoxicity from maternal inhalation of methyl methacrylate monomer in
rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 50, 45 1 - 458.
NTP (1986) Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methyl Methacrylate
(CAS No. 80-62-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
National Toxicology Program. National Institutes of Health. U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. Research Triangle Park.
North Carolina. USA.
OSHA (1999) Limits for Air Contaminants. Federal Register Number 64: 184-186.
Standard Number 1910.1000 TABLE Z-1. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration. Department of Labor. USA.
Ouyang G., Shi T., Fan Z., Zhang B., Yu T., Hao A., Tang G. (1990) Acute
toxicity and toxicokinetics of methyl methacrylate. Zhonghua Laodong
Weisheng Zhiyebing Zazhi 6, 211 - 214.
Pahren H.R. and Bloodgood D.E. (1961) Biological oxidation of several vinyl
compounds. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 33, 233 - 238
Pickering Q.H. and Henderson C. (1966) Acute toxicity of some important
petrochemicals to fish. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 38,
1419 - 1429.
Raje R.R., Ahmad S., and Weisbroth S.H. (1985) Methyl methacrylate: tissue
distribution and pulmonary damage in rats following acute inhalation.
Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology
50, 151 - 154 .
METHYL METHACRYLATE
43
Santarsiero A., Fuselli S., Piermattei A., Morlino R., De Blasio G., De Felice M.,
and Ortolani E. (2009) Investigation of indoor air volatile organic compounds
concentration levels in dental settings and some related methodological
issues. Annali dellIstituto Superiore di Sanita 45, 87 - 98.
Singh A.R., Lawrence W.H., and Autian J. (1972) Embryonic-fetal toxicity and
tertogenic effects of a group of methacrylate esters in rats. Journal of
Dental Research 51, 1632 - 1638.
Spealman C.R., Main R.J., Haag H.B., and Larson P.S. (1945) Monomeric
methyl methacrylate - studies on toxicity. Industrial Medicine 14, 292 - 298.
SWE (2005) Occupational Exposure Limit Values and Measures against Air
Contaminants. Statute Book of the Swedish Work Environment Authority.
AFS 2005:17.
Tanii H. and Hashimoto K. (1982) Structure-toxicity relationship of acrylates
and methacrylates. Toxicology Letter11 125 - 129.
Tansy M.F., Landin W.E., and Kendall F.M. (1980) LC50 value for rats acutely
exposed to methyl methacrylate monomer vapor. Journal of Dental
Research 59, 1074.
Toxnet (2011) Methyl Methacrylate. National Institute of Health. Department
of Health and Human Services. USA. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov
UNEP (2011) Methyl Methylcrylate. United Nations Environmental Programme.
http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/80625.pdf
U.S. EPA (1998) Toxicological Review of Methyl Methacrylate. United States
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. USA.
U.S.EPA (2011) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). U.S.Environmental
Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/iris.
Verkkala E., Rajaniemi R., and Savolainen H. (1983) Local neurotoxicity of
methylmethacrylate monomer. Toxicology Letter 18, 111 - 114.
Zhu J., Newhook R., Marro L., and Chan C.C. (2005) Selected volatile
organic compounds in residential air in the city of Ottawa, Canada.
Environmental Science and Technology 39, 3964 - 3971.
44
(half-life, t) first-order
first-order
dA A
dt
A A
dA = kA
dt
k
A t
At = A0e kt
At A t
A0 A
t
A t
(t)
At = A0
kt
A0 = A0e
kt
= e
ln = kt
t = 0.693/k
(specific gravity)
( = 1) 1
1
METHYL METHACRYLATE
45
(vapor density)
( = 1)
(boiling point)
(melting point)
(technical grade)
(impurity)
CAS 3 (hyphen)
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7 - B1B2 - C
46
1 2 - 7 ( CAS
1 7
)
2 2
3 1 (check
digit) 2
CAS
3
1. 2 (B2) 1
(B1) 2 (A7) 3 (A6)
4 2 1
2. 10
3
CAS (water) 7732-18-5
3
1. 2 1 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 6 ( 1 2 6 )
(1 8) + (2 1) + (3 2) + (4 3) + (5 7) + (6 7)
8 + 2 + 6 + 12 + 35 + 42 = 105
2. 10
105/10 5 5 3
CAS
CAS
D- CAS 50-99-7
L- CAS 921-60-8
-D- CAS 26655-34-5
CAS
alcohol dehydrogenase CAS 9031-72-5
CAS (mustard oil)
CAS 8007-40-7
METHYL METHACRYLATE
47
Franke (1997)
BCF 4
(low BCF)
(moderate BCF)
(high BCF)
(very high BCF)
BCF
< 30
30 - 100
100 - 1,000
> 1,000
: Franke C., Studinger G., Berger G., Bohling S., Bruckmann U.,
Cohors-Fresenborg D., and Johncke U. (1994) The assessment
of bioaccumulation. Chemosphere 29, 1501 - 1514.
N1N2N3 - N4N5N6 - C
1 3
2 3
3 1 (check
digit) 2
European Commission
METHYL METHACRYLATE
49
3 (C)
1. N1 1 N2 2 N3 3 N6
6
2. 11
3 10 EC number
3 0 - 9
EINECS dexamethasone 200-003-9
3
1. N1 1 N2 2 . N6 6
(1 2) + (2 0) + (3 0) + (4 0) + (5 0) + (6 3)
2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 18 = 20
2. 11
20/11 9 9 3
EINECS dexamethasone
EC number
212-103 3
1. (1 2) + (2 1) + (3 2) + (4 1) + (5 0) + (6 3)
2 + 2 + 6 + 4 + 0 + 18 = 32
2. 11
32/11 10 212-103
EC number
EINECS 200-001-8 formaldehyde
ENLICS 400-010-9 indosol yellow
SF-2RL
NLP 500-001-0 2-methylpropene,
trimers
Henrys law constant
Henrys law
(partial pressure) (headspace)
50
P = H
P
H Henrys law constant /
X /
Henrys law constant (partition coecient)
Henrys law
constant
H = VP
S
H Henrys law constant /
VP
S /
METHYL METHACRYLATE
51
(2)
(50%) LC50
10
LC50
24, 48, 72 96 LC50 (96 ) acrylonitrile
fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 18,100 /
Kamrin (1997)
LC50 96 5
LC50 (/)
< 0.1
0.1 - 1
1 - 10
10 - 100
> 100
52
LD50 LD50
5
20
10
40
(extremely hazardous)
Ib
5 - 50
20 - 200
10 - 100
40 - 400
(highly hazardous)
II
50 - 500 200 - 2,000 100 - 1,000 400 - 4,000
(moderately hazardous)
III
500
2,000
1,000
4,000
(slightly hazardous)
Ia
METHYL METHACRYLATE
53
n-octanol
Kow noctanol
noctanol
(5.5 10 3 /) noctanol
(2.3 /) Kow 0.001
100,000,000 Kow log Kow
Kow
Kow
Kow
Kow
bioconcentration factor (BCF) (Koc)
Kow BCF; Kow Koc
regression equation
(1) Kow BCF
log BCF = 0.761 log Kow 0.23
log BCF polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs), , chlorinated aliphatic, chlorinated aromatics nitroaromatics BCF fathead minnow,
bluegill, rainbow trout mosquito fish
(2) Kow Koc
log Koc = 0.989 log Kow 0.346
54
3
OX
4
(Health)
(Flammability)
/
(Instability/Reactivity)
(Special)
3 (Health)
(Flammability) / (Instability/
Reactivity) 5 0 () 4
()
- (Health)
0 ( )
1
( acetone)
2
(chronic)
( ethyl ether)
METHYL METHACRYLATE
55
3
( chlorine)
4
( hydrogen cyanide, phosphine, carbon monoxide)
- (Flammability)
0 ( argon)
1
93 ( mineral oil)
2
38 - 93 ( diesel fuel)
3
38 23 - 38 ( gasoline)
4
23 (
hydrogen, propane)
- / (Instability/Reactivity)
0
( helium)
1
( propene)
2
( phosphorus,
potassium, sodium)
3 ( ammonium
nitrate)
4
( nitroglycerine, trinitrotoluene)
56
- (Special)
NFPA 2
OX (oxidizer) ( ammonium nitrate, chlorine,
hydrogen peroxide, potassium perchlorate)
W (
cesium, sodium, sulfuric acid)
NFPA 704
METHYL METHACRYLATE
57
nitrate
0.01 (/)
5
2
2
(clean up)
(risk assessment)
(microbiological risk
assessment)
(ecological risk assessment)
(herd health risk assessment)
2 state-of the art
(mathematical model)
dynamic
58
(risk analysis)
3 (risk
management) (risk communication)
5 (5 /)
(risk assessor)
2.1
59
2.2
(risk assessment)
(risk manager)
(
)
(risk assessor)
4
(1) Hazard Identification
hazard identification
hazard identification
(2) Dose-Response Evaluation
(qualitative)
(quantitative)
(dose-response
relationship) 2
(2.1) (non-carcinogen)
(non-genetic carcinogen)
(non-carcinogenic effects)
threshold
60
Risk Assessment
Data
Collection & Evaluation
Exposure
Assessment
Toxicity
Assessment
Risk
Characterization
61
(adverse effect)
ALT (alanine transaminase) SGPT (serum
glutamate pyruvate transaminase)
NOEL ALT
NOAEL endpoint NOEL
endpoint
liver enzymes
endpoint NOAEL
NOAEL NOEL
LOEL (lowest-observed-effect level)
62
2.1 2
dose*
NOEL
0.1
0.5
4%
/ 6%
fat droplet hepatocyte
1.0
7%
/ 8%
fat droplet hepatocyte
NOAEL
2.0
12%**
/ 18%**
fat droplet hepatocyte
LOAEL
5.0
16%**
/ 25%**
fat droplet hepatocyte
* 250 / dose //
** (control group)
LD50 LC50
NOAEL
dose-response relationship dose
NOAEL dose
NOAEL dose
METHYL METHACRYLATE
63
dose-response assessment
dose-response threshold
dose dose
(model) extrapolate dose dose
model
Weibull model
Logit model
One-hit model
Multi-hit model
Multistage model
METHYL METHACRYLATE
65
2
n
exp[x] = 1 + x + x + ..... + x ..........................................................(2.3)
2!
n!
X (2.3)
exp[x]
1 + x .......................................................................................(2.4)
exp[X] 1 + X X
2.2
2.2 exp[x] 1 + x
x
exp[x]
1+x
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
2.71828
1.10517
1.01005
1.0010005
1.000100005
2
1.1
1.01
1.001
1.0001
66
(1 + x) x 100
exp[x]
73.57 %
99.53 %
99.995 %
99.99995 %
99.9999995 %
(2.2) (2.4)
P(d) = 1 [ 1 + { (q0 + q1d)}]
P(d) = q0 + q1d .............................................................................................................(2.5)
d = 0, (spontaneous)
P(0) = q0 .........................................................................................................................(2.6)
(2.5) (2.6)
P(d) = P(0) + q1d
additional risk, A(d) = P(d) - P(0)
A(d) = q1d ......................................................................................................................(2.7)
A(d) dose = d
dose = d
(dose = 0)
(2.7) risk one-hit model
2.4.2 Multistage model
model (stage)
hit model
one-hit model U.S. EPA
one-hit model multistage model
P(d) = 1 exp[ (q0 + q1d + q2d2 + .....qndn)]...................................................(2.8)
dose d2, ....., dn 0 (2.8)
P(d)
67
68
Risk
Slope = CPS
CDI
(//)
2.1 (risk)
(CDI)
CDI (chronic daily intake lifetime average daily dose; LADD)
//
CDI = total dose/(body weight ATn) .........................................................(2.12)
total dose = concentration daily intake EFr EDtot % Abs ................(2.13)
daily intake
2.3
% Abs
100% default value
METHYL METHACRYLATE
69
70
2.3
risk characterization
CPSo
CPSi
RfDo
RfDi
Bwa
Bwc
ATc
ATn
IRAa
IRAc
IRWa
IRWc
IRSa
IRSc
EFr
EDtot
EDc
SAa
SAc
AFa
AFc
reference dose
reference dose
1 - 6
1 - 6
-
-
-
-
* (//)-1
* (//)-1
* //
* //
70
15
25,550
365* EDd
20 /
12 /
2 /
1 /
100 /
200 /
350 /
30
6
5,700 /
3,300 /
3,300 /
0.07 /
0.2 /
0.2 /
METHYL METHACRYLATE
71
2.3 ()
ABS
EFr
EFo
EDr
EDc
EDo
-
-
-
-
()
0.1
350 /
250 /
30
6
25
HQ
RfD
risk characterization risk manager HQ
HQ 1
HQ 1
(risk)
(CDI)
risk
risk 10-6
72
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Aniline
Arsenic
Asbestos
Cadmium
Cresol
DDT
Dieldrin
Formaldehyde
Mercury
Methyl bromide
Methomyl
Monocrotophos
Monosodium glutamate
Methyl parathion
Nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds
Paraquot
PCBs, Polychlorinated biphenyls
Propoxur
Styrene
Tin and organotin compounds
Toluene
Triclopyr
Vinyl chloride
Xylene
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Benzo (a) anthracene
Benzo (a) pyrene
Chlordane
p-Dioxin
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Methylene chloride
Pentachlorophenol
Phenol
1,1,1-trichloroethane
2,4,5-T
Aldrin
CFC, Chlorofluorocarbon
Crocidolite
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Lindane
PAHs, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
TPH, Total petroleum hydrocarbons
tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
Endrin
Methamidophos
Methyl acrylate
Methyl-tert-butyl ether
Parathion
Phosphamidon
PBB, Polybrominated biphenyls
PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PCT, polychlorinated terphenyls
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene oxide
Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Toxaphene
Benzidine
Bromacil
METHYL METHACRYLATE
73
()
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzilate
Endosulfan
Lead
Maleic hydrazide
Potassium chlorate
Trichloroethylene
Aldicarb
Chloroform
2,3-dibromo-1-propanol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
1,3-butadiene
Carbofuran
Cyanide
Dicrotophos
2,3-Dinitrotoluene
Ammonia
Dichlorvos
Dimethoate
Methyl ethyl ketone
Phosgene
Propylene oxide
74
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
Acetone
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Formetanate
Nitric acid
Tetrachloroethylene
Hexabromobiphenyl
pentabromodiphenyl ether
Perfluorooctane sulfonate
Ethoprophos
Methidathion
Oxamyl
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Chlordecone
Pentachlorobenzene
Blasticidin-S
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
N-Methylformamide
Chlorine
alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Methyl methacrylate
Octabromodiphenyl ether