Adjective

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Adverbs
Adjectives
•more easily identified by their
function than by their form
•main job is to modify nouns for the
purpose of embellishments or to
help distinguish it from other nouns
Adjectives
•derivational suffixes (-ive, -able,
-ible, - al, -ful, -ish)
•inflectional suffixes (-er, -est)
Adjectives
General guidelines for comparative and superlative
adjectives:

1 syllable – inflectional suffix –er and –est

3 or more syllables – use more and most
2 syllables
•If it ends with y – er/est
•If it doesn’t – more and most
Adjectives
Types of Adjectives based on whether or not they
lend themselves to comparison and modification:
 
•Gradable – have the capacity for degrees in their
meaning, so not only can they be compared, but
they can also be modified by other words, such as
very, quite, somewhat, exceedingly (intensifiers)
Adjectives
Types of Adjectives based on whether or not they lend
themselves to comparison and modification:
  
•Nongradable – adjectives that don’t lend themselves to
comparison and modification. They are absolute in
meaning and have no degrees.
 
While theoretically the distinction between the true is
clear, in practice it is blurred.
Adjectives
Types of Adjectives based on how they
modify nouns

•Attributive adjective – it directly precedes

the noun. It is an optional adjective before
the noun
Adjectives
Types of Adjectives based on how they modify
nouns
•Predicate adjective – it is part of the predicate
• Subject complement – predicate adjectives that
modify a subject noun phrase via a linking verb
• Object complement – predicate adjectives that
modify object noun phrases
Adjectives
Types of Adjectives based on how they modify
nouns
•Predicate adjective – it is part of the predicate
• Subject complement – predicate adjectives that
modify a subject noun phrase via a linking verb
• Object complement – predicate adjectives that
modify object noun phrases
Exercise 1
1. The angry mother scolded the child.
2. The music sounds funny.
3. I consider him intelligent.
4. He taught this lazy boy algebra.
5. You are intimidating.
6. We encountered an enthusiastic crowd.
7. The jury judged her innocent.
8. This stew tastes terrible.
9. My elderly aunt just died.
10.They have talented relatives.
Adjective Phrase
Like other lexical categories, adjectives can
serve as the heads of the phrases,
accompanied by modifiers of their own
•With an intensifier in:
• Predicate adjective - Subject complement
I am extremely upset.
Adjective Phrase
Like other lexical categories, adjectives can
serve as the heads of the phrases,
accompanied by modifiers of their own
•With an intensifier in:
• Predicate adjective - Object complement
He considered the question very annoying.
Adjective Phrase
Like other lexical categories, adjectives can
serve as the heads of the phrases,
accompanied by modifiers of their own
•With an intensifier in:
• Attributive
That is a somewhat unusual request.
Adjective Phrase
•With adjective complements
(completes something)
She was afraid to respond.
I am sorry to upset you.
They are adept at lying.
Adjective Phrase
•With other adjectives in a string of adjectives
The Royal Order of Adjectives
•Determiner—articles (a, an, the), possessives (your, his, her, my, their, our), number (ten, several,
some), demonstratives (this, that, those, these)
•Observation or Opinion—cold, ugly, tasty, heroic, retired, carefree, enthusiastic, soft, opinionated,
priceless
•Size—huge, minuscule, petite
•Shape—square, oblong, circular
•Age—ancient, old, young
•Color—green, gray, yellow
•Origin—British, Albanian, Hawaiian
•Material—wooden, velvet, plastic, aluminum
•Qualifier—typically a noun used as an adjective to identify the type of the noun—
hound dog, evening gown, bumper crop—or an adjective ending in -ing that describes a noun’s
purpose—adding machine, walking stick,marching orders
Exercise 2
1. I found a small glass bottle.
2. These results are interestingly deceptive.
3. She was tired of listening.
4. Anne seems unusually cheerful today.
5. A rather odd character appeared at my door.
6. He is suspicious of doctors.
7. You should be kind to others.
8. The gardener planted a short round prickly bush in my
courtyard.
Adverb
•Several different things are given the
name adverb in grammatical
description
•They may have the derivational suffix –
ly
•They are open to comparison
Adverb
•Flat adverbs - one syllable adverbs and
have the same form as their
corresponding adjectives
Adverb
Four distinct functions of adverbs:
1.Modify verbs – time, place, manner
2.Modify adjectives – intensifiers
3.Modify other adverbs – intensifiers
4.Modify sentences – sentence adverbs
Exercise 3
1. Amazingly, we got all the answers right.
2. Betty searched laboriously through the manuscripts.
3. You are being very silly.
4. I’ll see you tomorrow.
5. However, the value of your stocks are down.
6. The politician spoke quite sincerely.
7. Stay here for the night.
8. The child sobbed uncontrollably.
9. Truthfully, I don’t want to help you.
10.Slowly, Maxine approached the bobcat.
Exercise 4
1. The choir sings too loud.
2. The band sounds too loud.
3. The men work hard.
4. The rock feels hard.
5. The race car is fast.
6. The athlete runs fast.
7. The turtle seems slow.
8. The turtle walks slow.
Adverb
1.Is all well and good?
A. Action verb + adverb
B. Linking verb + adjective
Adverb
    Comparative Superlative

Adjective Good Better Best

Adverb Well Better Best
Adjective Bad Worse Worst
Adverb Badly Worse worst
Adverb Phrase
Functions as single adverb but contain
modifiers of the adverb
•With an intensifier
Lou speaks rather fast.
Proceed very cautiously.
Adverb Phrase
Functions as single adverb but contain
modifiers of the adverb
•With an adverb complement
Fortunately for us, the package arrived early.
Mike works harder than a beaver.
She walked haughtily as a queen.
Exercise 5
1. Her cat rather quickly learned to catch mice.
2. The deer runs faster than the antelope.
3. This tailor very meticulously removed the
stitches.
4. The patient stared as blankly as a zombie.
5. Fortunately for him, the meter reader never
returned.
THANK
YOU!