• Roles of Communication Protocols • Types of Protocols? • Need of Protocols • Standard Organizations • References & Plagiarism WHAT ARE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS?
• Exchange of data or information from one device to another device with a
medium is called a Communication • Protocols is a set of rules and regulations. • Communication Protocols set of rules and regulations that allow two digital devices exchange the data or information with one and another using some media. ROLE OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
• Data Sequencing – it means to detect loss or duplicate packets.
• Data Routing – to find the most efficient path between source and destination for communication. • Data formatting – defines group of bits within a packet which constitutes data, control, addressing and other information. • Error control – detect errors in messages. • Data security – Prevents access of data by unauthorized users. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
• The Protocol used for communication are as follow :
• Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-TCP/IP is the most commonly used protocol in the internet. TCP break message into small packets at sending end and again convert the packets into message. IP specifies how data is transmitted and recieve over the internet. • (2) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -SMTP protocol is used for delivery of e-mail. When an e-mail is to be sent, then the MTP contacts the remote machine and forms a TCP connection through which the mail is transferred. Once the connection is established, then Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) identifies the sender itself, specifies the recipient of mail and then transfers the e-mail message. CONTINUE
• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) : Point-to-Point Protocol is the set of rules
that specify how the data will be communicated over telephone lines from the computer when the connection with the ISP (Internet Service Provider) has been established. • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) : FTP enables files to be transferred between computers. • Gopher : Gopher is used to browse remote text information. It uses 'client- server' model. The software is installed in the local machine (of client) and it provides an interface that interacts with remote 'servers' , on the basis of the information required. NEED OF PROTOCOL
Protocols are needed because it include mechanisms for devices to identify
and make connections with each other and also contain formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into messages sent and received.They are required to exchange messages between computing systems and are required in telecommunications. Communications protocols cover authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling. STANDARD ORGANIZATIONS
1. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-The IETF maintains the protocols in
use on the Internet. 2. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)-The IEEE controls a lot of software and hardware protocols in the electronics industry for commercial and consumer devices. 3. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-The ITU is an organization of telecommunication engineers designing the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and many radio communication systems. 4. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) -It produce protocols for web technologies. REFERENCES & PLAGIARISM