Group 2

1. Mai Nguyễn Minh Hạnh 17128041

2. Nguyễn Thị Kim Nguyên 17128089
3. Nguyễn Ngọc Khánh Như 17128099
4. Nguyễn Thị Anh Thơ 17128128
5. Nguyễn Vũ Anh Thư 17128133
1. What is an adjective?
• Used to describe or modify noun or pronouns.
• Can describe a person, animal, place, thing or
tell the number or quantity of the noun.
2. Adjective – forming suffixes
Adjective – forming suffixes are derivational suffixes
(which change the words or morphemes to adj).
Achieve, achievement, achievable
Evaporate, evaporating, evaporation
 3. Rules
Suffix Rules + Exceptions Example word Adjective form
-Add -y as a suffix -Hair -Hairy
-y
-If ending has an ‘e’, remove it -Imagine -Imaginary
-Add -al as a suffix -Tragic -Tragical
-al -If ending has an e, remove it and -Nature -Natural
add -al or -ial or -ual -Intention -Intentional
-Earth -Earthly
-ly -Add -ly as a suffix
-Kind -Kindly
-Add -ful as a suffix -Beauty -Beautiful
-ful
-If ending in -ty, replace it with i -Dread -Dreadful
-Add -ory as a suffix -Introduction -Introductory
-ory
-If ending has an ‘e’, remove it -Advise -Advisory
-Add -ic as a suffix -Artist -Artistic
-ic
-If ending in -y, remove it -Energy -Energetic
-Child -Childish
-ish -Add -ish as a suffix
-Brown -Brownish
 3. Rules
Suffix Rules + Exceptions Example word Adjective form
-Add -ous as a suffix
-Glamour -Glamourous
-If ending in -y, remove it
-Fame -Famous
-ous -If ending has an ‘e’, remove it
-Mystery -Mysterious
-Sometimes, words ending with -cle
-Miracle -Miraculous
are replaced by -cul
-Add -ive as a suffix
-Description -Descriptive
-ive -If ending in -ion, remove it
-Impulse -Impulsive
-If ending in -e, remove
-Black -Blacken
-en -Add -en as a suffix
-Silk -Silken
-Trouble -Troublesome
-some -Add -some as a suffix -Dark -Darksome
-Whole -Wholesome
-Child -Childless
-less -Add -less as a suffix -Brain -Brainless
-Shame -Shameless
 4. Formation of adjectives
Adjectives take many forms. Some common adjective are formed
when we add a suffix to a noun or verb or even adjective.
4.1 Adjectives formed from Nouns

Suffixes Meaning Examples

-al / -ial Pertaining to Professional, regional, original

-ful Notable for, marked of Beautiful, powerful, hopeful

-less Without Hopeless, careless, harmless

-ly The nature of Friendly, lovely, costly

-y Characterized by, tending to Cloudy, windy, dirty

-en Made of Wooden, woolen, golden

-ish The quality of Childish, boyish, foolish

4.1 Adjectives formed from Nouns

Suffixes Meaning Examples

-ish From place English, Spanish, Swedish

-like Similar to Childlike, dreamlike, warlike

-esque In the style of Picturesque, Romanesque, Arabesque

-ic Pertaining to Economic, photographic, basic

-ical Relating to Musical, political, historical

-ary Relating to quality or place Customary, dietary, honorary

-an / -ian Related to Suburban, agrarian, simian

-ate Emphasize Passionate

-ese Belong to Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese

-ose Full of Verbose, glucose, bellicose

Let’s use some of these adjectives made from nouns in
sentences to further understand their usage:

• My cousin is envious of my swimming skills.

• The weather is getting stormy in Atlantic ocean.
• The cherry blossom flower growth all around Japan is natural.
4.2 Adjectives formed from Verbs

Suffixes Meaning Examples

-ous / -ious Characterized by Continuous, portentous, nutritious

-ing / -ed The quality of Exciting, interesting, exhausted, bored

-able Capable of Enjoyable, comfortable, usable

-ible Capable of Forcible, collectible, defensible

-ive Having the nature of Active, creative, attractive

-some Apt to Tiresome, lonesome, quarrelsome

-fic Causing Terrific, beatific

-ent / -ant Pertaining to Constituent, independent, important

-il / -ile Capable of Civil, docile, fragile

Let’s use some of these adjectives made from verbs in
sentences to further understand their usage:

• My grandmother is so forgetful, she forgot her own birthday.

• Our teacher is very helpful in our studies.
• Our cat, Mila is a very annoying sleeper.
 Adjectives formed from other Adjectives

Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective

Three Threesome Easy Easier

Green Greenish Funny Funnier

Weak Weakly Gentle Gentlest

Red Redden Fine Finest

The sky was reddish closer to the horizon today at dawn.

My sister is funnier than I am.
Eating green leafy vegetables is easier than dealing with falling ill.
There are some adjective- forming prefixes
which do not change part of word, also can the
derivational class – maintaining adjective –
forming prefixes.
• Ex: un-able (adj) ; a- moral (adj)
1. What is an adverb?
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective or
another adverb. In other words, adverbs describe
actions or other descriptive words.
• For example : He runs slowly.
• Here the word ‘slowly’ describes the action of running
and therefore, is an adverb.

2. Adverb – forming suffixes

Adverb- forming suffixes are the derivational suffixes
(which change the words or morphemes to adverb).
 3. Rules
3.1 Most of the times, an adverb is formed by adding ‘ly’ to an
adjective.
Ex: Quick → Quickly, Slow → Slowly

3.2 Sometimes, the adjective ends in ‘y’. In these cases, replace

the ‘y’ with ‘i’ and add ‘ly’.
Ex: Easy → Easily, Lucky → Luckily

3.3 In some cases, the adjective ends in ‘le’, ‘able’ or ‘ible’. In

these cases, replace the ‘e’ with ‘y’.
Ex: Gentle → Gently, Terrible → Terribly
 3. Rules
3.4 If the adjective ends in ‘ic’, then add ‘ally’. The exception is
‘public’. The adverb for ‘public’ is ‘publicly’.
Ex: Tragic → Tragically, Basic → Basically

3.5 For adjectives that end in ‘cal’, just add ‘ly’ to turn it into an
adverb.
Ex: Chemical → Chemically, Logical → Logically

NOTE: Some adverbs have the same form as their adjectives.

Some such words are: early, late, daily, far, close, fast, free,
high, low, long
4. Formation of Adverbs

Affixes Meaning Examples

Adj + -ly In a manner of Quickly, fluently, extremely

N + -ward Shows direction Forward, homeward

N + -ways Shows direction Sideways

N + -wise In a manner of Likewise, clockwise, lengthwise

N + -fully Full of Hopefully, carefully, peacefully

a- + N Shows direction ashore