PRESENTATION ON THE

SEMINAR TOPIC:-

MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRAINS.(MAGLEV

TRAINS).

BY:- TEJAS . A. KADAM

ENROLLMENT NO. 1404047 (TY MECH)
GUIDE NAME :-Prof. B. PRASAD
 INTRODUCTION
MAGLEV : THE PRINCIPLE

•MAGLEV is the principle used in working of

Maglev Trains.

•MAGLEV – Derived from magnet and levitation.

•Method of supporting and transporting objects which

is based on the physical property that the force
between two magnetized bodies is inversely
proportional to their distance.

•Magnetic force counterbalances the gravitational

pull between a magnet and a guideway.
HOW MAGLEV TRAINS WORKS
 SUPPORT SYSTEM
 The electromagnets on the
underside of the train pull it
up to the ferromagnetic
stators on the track and
levitate the train.
 The magnets on the side
keep the train from moving
from side to side.
 A computer changes the
amount of current to keep the
train 1 cm from the track.
This means there is no friction
between the train and the track!
 PROPULSION SYSTEM
 The system consists of aluminum
three-phase cable windings in the
stator packs that are on the
guideway.
 When a current is supplied to the
windings, it creates a traveling
alternating current that propels the
train forward by pushing and
pulling.
 PROPULSION SYSTEM (CONTD.)
 When the alternating current is reversed, the train brakes.

 Different speeds are achieved by varying the intensity of the current.

 Only the section of track where the train is traveling is electrified.

 LEVITATION
The passing of the superconducting magnets by figure eight levitation
coils on the side of the tract induces a current in the coils and creates a
magnetic field. This pushes the train upward so that it can levitate 10
cm above the track.
The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is equipped
with retractable wheels.
 L ATERAL GUIDANCE
When one side of the train nears the side of the
guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train
induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on
the side closer to the train and an attractive force from
the coils on the farther side. This keeps the train in the
center.
 LEVITATION SYSTEM’S POWER
SUPPLY
 Batteries on the train power the system, and therefore it still
functions without propulsion.

 The batteries can levitate the train for 30 minutes without any
additional energy.

 Linear generators in the magnets on board the train use the motion of
the train to recharge the batteries.

 Levitation system uses less power than the trains air conditioning.
 LITERATURE SURVEY OF MAGLEV TRAINS.
Transportation has always been a crucial aspect of human civilization reflecting
the level of general economical and technological advancement of a given society.
Transportation means of various kinds have been evolving for centuries leading to
faster, further, safer, and more cost efficient trips on roads, rail, on the water, or in the
air. It is, however, only in the second half of this century that the phenomenon of
traffic congestion becomes predominant due to the rapid increase of the number of
vehicles and increases in demand for virtually all modes of transportation.
Transportation has always been a crucial aspect of human civilization reflecting the
level of general economical and technological advancement of a given society. They
continued to refine their ideas, inventing the low-drag, null flux concept later
adopted by Japanese and Canadians for their guidance systems. In 1970, a 500-ft-
long test track containing 400 ft if continuous sheet aluminum guideway was built
by the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and later used to elevate an 1,100-lb test
vehicle levitated by superconducting magnets. In 1971, the Federal Railroad
Administration (FRA) awarded contracts to SRI and the Ford Motor Company for
parallel analytical and experimental studies of both electromagnetic suspension and
electrodynamic suspension systems and holds great promise for the future.The
magnetically levitated train has no wheels, but floats on an electromagnetic
wave. Their maintenance is less expensive than the trains. They are a lot better
than the trains we used today and run almost as fast as an airplane. Also, these
trains run on magnets, and therefore do not produce pollution, making them much
more environmentally safe.
 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF MAGLEV TRAINS.
Suspension control, traction control, and operation control technologies are
three key technologies of the electromagnetic suspension Maglev train.
Traction control and operational control in the wheel-rail transportation system
have been fully studied and applied. Compared with the suspension control
technology, the traction control and operation control technologies have
relatively matured .The low-speed EMS Maglev train uses the hierarchical
structure based on the module concept , and the module is an independent unit
that integrates the suspension, guidance, and traction functions. Two modules
form a bogie by the connection of anti-roll beams. Several bogies form the
suspension system of Maglev train through the interaction between
electromagnetic force and track. For the suspension control technology
research, we can choose a suspended end point, a module, or Maglev train as
the controlled object. The following several control schemes can be presented,
namely, single electromagnet suspension control scheme, suspension control
module scheme, control scheme, and overlapping suspension control scheme.
Concentrated Suspension Control Scheme bogie or Maglev train is
considered as a controlled object; a controller is adopted to complete its
suspension control.In order to ensure the redundancy of suspension system, the
over lapping suspension control scheme can be adopted for high-speed Maglev
train. Considering that the overlapping structure makes high-speed Maglev
train have the huge lower substructure, the systems weight and complexity and
the difficulty of control will increase.
 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MAGLEV TRAINS.
Many electro-mechanical motional systems include parts that
can move relative to the others. The analysis of its mechanical
dynamic characteristics is very important for the design of the
configuration and the control system. Because of the complexity
of the time-varying magnetic configuration, analytical method
can hardly obtain the dynamic performance. Therefore, analysis
of the electromagnetic field is necessary. To overcome this
problem, a fast solving technique for the mechanical dynamic
characteristic of electromechanical motional systems is also
proposed . It is proved that this method can be used for both
electromotional static and dynamic cases. To find the current and
optimize the system, analysis of the mechanical dynamic
characteristic is necessary. Numerical analysis method such as
finite element method employs time-stepping method to analyze
the dynamic characteristics.
 Less susceptible to congestion and weather conditions than air or highway.
 Petroleum Independence.
 Less Polluting.
 Maglev trains experience no rolling resistance, leaving only air resistance,
potentially improving power efficiency.
 Maglev trains produce less noise than a conventional train at equivalent
speeds.
 Faster trips, High speed, Less time.
 Eliminates the need for overhead wires compared to conventional trains.
 Average cost is 4 cents per passenger mile as compared to 13 cents per
passenger.
 Access to Maglev station is much easier than airports.
 Maglev schedule will not be disturbed due to bad weather.
 Large initial capital investment.

 Lack of human experience with Maglev technology.

 Designing of tracks.
 APPLICATION OF MAGLEV
 Maglev principle can be applied in two ways-

1. Electro-Magnetic Suspension (EMS) System

2. Electro-Dynamic Levitation (EDL) System

1. Electro-Magnetic Suspension (EMS) System

 It is attraction type of system.

 Magnet- guideway geometry is used to attract a direct-

current electromagnet towards the track.

 EMS levitates the train about one-third of an inch above

the guideway.

 Maglev train (Transrapid) in Germany works on EMS.

2. Electro-Dynamic Levitation (EDL) System

 It is repulsion type of system.

 Eddy currents are generated by superconducting coil

operating in persistent current mode.

 Eddy currents create a magnetic field and opposes the

magnetic field created by traveling coil by Lenz’s law.

 EDL levitates the train about 4 inches (10 cm) above the
guideway.

 Maglev train in Japan works on EDL.

 FUTURE SCOPE :-
This train is a great transportation method. This will run year round and will
be great for the economy and will get you where you need to go even faster than
ever. It will run better in cold climates because it runs faster and smoother in
cold weather. It takes less effort and does not produce CO2. This will help lots of
people because they can ride this train and not drive their car, which will save
the planet. With the research conducted it shows that maglev is a cost-effective,
environmentally sound, alternative transportation system with significant public
benefits.

CONCLUSION:-
In conclusion weather does affect the way a magnetic train levitates.
Temperature affects a magnetic levitating train because when its cold it
runs a lot faster, the magnets ride closer together and with less effort to
move ahead. The result in the end is temperature does affect how the
train runs.
THE END
THANKYOU
THANKYOU FOR LENDING YOUR EARS.