Kalkulus 2

Dr. Marzuki Silalahi, MT.

Session 9

Bernoulli and Exact first order

ODEs

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 Bernoulli and Exact first order ODEs

o Bernoulli Differensial Equation,

o Exact Differential Equation.

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 Bernoulli Differensial Equation

First order Linier Differential Equation

General form:
dy
 P( x) y  Q( x)
dx
General solution :

ye  
 P ( x ) dx
{ Q( x).e
P ( x ) dx
dx  C}

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Example
Evaluate the following differential equation:
dy
1.  x y  3 x
dx
solution :
General solution
-  P(x) 
{ Q( x)e
P ( x ) dx
ye dx  C}
  xdx 

xdx
ye 3xe dx  C
1 1 2
 x2 x
y e 2 {  3xe dx  C}
2

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note:
Let u =x^2,
du = 2xdx
dx = du/2

1 2
1

   du / 2
z u
ze dz e
0 0
1 u 1 z2
 e  e
2 2

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 1 1 2
 x2 x
y e 2 {  3xe dx  C}
2

1 z2
 e du / 2  e
u
2
1
 x2 3 2
 e 2 ( ez  C)
2
1
3  x2
y   Ce 2
2
is a differenti al equation solution.

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 dy 2
2.  y3x
dx x
solution :
General solution
ye { Q( x)e 
- P(x) P ( x ) dx
dx  C}
2 2
  dx  x dx
y e x {  3 xe dx  C
y  e 2 ln x { 3 xe 2 ln x dx  C}
y  x 2 (  3x( x 2 )dx  C)
3 3
y  x  2 ( x 4  C )  x 2  Cx  2
4 4

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 Bernoulli Differential Equation

o General form:

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o Let

o The differential equation become:

First orde Diff. eq. in u

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General solution:

where

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Examples:

1. Evaluate the following differential equation:

Solution
Divided by :

Let

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o Diffe. Eq. will become:

o First order Diff. eq.

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General solution:

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2. Evaluate the following diff. eq.:

Solution:
Divided by

Let

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The diff. eq. will become:

First order diff. eq. in u

General solution:

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 Exact Differential Equation

o General form:
m(x,y) dx + n(x,y) dy = 0
if condition is satisfied, then

Procedure for solution:

Find function F(x,y)=C which is satisfied the diff. eq. so
that

Then: and

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o The function is derived towards y and is equal to
n(x,y) to get Q(y). So the solution of F(x,y) is found.

Examples:
1. Evaluate the diff. eq. :

Solotion:

Become exact Diff. eq.

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o Solution:

So,

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2. Evaluate Diff. eq. :

Solution:

Exact Diff. Eq.

So,

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 Problems

1. Evaluate the following Diff. eq.:

2. Evaluate the diff. eq:

3. Evaluate the diff. eq. :

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4. Evaluate the following Diff. eq.:

5. Evaluate the following Diff. eq.:

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Thank You

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