SWEETENERS

Course: Introduction to Food Science and Technology

Submitted to: Dr. Nguyen Vu Hong Ha
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 Group’s members
1. Nguyẽ n Thị Vân Anh BTFTIU16004
2. Trầ n Trịnh Thanh Hiè n BTFTIU16010
3. Lê Vũ Như Minh BTFTIU16017
4. Đỗ Thị Minh Nguyẹ t BTFTIU16047
5. Nguyẽ n Thanh Nhi BTFTIU16049

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 CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION

II. CLASSIFICATION
• Natural sweetener
• Alternative sweetener

III. SUMMARY

IV. REFERNCES
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 Introduction

Definition: sweetener is a food additive which adds the basic taste of sweetness to a food,
provides texture, bulking properties, aroma and color.

• Sugar is a major sweeteners in food industry

• Sugar is used to prolong food shelf life Example: fruits and vegetables, cooking spices.
• Sugar is also used in bakery, confectionery, jelly, soft drinks and fermented beverages.
Alternative
sweetener
CLASSIFICATION SWEETENER
Natural
sweetener

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Difference Between Natural and Artificial Sweeteners

NATURAL ALTERNATIVE SWEETENERS

SWEETENERS

More expensive cheap

More health benefits Many adverse health effects
Found in plants, honey, maple syrup, Chemical substances: Aspartame,
… Neotâme, Sâcchârin, …

Fructose & sugar alcohols: main Amino acids, peptides and sugar
sweet taste compounds alcohols: main sweet taste
compounds

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 NATURAL
SWEETENER

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 NATURAL SWEETENER
Definition:
• Exist or produced by nature
• Without added chemical/fancy machinery.
• The only sugars that are optimal to eat are wild, non-hybridized, seed fruit and the
natural sugars and starches in living vegetables, trees, seeds, nuts and roots.
Benefits:
• Provide an Immediate Burst of Energy
• Store Energy for Later
• Provide an Instant Mood Boost
• Support in Healthy diet
• Natural Sugar Sources Come With Added Nutrients

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Side effects:
NATURAL SWEETENER
• Quicker on set of Obesity
• Insulin resistance
• Diabetes
• Heart and Kidney diseases

Some common
natural sweeteners

Sugars Syrups
Sugars Alcohol
( Invert sugar,
(Monosaccharides, (Xylitol, Sorbitol, Mannitol,
Syrup from hydrolysis of starch,
Disaccharides) Lactitol, Maltitol)
Honey)
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NATURAL SWEETENER
Monosaccharide
• Characteristics:
 Soluble in water
 Hydroscopic ability
• Types of Monosaccharide

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 Some examples of natural sweeteners:
a. Sugars

 Glucose:
 Fructose
• Common monosaccharide in
• Also known âs "Fruit Sugâr“.
animals and plants.
• Main sources are many kinds of
• Presents much in grapes so it is
fruits, as well as honey.
âlso câlled “grâpe sugâr”.

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NATURAL SWEETENER
Disaccharides
• Characteristics:

✓ Solubility
Most in water, less in
Ethanol

• Types of Disaccharides

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 Some examples of natural sweeteners
a. Sugars

 Sucrose:  Lactose:
• Most important disaccharides in • Presents much in milk and dairy
food industry. products.
• Presents much in sugar cane. • Sweetness: less than Sucrose.

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 Some examples of natural sweeteners
b. Syrups
 Syrup
• A sweetener that dissolves in liquid more quickly and
easily than sugar.
• It often used in beverages.

Characteristics of syrup
• Sweetness.
• Liquid form, but comparable.
• Sugar containing added pharmaceutical or herbs,
medicines, fruit smoothies.
• Besides the effect of beverage, it can also be used as an
anti-cough medicines and throat effectively. 13
 Some examples of natural sweeteners

b. Syrup
 Syrup from hydrolysis of starch
• In the process of starch hydrolysis, producers often
use combinations with enzyme preparations
• The composition and content of substances in
syrup depend on the enzyme used and the relevant
parameters

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 Some examples of natural sweeteners
The composition of honey
Fructose (47-48%), Glucose
(40-45%), Saccharose (1-
4%), Maltose (4-6%)

0.27% Proteins, free amino

acid (0.05-0.10%).

The organic acids (malic acid 0.17-

1.17%): citric, gluconic and lactic.

The vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, A, E.

A few trace minerals: Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Cl, S.

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 Some examples of natural sweeteners
c. Sugar alcohol

 Xylitol
• Exist in powder, white crystal
• Odorless, sweet
• Used as a sweetener instead of sugar because the role
reduction of development of tooth decay
• Found in most plant material, including many fruits and
vegetables.

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 Some examples of natural sweeteners

 Xylitol
Now it widely used in food, pharmaceutical
products, mouth products all over the world.
• In the food, it's in the gum, hard candy.
• In pharmaceuticals and dental products,
it's in mouth wash, toothpaste cream.

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Some examples of natural sweeteners
Delicious
taste,
leaving no
unpleasant
aftertaste

A useful
Sweet taste
sweetener
equivalent
for
diabetics in
the diet
5 to
saccharose

Benefits
of Xylitol
Contribute
Reduced to reducing
dental the
ganglion development
formation of tooth
decay
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 Some examples of natural sweeteners

 Sorbitol
• Presents in some fruits
• In food, prevents the loss of moisture
• Application in candies, chocolate, cake to maintain the
structure
• Sweetness: less than Sucrose (60%), 1/3 energy of Table
sugars
• Suitable for people with diabetes

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ALTERNATIVE
SWEETENER

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 Alternative Sweeteners
1. Definition:
• Also called nonnutritive sweeteners.
• not carbohydrate based
• can enhance the flavor and/or texture of food
• contain very low in calories or contain no calories at all.
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some nonnutritive
sweeteners:
 acesulfame-K
 aspartame
 neotame
 saccharin
 sucralose
 stevia

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 Alternative Sweeteners
Relation to health
GOOD EFFECTS BAD EFFECTS
assist in weight loss Aspartame, for example, is not heat-stable
and should not be used in cooking or
baking.

protect people especially children from Saccharin and stevia are not safe for use by
dental decay pregnant or lactating women since it can
cause carcinogen.

limit diabetes people’s sugâr intâke Sugar substitutes leave a bitter aftertaste

alternative sweeteners can be chosen as Evidence of weight gain

alternative for reactive hypoglycemia.

May disrupt normal metabolism

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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some nonnutritive sweeteners:

acesulfame
-K

stevia aspartame

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NONNUTRITIVE
SWEETENERS

sucralose neotame

saccharin

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 Alternative Sweeteners

1. Aspartame (NutraSweet® and Equal®) E951

 Is an odorless white crystalline powder and has a clean sweet taste.

 Provide 4 kcal/g.

 Aftertaste: prolonged sweetness.

 ADI : 40 (mg/kg body weight).

 Sweeter 150-200 times than sucrose.

 Slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol

 Produced from the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid.

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 Alternative Sweeteners

Aspartame
• An excellent sweeteners for dry food products like
powered drinks or tabletop sweeteners.

• Can be easily used in chewing gum, instant coffee, tea,…

• Suitable for most soft drink, dairy products such as

yogurts, ice cream,..

• For soft drinks manufacture often mixes saccharin and

aspartame to increase the stability.

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 Alternative Sweeteners
2. Saccharin (Sweet’N Low®): (E954)
 A general used for saccharin, sodium saccharin and calcium saccharin.
 white crystalline powder table
 Stable at both high temperature (300oC ) and low temperature.
 300 times sweeter than sucrose.
 After taste : bitter metallic.
 ADI : 2.5 (mg/kg body weight).
 Soluble in water and ethanol.
 Produced by two methods:
 From Toluene and chlorosulfonic acid or methyl anthranilate.

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 Alternative Sweeteners
Saccharin
• Very stable under almost all food processing
condition, and have a long shelf life.

• Only non-caloric sweeteners stable during cooking and

baking.

• Saccharrin can be found in soda (≤12 milligrams per

fluid ounce of a drink),

• Fountd in Diet Coca-Cola, processed food (≤30

milligrams of saccharin per serving)

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 Alternative Sweeteners
3. Acesulfame-K (E950)

• Discovered in 1967
• Approved in 1988
• ADI = 15mg/kg
• 200 times sweeter than sucrose
• may cause premature delivery or affect the taste
preferences of babies whose mothers eat a lot of the
sweetener
• long-term use may impair brain function

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 Alternative Sweeteners
Products used Acesulfame-K

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 Alternative Sweeteners

4. Sucralose (E955)

• Discovered in 1967
• Approved in 1998
• ADI = 15mg/kg
• 600-650 times sweeter than sucrose
• Made by adding chlorine to sugar molecules
• Not absorbed, excreted in urine
• regularly eating these sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of high
blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and heart problems

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 Alternative Sweeteners
Products used Sucralose

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 Alternative Sweeteners

5. Neotame (E961)

• Approved in 2002
• ADI = under review
• 8000 times sweeter than sugar
• Made from aspartic acid and phenylalanine
• much safer than aspartame

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 Alternative Sweeteners
Products used Neotame

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 Alternative Sweeteners
6. Stevia (E960)
• Discovered centuries ago
• Approved in 2008
• Made by removing glycosides from stevia leaves
• Herbally it can be used by humans without negative effect
• Non-addictive sweetener for children

Products used Stevia

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 SUMMARY
Sweetener is a food additive which adds the basic taste of sweetness to a food, provides texture,
bulking properties, aroma and color.
Alternative
sweetener
SWEETENER
Natural
sweetener

Many people use artificial sweeteners because they think that they are cutting calories and
will lose weight. However, the fact that: They may even end up gaining weight.

Now, the artificial sweeteners have no harm , but we need to limit our use of food with
artificial sweeteners.

To live a healthier life, the best solution is using natural sweeteners

( there benefits of natural sweeteners are important and necessary to our bodies)

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 REFERENCES
• Helen West. 2017. What is acesulfame potassium, and is it good or bad
for you?
• Dr. Pham Van Hung. Lecture “Sweeteners”.

• https://www.livestrong.com/article/444353-negative-effects-of-artificial-
sweeteners/

• R.Tandel, K. (October-December 2011). Sugar substitutes: Health controversy over.

Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 236-243.
• Chattopadhyay, S; Raychaudhuri, U; Chakraborty, R (April 2014). "Artificial
sweeteners – a review". Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51 (4): 611–21.

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 THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION

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