PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

GROUP 6

ARELLANO, Joemari T.
FABROA, Jerald
CAPADOSA, Joycie A.
LISING, Ro-je Andrei D.
MONTE, Joshua G.
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
• A system that uses compressed air to transmit and control
energy.
• It is a collection of interconnected components using
compressed air to do work for automated equipment.
• Pneumatic system are used in controlling train doors,
automatic production lines, and mechanical clamps.
• Also used in industry; are commonly powered
by compressed or air compressed inert gases.
• A pneumatic system is a collection of interconnected
components using compressed air to do work for automated
equipment.
HISTORY
HISTORY

• Pneumatics came from the Greek word pneuma means “breath of life”.
• The first use of a form of pneumatic technology can be traced back in many
thousands of years. Ancient Greek Mathematician named Hero of
Alexandria wrote about his inventions about how he used wind to generate
power and transport objects.
• 1600s
German Physicist Otto von Guericke invented a vacuum pump, a
device that can draw out air or gas from the attached vessel. He
demonstrated the vacuum pump to separate the pairs of copper
hemispheres using air pressures.
Hero of Alexandria Aeolipile
Otto von Guericke Vacuum Pump
HISTORY

• 1829
invented compound air compressor, which compresses air in a series
of cylinders
• 1867
the first major functional development. American inventor, Alfred
Beach who built pneumatic subway in New York. He showed to the
people how the passengers could be transported with the pneumatic
powers. 1870 to be the first of its kind in America, it’s just terminated
after just a few months.
• 1871
invented the pneumatic drill by Samuel Ingersoll
Alfred Beach Beach Train
HISTORY

• 1872
improved compressor technology were cooled by water to improve
the efficiency. Invention of water-jacketed cylinders.

• 1890
invented pneumatic-powered hammer by Charles Brady.

John Wanamaker, an illustrious American merchant, become the first

to introduce pneumatic tubes in United States Post Office to quickly
transport letters from one area of the building to another. He also
introduced the system in his department store.
John Wanamaker Old Pneumatic Drill
HISTORY
• 1900s
Further evolution of pneumatics as components were used for
the first time in Jet Engines in the form of centrifugal and axial
flow compressors.

Further developments took place throughout the century with

advancements in labor-saving devices in the form of machinery
that would assist or even reduce the need for manpower as well
as automatic machinery, tools and control systems.

• 1960s
first digitally controlled pneumatic components began to enter
the market
HISTORY
• Pneumatics today
Pneumatics plays an essential role in airplanes to stabilize
gauges in the event of an electrical failure. This in turn
enables the pilot to still have a clear understanding of and
control over the important figures that will help him land the
plane safely.

Modern pneumatic cylinders offer fast, accurate power for

low-pressure applications, giving a variety of industries,
from packaging to amusement park rides and medical
devices to automation control, simple, safe and powerful
controls.
PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

• Air is usually pumped into a receiver using a compressor.

• The receiver holds a large volume of compressed air to be used by
the pneumatic system as needed.
• Atmospheric air contains airborne dirt, water vapor, and other
contaminants, so filters and air dryers are often used in pneumatic
systems to keep compressed air clean and dry, which improve
reliability and service life of the components and system.
• Pneumatic systems also use a variety of valves for controlling
direction, pressure, and speed of actuators.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• Pneumatic control systems are designed as pneumatic circuits. These
circuits are formed with various components like pneumatic valves,
cylinders, and directional control valves.

• A pneumatic circuit has two primary functions: ​

1) Using one valve to control other valves
2) For controlling the release and injections of compressed air
inside a cylinder

• There are three scientific principles involved in each type of fluid systems.
These include the following:
1) Fluids can be compressed
2) Fluids can flow
3) Pressure differences can cause movement
COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS

• Compressor
High pressure air can be produced using piston, screw or
vane compressors
• Receiver
The function of the receiver is to store the air for future use, to
smooth uneven pressure and to allow water to fall out of the air
to the bottom of the tank where it can be drained.
• Filter
Filters are used to remove small particles from the air which, if
allowed to remain, would block small ports and jam spools etc.
COMPONENTS

• Regulator
A pressure regulator is used to raise or lower the pressure for
the system components.

• Manifold
This enables several components to be connected to the
compressed air source and provides a means of switching
circuits on and off..
COMPONENTS

• Air Bleed
This is simply an open pipe that allows the air in the circuit to
escape once pressure is reduced by a diaphragm valve.

• Air Pipes
The air produced by the compressor is distributed by air lines
or pipe-work to the points where it is required.
 MODES OF
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
MODES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

• Dilute Phase
The dilute-phase conveying system relies on the
airstream’s velocity to pick up and entrain each particle,
keeping the particles in suspension throughout the
conveying line.

It operates at a relatively high velocity at a relatively low

pressure differential.
MODES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
MODES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

• Dense Phase
An ideal dense-phase conveying system would extrude
material with enough pressure to transfer it in one long,
continuous piece through the pipeline’s entire length, just
like a continuous length of ground meat inside a sausage
casing. But with dry bulk materials like powders and
granules, this usually isn’t possible because of the
material’s high frictional resistance against the conveying
lines inside wall. Instead, air and material flows through
the line in any of several patterns (including various forms
of two-phase flow and slug flow).
MODES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
While various dense-phase conveying system types are
available, all uses are relatively high pressure differential
with a relatively low air velocity. The most common
dense-phase system type provides batch transfer using a
transporter (also called a blow tank or pressure tank). In
this system, material from a storage vessel is loaded by
gravity into the transporter. After the transporter is full, its
material inlet valve and vent valve are closed and
compressed air is metered into the transporter. The
compressed air extrudes the material from the transporter
into the conveying line and to the destination. Once the
transporter and conveying line are empty, the compressed
air is turned off and the transporter is reloaded .This cycle
continues until all the material required for the process
has been transferred.
MODES OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS

• Manufacturing industries, Automotive industry, machine tool

manufacturers and domestic and commercial appliance
manufacturers.

• Processing industries, such as chemical, petrochemical, food

processing, textiles, paper, etc.

• Used in the brake system of automobiles, railway coaches,

wagons and printing presses.
APPLICATIONS

• Automobile industry use pneumatic systems for dismantling

vehicle tire, filling compressed air in the tire, vehicle painting,
opening and closing of doors, air brakes on heavy vehicles, etc.

• Pneumatics is used to transport goods from shelf to other

location inside the company. The cylinder will push the item on
the shelf into the moving belt if the button is pushed.
 MATERIAL MANUFACTURING OTHER APPLICATIONS
HANDLING
• Clamping • Drilling • Aircraft
• Shifting • Turning • Cement Plants
• Positioning • Milling • Chemical Plants
• Orienting • Sawing • Coal Mines
• Feeding • Finishing • Cotton Mills
• Ejection • Forming • Dairies
• Braking • Quality Control • Forge Shops
• Bonding • Stamping • Machine Tools
• Locking • Embossing • Door Control
• Packaging • Filling • Turning Parts
• Sorting
• Stacking
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

• Low inertia effect of pneumatic components due to low density

of air.
• Pneumatic Systems are light in weight.
• Operating elements are cheaper and easy to operate
• Power losses are less due to low viscosity of air
• High output to weight ratio
• Pneumatic systems offer a safe power source in explosive
environment
• Leakage is less and does not influence the systems Moreover,
leakage is not harmful
DISADVANTAGES
• Suitable only for low pressure and hence low force applications
• Compressed air actuators are economical up to 50 KN only
• Generation of the compressed air is expensive compared to
electricity
• Exhaust air noise is unpleasant and silence has to be used
• Rigidity of the system is poor
• Weight to pressure ratio is large
• Less precise. It is not possible to achieve uniform speed due to
compressibility of air
• Pneumatic systems is vulnerable to dirt and contamination
THANK YOU!
LINKS

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A127je_frto

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzK6tmCiZNk

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N___BtXFQzk

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41Pxr8edtvU

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5-1RvkMIjs

• https://www.explainthatstuff.com/pneumatics.html