SAMPLING

SAMPLING
 The process of selecting a
number of individuals for a
study in such a way that the
individuals represent the larger
group from which they were
selected
SAMPLE vs. POPULATION
 POPULATION- can be defined as
including all people or items that have
one or more characteristics in common
that are of interest to the researcher
 SAMPLE- a small portion or subset of the
population
- representative of the population
PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
1. EFFICIENCY- it is an efficient means
of ensuring the quality of data that
will be gathered
2. ECONOMY- economical and less
expensive
3. PRACTICALITY- practical when the
population is too large
PURPOSE OF SAMPLING
4. ACCURACY- sample may produce a
more accurate result than by using
the whole population
5. TIMELINESS- using a sample is
easier and faster to complete the
study than by using the whole
population
WHAT IS GOOD SAMPLE?
 The sample must be:
1. representative of the population
2. appropriately sized (the larger the
better)
3. unbiased
4. random (selections occur by
chance)
TYPES OF SAMPLING
1. PROBABILITY SAMPLING-
in this type of sampling, each
unit of the population has
known probability or equal
chance of being selected or
included in the sample
TYPES OF SAMPLING
2. NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING- in this type of
sampling, the probability that
each unit of the population will
be selected is not known nor
there is any assurance that
every unit has some chance of
being included in the sample.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
1. Simple random sampling
2. Systematic random
sampling
3. Stratified random sampling
4. Cluster sampling
TYPES OF NON-
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Purposive sampling
2. Convenience sampling
3. Quota sampling
4. Snowball sampling
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
- the basic and best known probability
sampling design
-It gives all members of a population
an equal probability or chance of being
chosen for the sample
Ex. Roulette wheel method, lottery method,
table of random numbers method (1000
or more population)
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
- the modified version of simple random
sampling
-Selecting every Kth subject from a list of the
- less time consuming and easier to
implement
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
- The population is divided into
two or more groups called strata,
according to some criterion, such as
geographic location, grade level, age,
or income, and subsamples are
randomly selected from each strata.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 CLUSTER SAMPLING
- The process of randomly selecting intact
groups, not individuals, within the defined
population sharing similar characteristics
-Clusters are locations within which an
intact group of members of the population can
be found
Ex.: Neighborhoods, School districts, Schools,
Classrooms
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
- also known as judgmental
sampling, the researcher uses his
good judgment in selecting the
respondents who best meet the
purpose of his study
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
- Selection of whichever
individuals are easiest to reach
- It is done at the
“convenience” of the researcher
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 QUOTA SAMPLING
- The population is first segmented into
mutually exclusive subgroups, just as in stratified
sampling.
- Then judgment used to select subjects or
units from each segment based on a specified
proportion.
- For example, an interviewer may be told to
sample 200 females and 300 males between the age
of 45 and 60.
NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 SNOWBALL SAMPLING
- Useful when a population is hidden
or difficult to gain access to. The contact
with an initial group is used to make
contact with others.
- Respondents identify additional
people to included in the study
- friend of friend….etc.