00.

AKUPUNKTUR F 4
Pathophysiology of Pain
What is pain?

An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with

actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such
damage. Pain is always subjective.
Each individual learns the application of the word through
experiences related to injury in early life. It is unquestionably a
sensation in a part of the body, but it is also unpleasant, and
therefore also an emotional experience.
Many people report pain in the absence of tissue damage or any
likely pathophysiological cause; usually this happens for
psychological reasons.
(IASP. Pain 1979(6)249-252, ex Shipton, 1993)
Based on clinical characteristics, inferences can be made
about the predominating types of mechanisms
sustaining pain. A classification based on inferred
pathophysiology broadly divides pain syndromes into
nociceptive,
neuropathic,
psychogenic,
mixed, or
idiopathic.
Acupuncture points can be accurately located with
acupuncture point-finders that measure ohms to determine
point location.
Acupuncture channels show up as a different color than
surrounding tissue on photographs taken with infrared
imaging.
 Shen

Titik Lokal
Titik Ahse Qi
Titik Usu
Titik Yuan
Akupunktur Titik Luo Qi Qi
Titik Xi
Organ
Titik Shu Meridian
Titik Mu Cang Fu
Titik
Dominan
Titik Induk
Qi

Qi
Jaringan

Akupunktur Klasik
From: www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/e-
books/pdf/131.pdf
THEORY AND BASIC SCIENCE p.69-83
 CORTEX

THALAMUS

HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY ANALGESIA
ENDORFIN BLOOD-
CSF HOMEOSTASIS :
IMMUNE SYST
PAG ACTH etc C.V. SYST
RESP SYST
TISSUE HEALING

NRM-NRPG
SKIN
NEEDLE
HISTAMIN R
SEROTONIN
DLT HORMONES
KININ
LIMFOKIN DNIC
LEUKOTRIN AFFERENTS
PROSTAGLANDI ENK SE NE MODIFY PAIN
CORTI
N DYN SENSATION
SOL
IMMUNE
REACTION
ALT
ORGAN
AUTONOMIC
MOTOR
GAMMA LOOP
BLOOD
MOTOR SPINAL CORD
MUSCLE
Headache is a term used to describe aching or pain that occurs in one or
more areas of the head, face, mouth, or neck.
Headache can be chronic, recurrent, or occasional. The pain can be mild
or severe enough to disrupt daily activities.
Headache involves the network of nerve fibers in the tissues, muscles,
and blood vessels located in the head and at the base of the skull.
• Primary headache accounts for about 90% of all headaches.
There are three types of primary headache : tension
headache, cluster headache, and migraine.

• Tension headache is the most common type of primary

headache. Episodes usually begin in middle age and are often
associated with the stresses, anxiety, and depression that can
develop during these years.

• Cluster headaches occur daily over a period of weeks,

sometimes months. They may disappear and then recur
during the same season in the following year.
• Tension headaches - Are the most common type of headache. They are often
accompanied by tension in the muscles of the head, neck, and shoulders. The
pain from tension headaches is a constant, dull pain and is often described as
a band squeezing around the head, like a tight hat. The pain is not
incapacitating and usually occurs on both sides of the head. Tension
headaches come on gradually and can last from hours to days.

• Cluster headaches - Are less common than other kinds of headaches and occur
more often in men than in women. Cluster headaches come on suddenly with
severe pain centered around one eye, which becomes watery. Nasal
congestion may occur on the same side of the face. These headaches usually
last about 45 minutes and can occur several times a day. Cluster headaches
typically occur over a period of weeks or months, known as a cluster period,
and then disappear for weeks or months until the next cluster occurs.
• Migraine headaches - Are less common than tension headaches. They are
more common in women than in men and can be debilitating. Migraines
are episodic disabling headaches that may recur over years. Migraine
sufferers often become nauseous and are sensitive to light and loud
sounds during an episode. Some people can tell when they are about to
have a migraine headache because they experience certain symptoms,
called an aura, before the headache occurs. These symptoms can include
visual disturbances such as seeing spots or stripes and blurred vision.
• Secondary headache is associated with an underlying
condition such as cerebrovascular disease, head trauma,
infection, tumor, and metabolic disorder (e.g., diabetes,
thyroid disease).
• Head pain also can result from syndromes involving the eyes,
ears, neck, teeth, or sinuses. In these cases, the underlying
condition must be diagnosed and treated.
• Also, certain types of medication produce headache as a side
effect.
• Some researchers believe that a low level of endorphins
may cause frequent, severe, or chronic headache pain.
Endorphins are painkilling compounds found in the brain.

• Acupuncture is a very useful treatment. It can balance

underlying hormonal deficiencies, tonify the gastrointestinal
system, and calm reactive blood vessels. It can support the
balancing required in any healing process.
(Healthcommunities.com, Inc.)
Pemilihan Titik :
- Titik nyeri lokal
- Fengchi (GB 20)
- Hegu (LI 4)
• Maturnuwun WASSALAAM