COMPUTER COMMUNICATION

& NETWORK ASSIGNMENT-1

Submitted by: Waqar Hassan (1014)

Submitted to: Mr. Inam-ul-haq
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

• What are communication protocols?

• Roles of Communication Protocols
• Types of Protocols?
• Need of Protocols
• Standard Organizations
• References & Plagiarism
 WHAT ARE COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS?

• Exchange of data or information from one device to another device with a

medium is called a Communication
• Protocols is a set of rules and regulations.
• Communication Protocols set of rules and regulations that allow two
digital devices exchange the data or information with one and another using
some media.
 ROLE OF COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS

• Data Sequencing – it means to detect loss or duplicate packets.

• Data Routing – to find the most efficient path between source and destination
for communication.
• Data formatting – defines group of bits within a packet which constitutes data,
control, addressing and other information.
• Error control – detect errors in messages.
• Data security – Prevents access of data by unauthorized users.
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS

• The Protocol used for communication are as follow :

• Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-TCP/IP is the
most commonly used protocol in the internet. TCP break message into small packets at
sending end and again convert the packets into message. IP specifies how data is
transmitted and recieve over the internet.
• (2) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -SMTP protocol is used for
delivery of e-mail. When an e-mail is to be sent, then the MTP contacts the remote
machine and forms a TCP connection through which the mail is transferred. Once the
connection is established, then Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) identifies the
sender itself, specifies the recipient of mail and then transfers the e-mail message.
 CONTINUE

• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) : Point-to-Point Protocol is the set of rules

that specify how the data will be communicated over telephone lines from the
computer when the connection with the ISP (Internet Service Provider) has
been established.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) : FTP enables files to be transferred between
computers.
• Gopher : Gopher is used to browse remote text information. It uses 'client-
server' model. The software is installed in the local machine (of client) and it
provides an interface that interacts with remote 'servers' , on the basis of the
information required.
 NEED OF PROTOCOL

Protocols are needed because it include mechanisms for devices to identify

and make connections with each other and also contain formatting rules that
specify how data is packaged into messages sent and received.They are required
to exchange messages between computing systems and are required in
telecommunications. Communications protocols cover authentication, error
detection and correction, and signaling.
 STANDARD ORGANIZATIONS

1. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-The IETF maintains the protocols in

use on the Internet.
2. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)-The IEEE controls a
lot of software and hardware protocols in the electronics industry for
commercial and consumer devices.
3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-The ITU is an organization of
telecommunication engineers designing the public switched telephone
network (PSTN) and many radio communication systems.
4. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) -It produce protocols for web
technologies.
 REFERENCES & PLAGIARISM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_protocol

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25705/communication-protocol