Community

Action
What is Community
Action?
It is any activity that
increases the
understanding,
engagement and
empowerment o
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 It includes a broad
range of activities and
is sometimes described
as ‘social action’ or
‘community
engagement’.
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Principles of
Community
Action
Open Doors and Leads
the Way
Community Action
provide access to
opportunities people
need to improve their
lives; to help
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Turns Hope into
Reality
✢It identifies the needs
of the entire
community, collaborate
with others in the
community, and take
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Empathizes
✢Staffs and
Volunteers are
from the
Community they 7
Treats People with
Respect
✢Treats
people the
way they
want to be 8
Says “YES”
✢If the activity or the
Community Action do
not provide the
needed service, we
link you to those who 9
Examples of activities/program/services:
Recycling Program
Blood drive

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Community
Engagement
12
 Community
✢
Engagement
Community engagement is
"a dynamic relational
process that facilitates
communication, interaction,
involvement, and exchange
between an organization and
a community for a range of 13
 In its simplest terms
community engagement
seeks to better engage the
community to achieve better
relationships, discourse,
decision-making, or
implementation with the
14
 It is a blend of
science and art
✢The science comes from
sociology, public policy,
political science, cultural
anthropology, organizational
development, psychology,
social- psychology,
community participation, 15
 It is a blend of
science and Art
✢The art comes from the
understanding, skill, and
sensitivity used to apply
and adapt the science in
ways that fit the
community and the
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The results of these efforts
may be defined differently
and can encompass a broad
range of structures (e.g.,
coalitions, partnerships,
collaborations).
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18
 Why Community
Engagement Matters
✢Citizens are ‘engaged’ when
they play a meaningful role in
the deliberations, discussions,
decision-making and/or
implementation of projects or
programs affecting them.
Increase the likelihood that 19
20
Community
Participation
✢This offer one set of
explanations as to why the
process of community
engagement might be
useful in addressing the
physical, interpersonal,
cultural and aspects of 21
This is a crucial element of community
engagement.
• Participation often leads to
improvements in the neighborhood
and community that make people
know and join voluntary
organizations.
• Create more effective solutions.
Drawing on local knowledge from a
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• Improve citizens’ knowledge and
skills in problem solving.
• Create several opportunities for
discussing concerns
• Increase trust in community
organizations and governance

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Examples of Community Projects:
• Collect Food
• Recycling Program
• Community Garden
• Volunteer
• Coach

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“My ideal is a society full of
responsible men and
women who show solidarity
to those who can't keep
up.”

Jacques Delors (1925 - )

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26
Solidar
ity
 Solidarity
✢ According to Encarta
Dictionary, Solidarity is a
mutual agreement and
support: harmony of
interests and
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• Solidarity is the acceptance of
our social nature and the
affirmation of the bonds we
share with all our brothers
and sisters.
• Social Virtue of Solidarity: The
willingness to practice
participation while starving
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• An awareness of shared
interest objective, standards,
and sympathies creating a
psychological sense of unity of
group or classes.
• Refers to the ties in a society
that bind people as one.
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 Human
Family
✢Solidarity is the realization
that we are interconnected
as one human family.
✢We created according to
God’s image
✢ People are being formed 31
 Passive Protesters
Supporters
Communicators
Apathetic
Inactive
Citizen’s Volunteerism
Community Social
Activities
Participation
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 Citizen's Social
Participation
1.Community Activist –
work with others on local
problems, have groups to
deal with problems,
active membership
community organization ,
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2. Apathetic Inactive – no
participatory activity, not
even voting.
3. Passive Supporters –
vote regularly, attends
patriotic parades, pay all
taxes but don’t indulge in
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3. Protesters – Join in
Public street
demonstration, protest
vigorously if a government
does something morally
wrong, attend protest
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5. Communicators – keep
informed about the state of
the nation, engage in
discussion, write letters to
the newspaper editors, send
support or protest messages
to national and local leaders.
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6. Volunteerism – an
essence of democracy
which refers to the
principle or system of
supporting, doing
something by voluntary
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Importance of
Solidarity
 Solidarity is more
than unions
✢It is about working with
people on the things that
matter to them. It is about
removing the boundaries
that prevent us from
working together. It is
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Solidarity is Defying
Boundaries
✢Boundaries can be
race, nationality,
wealth, and anything
upon segregation
can be created.
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 First, people on one side can’t
experience the privileges that are
largely arbitrary awarded to
people on the other side. Second,
that those on the latter side can’t
appreciate life on the first side,
and therefore feel they are
justified in their current position.
41
Solidarity is from
Communication to
Action
✢It can flow from
communication,
but it requires
action to become
a real and present 42
 What is the symbol of
Solidarity?
The raised fist, or the
clenched fist, is a symbol of
solidarity and support. It is
also used as a salute to
express unity, strength,
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 Types of Solidarity
(Emile Durkheim)
Mechanical Solidarity
✢The more primitive type. A
society is unified because all
people are generalists. The
bond among people is that
they are all engage in similar
activities and have similar 44
 Characteristics:
• Minimum division of labor.
• Collective consciousness.
• Lack of difference.
• High homogeneity and
unity.
• Unique personality
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 Type of
Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
✢A society is held together by the
differences among people, by the
fact that they have different tasks
and responsibilities
✢In organic solidarity labor is more
divided and on the other hand the
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 Characteristics:
• High division of labor.
• Human relationship like
human organ.
• High difference and
heterogeneity.
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48
✢
Citizenship
term citizen signified not
merely a resident of a town
but a free, governing
member of the state, just as
the Latin term civitas, from
which the English word city
is derived, signified not
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 In the Greek idea of citizenship,
expressed by Aristotle, citizens had the
right to participate in both the
legislative and judicial functions of their
political community. In modern practice,
citizenship doesn’t necessarily involve
the right of voting or other participation
in political activity, in the Greek
concept; minors may be citizens, but
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 6 Benefits of
Citizenship
✢Protection from deportation
✢Citizenship for your children
under 18
✢ Family Reunification
✢ Eligibility for Government
Jobs
✢ Freedom to Travel 51
The idea of citizenship has been
defined as the capacity of
individuals to defend their rights in
front of the governmental authority.
A person may have multiple
citizenships. A person who does not
have citizenship of any state is said
to be stateless, while one who lives
on state borders whose territorial
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 Alien (foreign citizen), in law, a
person residing in one country
while being a citizen of another. If
aliens do not become citizens by
naturalization, they do not possess
such political rights as voting and
holding public office. Most
countries distinguish between
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54
 Child Labor
✢Child labour is work that
deprives children of
their childhood, their
potential and their
dignity, and that is
harmful to physical and 55
 Chemical - work involves
exposure to: Dust (e.g. silica,
dust, standing dust), Liquid
(e.g. oil, gasoline, mercury),
Mist, fumes, or vapors (e.g.
paint, insecticides or
pesticide spraying), Gas (e.g.
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 Physical - work involves
exposure to: Noise,Temperature
or humidity, Pressure,
Inadequate illumination or
lighting, Slip, trip, or fall
hazards, Insufficient exit for
prompt escape, Congested lay-
out Radiation, ultraviolet, or
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 Biological - work
involves exposure to:
Viral, Bacterial, Fungal,
Parasitic (e.g. drinking
water affected with
amoeba), etc.
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59
 Malnutrition is a condition that
results from eating a diet in
which one or more nutrients are
either not enough or are too
much such that the diet causes
health problems. It may involve
calories, protein, carbohydrates,
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Informal
Settlers
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 Areas where a group of
housing units has been
constructed on land to
which the occupants have
no legal claim, or which
they occupy illegally.
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63
 Major Issues
Affecting Poor and
Marginalized
Community
Povert
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Poverty
✢condition in which a
person or community
lacks the financial
resources and
essentials for a
minimum standard of 66
• income level from
employment is so low that
basic human needs can't be
met.
• Poverty-stricken people and
families might go without
proper housing, clean water,
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Absolute
Poverty
✢Absolute poverty
refers to a set of
standard which is
consistent over
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 Relative
Poverty
✢Views poverty as socially and
dependent on social context,
hence it is a measure of
income inequality. Measured
as the percentage of
population with income less
than some fixed proportion of 69
Causes of
Poverty
1.INADEQUATE ACCESS TO
WATER AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD
a person doesn’t get enough
food, they simply don’t have
the strength and energy
needed to work, while lack of
access to food and clean water
can also lead to preventable
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2. LITTLE OR NO ACCESS
TO LIVELIHOODS OR JOBS
Without a job or a
way to make money,
people will face
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3. POOR EDUCATION
Many families can’t
afford to send their
children to school and
need them to work.
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4. LACK OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
Traveling farther
distances to access basic
services not only takes
time, it costs money,
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5. INEQUALITY There are many
different types of inequality in the
world, from economic to social
inequalities like gender, caste
systems, or tribal affiliations. But no
matter the inequality, it generally
means the same thing: unequal or
no access to the resources needed
to keep or lift a family out of poverty.
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Marginaliz
ation
 Marginalized
Communities
✢Socially excluded groups
of people for different
reasons, such as age,
physical or mental
disabilities, economic
status, access to
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• A group is denied
involvement in mainstream
economic, political, cultural
and social activities.
Marginalization or social
exclusion deprives a group of
its rightful share of reach to
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