GREETINGS!

Prayer …
OBJECTIVES
DIGEST
SYNOPSIS
PRÉCIS
• Summarize the content of an
academic text ;and
• write a précis/abstract/summary
of texts in the various disciplines
Imagine your academic life without you
having a knowledge of outlining,
summarizing and other study skills.

Why are these skills necessary?

Why should we learn these study skills?
 KNOW WANT LEARN
What do I know What do I want
about to Learn about
summarizing, these study
precis writing skills?
and abstract
writing?
 • KDP/SUM
SUMMARY • VISION
TEST/4MUSTS

• 5 FINGER
STUDY PARAPHRASE TEST
SKILLS • 4 MUSTS

• read and
PRÉCIS/ reread
ABSTRACT
• ¼ of the
original
SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING PRECIS/ABSTRACT
HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS
AND RECCOMENDATIONS
This is the last chapter of the research or
thesis and the most important part because
it is where the findings, and the whole
thesis for that matter are summarized;
generalizations in the form of conclusions
are made; and the recommendations for
the solution of problems discovered in the
study are addressed to those concern.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Guidelines in writing the summary of findings. The
following should be the characteristics of the
summary of findings;

1. There should be a brief statement about the main

purpose of the study, the population or respondents,
the period of the study, the method of research
used, the research instrument, and the sampling
design. There should be no explanations made.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Guidelines in writing the summary of findings. The
following should be the characteristics of the
summary of findings;

2.The findings may be lumped up all together but

clarify demands that each specific question under
the statement of the problem must be written first
to be followed by the findings that would be answer
it. The specific questions should follow the order
they are given under the statement of the problem.
Example: How qualified are the teachers handling
science in high schools of Province A?

Of the 59 teachers,31 or 53. 54 percent were

BSE graduates and three or 5.08 percent were MA
degree holders. The rest, 25 or 42.37 percent, were
non BSE baccalaureate degree holders with at least
18 education units. Less than half of all the teachers,
only 27 or 45.76 percent were science majors and the
majority,32 or 54.24 percent were non-science
majors.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Guidelines in writing the summary of findings. The
following should be the characteristics of the
summary of findings;
3. The findings should be textual generalizations, that is, a
summary of the important data consisting of text and
numbers. Every statement of fact consist of words,
numbers, or statistical measurements woven into a
meaningful statement. No deduction, nor inference nor
interpretation should be made otherwise it will only be
duplicated in the conclusion. ( Same example as that of
number 2)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Guidelines in writing the summary of findings. The
following should be the characteristics of the
summary of findings;
4. Only the important findings, the highlights
of the data, should be included in the
summary, especially those upon which the
conclusion should be based.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Guidelines in writing the summary of findings. The
following should be the characteristics of the
summary of findings;

5. Findings are not explained nor elaborated upon

anymore. They should be stated as concisely as
possible.

6. No new data should be introduced in the

summary of findings.
CHAPTER 5,SAMPLE
ABSTRACT as part of a
Research Report
ABSTRACT
-contains the summary of the research
findings and conclusion. It briefly presents
the context of the study, research questions
or the objectives, methodology, major
findings, conclusions and sometimes
implications. An abstract contain any citation
or a great deal of statistical results. Its length
ranges from 100 to 300 words.
Abstract sample 1
Abstract sample 2
Abstract sample 3
The following research
abstract adopted from
Siangco-Wakat (2017) gives
summary of a 15-page
research article.
This qualitative study explored the use of doodling to surface experiences in
the psychological phenomenon of language anxiety in an English classroom. It
treated the doodles of 192 freshmen from a premier university in Northern
Luzon, Philippines. Further it made use of phenomenological reduction in
analyzing the data gathered. Findings reveal that doodling can be an effective
tool in surfacing experiences of a psychological phenomena, such as language
anxiety, although this may not be generalizable. The gathered doodles show
that English Language learners go through shimming and shaming
experiences ,specifically buffing, baffling, shutting, sweating, shivering, and
shattering. The findings of the study can benefit teachers for they can use
doodling, a non-verbal tool, in generating the classroom experiences of their
students. More so, the anxiety experiences unveil in this study will help
language teachers realize the impact of language anxiety on English Learners.
 ?
1.Context of the study

?
2.Research questions/
objectives

?
3.Methodology
?
4.Major findings
?
5.Conclusions/implications
Worksheet Time!
Activity 1
Abstract Analysis
Activity 2
More Abstract Analysis
Activity 3
News Clipping (Precis Writing)
Home Reading Activity
Using the EAAP Reader’s article “On
Various Ways of Thinking,” students
will come up with a precis or summary
of each of the paragraphs of the text.
• Completing the KWL chart:
What did we learn?

• Sentence Completion

I could use the concepts I learned today by

____________________________________.
I also realized that
____________________________________.
FORMATIVE TEST

AGREE OR DISAGREE
1.There are several forms of summary: synopsis,
abstract, resume précis and abstract.
2.The 4 musts concept applies to all forms of
summary.
3.The study skills, summarizing and précis writing,
are not always applicable in research writing.
4.When the researcher writes the summary of the
research, he/she could still give further
explanation.
5. The central aim of précis/abstract writing is
condensation.
6.The original material may be shorter than the précis.
7. You could change the point of view in précis/abstract
writing.
8.A good precis should not have too many words of the
author’s words and phrases.
9. Only the essential materials should be retained when
writing abstract and précis.
10. The original arrangement of ideas should also be
retained when writing a précis.