Dr.Marjito, M.

Pd
0813 20 792 604, marjitompd@yahoo.co.id
 Be on time and don’t be late. (late for more
than 15 minutes will be considered half
absent)
 Be active in the classroom.
 Bring dictionary.
 Your attendance should not less than 12
meetings (from 14 meetings).
 Don’t use laptop, gadget unless you’re asked
to.
 Silence your phone’s tone.
 Don’t ever try to cheat in quizzes or exams.
 Assignments +quizzes +participation +
attendance + presentation = 30%
 Mid Academic Test (UTS) = 30%
 Final Academic Test (UAS) = 40%
 to be

are N : adalah
am Adj. : TMA
S + is + Adverb of Place : ada/ berada
was V- ing : sedang (me)
were to infinitive : Harus
V3 : di
being + V3 : sedang di
1. The main memory of a computer is also called
the ‘immediate access store’
2. She is a professional programmer.
3. E-mail also can be used to send to individuals or
groups while making sure that these
announcements are being read
4. She was uploading the data when I was there
5. I am to fix your pc right now because it is out of
order.
6. A person performing the wholesale trade is called
a 'wholesaler'
7. My file was deleted yesterday
8. The computer can bring support to the learning
strategies acquired by students.
 They fixed my computer this mornong
 She didn’t go to the office this morning
 He never helps me.
 They decided to leave the place yesterday.
 Are noun
 Am adj.
 Is +S+ adverb of place+(O) + ? Apakah … berada
 Were to infinitive: apakah … harus
 Was V-ing: apakah … sedang me
V3 : apakah ….di …

being + V3: sedang … di

1. Are you an analist?
2. Is your mother at home now?
3. Are they to take English course?
4. Are you writing a paper?
5. Were you interviewed yesterday?
6. were you being interviewed when I was at your office?
 Do
 Does + S + Verb1+ O + Adverb + ?
 Did

 Example:
 Did you take my blood sample yesterday?
 Does she go to the office everyday?
 Do you come from Jakarta?
 When (n)
 Where are adj.
 Why am adverb
 Who + is + S + v-ing +?
 How was to infinitive
 What (n) were V3
 Which (n) being + V3
 Whose (n)
 How long
1. What are you?
2. How are you to day?
3. Why were you late the last Tuesday?
4. What are you doing now?
5. When are they to check out?
6. Who was sent to the jail?
7. why is she being interviewed now?
 When
 Where
 Why
 how + do, does, did+ S +V1 + (O) + (adverb)+?
 What (n)
 Which (n)
 Who + V1(s/es)/ V2
1. What do you think of this program?
2. How do you come here?
3. Which book do you like best?
4. Where do you come from?
5. Who held the meeting the last week?
6. What subject does she take?

Write questions to make to your partner using the words in brackets ( ).
example: (fast / processor) How fast is your processor?
1. (big / RAM) ....................................................................................................
2. (big / screen) .........................................................................................................
3. (much space / hard-disk) .......................................................................................
4. (much / computer) ................................................................................................
Now ask the two more students and answer these
questions with complete sentences
1. Who’s got the fastest processor?
2. How fast does it run?
3. Who’s got more RAM?
4. How big is it?
5. Who’s got the biggest screen?
6. How big is it?
7. Who’s got the best hard-disk?
8. Why is it the best?
9. Who’s got the most expensive computer?
10. How much is it?
Examples:
download music I always download music
upload videos to Youtube I upload videos to Youtube once a week
1. change my email password ..........................................................................
2. scan my hard-drive for viruses..........................................................
3. burn CDs...................................................................................................
4. burn DVDs..............................................................................................
5. remove screwdriver................................................................................
6. shut the PC down .........................................................................
7. add memory to my desktop..............................................................
8. upgrade hardware components .......................
9. read software tutorials......................................
10. surf the Internet .
1. How often Kerry sends e-mails? ......
2. He sends usually e-mails on Monday
mornings....
3. Does he often scans his computer for
viruses 4.
4. I surf the Internet three times in a week.
5. Ron changes his email password one time
a year.
.
 shall/ will N: akan menjadi
S + can + be + Adj.: TMA
must A of P: harus berada
V3: harus di
1. I shall be there right now.
2. New information can be uploaded as quickly as it can be keyed into the
correct format, producing instructional materials that may be years
ahead of textbooks
3. The role of the teacher will be different from that of a simple
holder and provider of knowledge; the teacher will become
the students' guide
4. One of my friends must be here now. My pc will be fixed as
soon as possible
5. Computers do not provide the sense of cooperation that can
be found in a class with a teacher.
6. The RAM capacity can be sometimes expanded by adding extra
chips.
 Noun : mempunyai
S + have, has + V3 : telah/ sudah (me)
to + V1 : harus
Example:
1. I have two computers.
2. Ishell has fixed my pc.
3. Hably has to repair my pc.
4. Undisciplined students have problems working with computers.
5. Remember that computers and other equipment are just tools, and
you have to make them work for you, not against you
 N : telah menjadi
Adj. : TMA
S + have, has + been + A of P : tlh/sdh berada
V3 : tlh di/ sdh di
V-ing : tlh/ sdg (me)

1. She has been a teacher for two years.

2. They have been here since 2009.
3. My pc has been fixed
4. I have been teaching computer for three years.
 What is a computer?

“Computers are electronic machines where they can accept data in

certain form, process the data and give the results of the
processing in a specified format as information.

Three basic steps are involved in the process: First, data is fed into
the computer’s memory. Then, when the program is run, the
computers perform a set of instructions and process the data.
Finally, we can see the results ( the output) on the screen or in
printed form.

Information in the form of data and program is known as software,

and the electronic mechanical parts that make up a computer
system are called hardware. A standard computer system consist of
three main sections: the Central Processing Unit (CPU), the main
memory and the peripherals.”
 Simple Present
I study English every day.
Continuous
I am studying English now.
Present Perfect
I have studied English in several I had studied a little English
different countries.
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been studying English for I had been studying English for
five years.
Simple Past Simple Future
Two years ago, I studied English If you are having problems, I will
in England. help you study English.
I am going to study English next
year.
Past Continuous Future Continuous
I was studying English when you I will be studying English when
called yesterday. you arrive tonight. I am going to
be studying English when you
arrive tonight.
Past Perfect Future Perfect
I will have studied every tense
before I moved to the U.S. by the time I finish this course. I
am going to have studied every
tense by the time I finish this
course.
Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been studying English
five years before I moved to the for over two hours by the time
U.S. you arrive. I am going to have
been studying English for over
two hours by the time you arrive.
 Kata benda
You must keep staff motivated, especially when
things get difficult.
 Bentuk ………ING (ing form)
Analyzing the financial report should be
performed monthly.
 To infinitive
To analyze the financial report need two hours.
 There
There are options given.
 IT
It is difficult time to sell new product.
 S + are, am, is, was, were + Verb 3+ (by) + Object :di
di
The old machine was repaired by one of my staffs the last week
 S+ are, am, is, was, were + being + Verb 3 + (by) + O: sedang di.
Sedang di
New policy is being discussed by them now
 S+ have, has + been + Verb 3 + (by) + Object : telah/ sudah di
telah/ sudah di …….
New products have been sold by the marketing manager
S+ shall, will, should , would+ be+ Verb 3 + (by) + O : akan di
akan di ……….
These goods shall be delivered by them by the end of this month
 S + is, are, was, were + going + to be + V3 + (by): akan di
akan di
These product are going to be delivered the next Monday.
 S + can, could+ be + Verb 3+ (by) + O : dapat di
dapat di …..
New style of marketing strategy can be created
 S + must + be + Verb 3 + (by) + O : harus di ……
harus di ……
These goods must be distributed through the world.
 Are, am, is, was, were + S+ Verb3 + (by) + O + ?: apakah …di
apakah … di
Was the meeting closed yesterday?
 Shall/will akankah …. di
 Can + S + be+ Verb 3 +(by)+ O+? : dapatkah …. di
 Must haruskah … di
 Shall new product be produced by our company
 When
 Where
 Why
 how + are, am, is + S +V3 +(by) + (O) +?
 What (n) was, were
 Which+n
 Who + are, am, is + V3 + (by) + (o) + ?
1. Who was interviewed yesterday?
2. Where is your file saved?
3. When is the meeting held?
4. How are you admired by him?

Which of the sentences below are passive. 1

1. The firewall software and antivirus software are disabled.
2. Yesterday I contacted the software manufacturer.
3. I share all my files with my neighbour.
4. All computers in the office are connected to a hub.
5. What IP address is assigned to your computer?
6. Al computers in the office are using Windows XP sp2.
7. Interference is caused by microwaves or mobile phones.
8. I protected my computer using a good firewall.
9. You need to upgrade your OS.
10. All the files in my computer can be viewed but they cannot be modified.
1. We use different Internet browsers.
2. My boss wrote an e-mail of confirmation.
3. Someone uses my computer.
4. In this computer store they don’t accept
credit cards.
5. People wash CDs with soap and water.
1. A new chip .......................................... (use) in the United States.
2. Two years ago this company ....................(managed) by a different director.
3. All old components ..................................... (removed) after upgrading.
4. Then the processor ........................................ (insert) into the socket.
5. The Internet ........................................... (know) all over the world.
 Will, shall
Can
 Wh2 + must + S + be + V3 + (by) + (O) + ?
Should

Where will you be interviewed?

How can it be approved?
Who must be interviewed?
1. Tingkat positive: as_____ as : se
2. Tingkat lebih
 satu atau dua suku kata tambahlah ___ er dan
jika dibandingkan tambahlan than ____.
 lebih dari 2 suku kata tambahlah more____
dan jika dibandingkan tambahlah than ______.
3. Tingkat Paling
 satu atau dua suku kata tambahlah the _____
est _____ of/ in_____.
 lebih dari dua suku kata, tambahlah The most
_____ of/ in _________ .
 Kekecualian, good better the best
Most adjectives with two syllables form the comparative with [more + than].
expensive > more expensive example: Intel processors are more expensive that
ADM processors .
• The superlatives forms use [the -est in/ of]. They are formed as the
comparatives do.
fast > the fastest big > the biggest happy > the happiest expensive > the most
expensive
examples: This is the most expensive video controller in the PC market. This is
the fastest of all computers.
• We also use more+ than and less +than with nouns, to compare their quantity.
My new hard-disk has much more memory than my old one. My old hard-disk had
less memory.
• We also use less with adjectives.
ADM processors are less expensive than Intel processors
 example: (external hard-drive) My external
hard-drive is smaller than David’s, but
David’s external hard
 drive has got more memory
People + that, who, + are, am, is , was, were +V3 : orang yang dI
People + that, who + has, have + been+V3 : orang yang telah di
People + that, who + shall, will, can, must + be +V3 : orang yang akan di

People + that, who, + V1/ V2 : orang yang (me)

People + whom+ S: orang yang

Something + that, which + are, am, is, was, were +V3 : benda yang di
Something + that, which + have, has + been+V3 : benda yang telah di
Something + that, which + are, am, is, was, were + ket. Tempat: benda yang
berada

The woman who was dismissed is my friend.

The goods which have been sent to Jakarta are broken.
She is the only mother whom I love.
1. don’t know where she lives.
2. I couldn’t hear what he said.
3. Do you know when they arrive?
4. I don’t know who she is.
5. I wonder whose house that is.
6. I don’t know whether/if she will come.
7. I think that he is a good teacher.
 Noun pe … an, ke … an

Explain ion explanation

Develop ment development
accept ance/ ce acceptance
Difficult ty difficulty
careless ness carelessness
member ship membership
 Adj. Berkenaan dgn

technology al technological
care less careless
spirit full spiritfull
differ ent different
accept able acceptable
Act ive active
Discuss with a partner and write the related Noun
for these Adjective
1. Proud  pride 10. Cheerful  ____
2. Disappointed  ____ 11. Miserable  ____
3. Confused  ____ 12. Depressed  ____
13. Moody  ____
4. Hopeful  ____ 14. Energetic  ____
5. Jealous  ____ 15. Angry  ____
6. Upset  ____ 16. Caring  ____
7. Curious  ____ 17. Stressful  ____
8. Anxious  ____
9. Scared  _____
1. Technological development is often described
as technological revolution.
2. As an active sales man, he always has many
activities, if not, he will be hopeless and
finally, he will be careless action”.
3. Her financial adviser is convinced the project will
be a success.
4. I am looking for temporary employment during
holidays.
1. Accept
I am sorry, but this arrangement is totally ………………….to. us.
I' ve just received their letter of ………………..so we can go a head.
2. Act
The unions have threatened to take industrial …………
It' s been very ……………………….. day on the stock exchange.
The R&D department seems full of …………….. at the moment.
3. Add
We will be bringing out several ……………….. to our product line.
There is an …… bonus if I exceed my sales target by more than 10%.
4. Attract
One of the ……………….of the offer is the free training course.
They were offering a very …salary so of course I was interested
 Choose the appropriate form of the words to complete the sentences.
1. addition, add, added, additional, additionally, additive
a. Many terminals can be ………………………… to a basic system if the
need arises.
b. ………………………… and subtraction are two basic mathematical
operations.
c. When buying a system there is often no ………………………… charge for
the programs.
2. complication, complicate, complicated, complicating, complicatedly
a. There can be many ………………………… involved in setting up a
computer in an old building.
b. It is sometimes a very ………………………… process getting into a
computer installation for security reasons.
c. It is sometimes very ………………………… to explain computer concepts.
3. difference, differ, different, differently, differential, differentiate
a. There isn't a very big ………………………… in flowcharting for a
program to be written in Cobol or Fortran.
b. There are many ………………………… computer manufacturers today,
and a buyer must be able to ………………………… between the advantages
and disadvantages of each.
c. The opinions of programmers as to the best way of solving a problem
often
………………………… greatly.
4. reliably, rely on, reliable, reliability
a Computers are ………………………… machines.
b. If you don't know the meaning of a computer term, you cannot always
………………………… an all-purpose dictionary for the answer.
c. Computers can do mathematical operations quickly and
………………………. .
1. Proposal Anda tidak bisa diterima karena tidak
memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan oleh
pemimpin projek. Your proposal is unacceptable
because it doesn’t meet the requirements as fixed by
2. Daerah indusri ditetapkan di pinggiran kota sedangan
daerah pendidikan dilokasikan di kota. Industrial area
is fixed in the suburb and educational are is allocated
in the city
3. Seandainya, Anda diterima di perusahaan ini, lalu ada
perusahaan lain menawarkan gaji yang libih menarik
dan lebih besar, apakah anda mau pindah atau
tidak?Jika begitu, mengapa? Suppose, you are
appointed then there is another company which offer
more attractive and higher salary, will you take it or
not? If so, why?
4. Suppose, appoint, offer, attractive, high
 Ada pelanggan kita yang kecewa bahwa
komputer yang dikirim oleh Hably rusak.
Dia meminta komputer itu harus diganti.
Sebenarnya, komputer itu telah dicek sebelum
dikirm karena saya berada disana dan
melihat sendiri pada waktu itu. Komputer
itu merupakan kompter yang terbaik dan
terbaru dan harganya lebih murah dibanding
dengan yang lain.
1. Mengapa anda datang terlambat kemarin?
2. Dimana anda menyimpan kunci saya?
3. Seberapa sering anda mengecek laporan keuangan?
4. Yang mana yang akan anda beli?
5. file siapa yang berada di atas meja itu?
6. Berapa lama anda akan tinggal di Jakarata?
7. Kapan mereka meneyelesaikan tugasnya?
8. Bagaiman anda bisa memperbaiki laporan keuangan itu
jika tidak belajar?
9. Mereka telah menyerahkan laporan bulannan.
10. Dia harus berada di kantor besok pagi.
11. Bisakah anda menganalisa laporan keuangan setiap bulan?
12. Apakah mereka membuat kesalahan dalam membuat
laporan?
13. Apakah dia tidak hadir di pertemuan kemarin?
14. Apakah anda dtanya kemarin?
1. Proposal Anda tidak bisa diterima karena tidak
memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan oleh
pemimpin projek.
2. Daerah indusri ditetapkan di pinggiran kota
sedangan daerah pendidikan dilokasikan di kota.
3. Bantuan keuangan yang menarik akan membantu
pemerintah dalam mengatasi harga barang yang
tidak stabil.
4. Seandainya, Anda diterima di perusahaan ini, lalu
ada perusahaan lain menawarkan gaji yang libih
menarik dan lebih besar, apakah anda mau pindah
atau tidak?Jika begitu, mengapa? Suppose, you are
appointed in ths company, then there I another
company that offer more attractive and higher
salary, will you take it or not? If so, why
1. Laporan ini harus diserahkan kepada pimpinan secepat mungkin.
2. Barang-barang ini telah dipak dan dicek sebelum dikirim.
3. Pesanan anda ditolak karena anda tidak memberi uang muka.
4. Apakah product ini diexport ke Jepang?
5. Haruskah pertemuan dibatalkan karena pimpinan kita tidak
hadir?
6. Barang ini akan dikirim ke mana?
7. Siapa yang akan diijinkan untuk meninggalkan pertemuan?
8. Mengapa tawaran kita ditolak?
9. Dimana data-data itu disimpan?
10. Seberapa sering kesesuaian laporan dicek kembali dibersihkan?
11. Where are the applicants interviewed?
12. Where were the applicants interviewed yesterday?
13. Who will be dismissed?
14. Which one is going to be exported?
15. When were these items delivered?
16. what kinds of regulations will be applied?

 Independent Clause: an independent clause is
a complete sentence. It contains the main
subject and verb of a sentence
 Dependent clause is not complete sentence. It
must be connected to independent clause
 Adjective clause is a dependent clause that
modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or
gives further information a bout noun
(relative clause)
 A clause is a group of words containing a
subject and a verb
She lives in Jakarta (IC)
Where does she live? (IC)
Where she lives. (DC)
I know where she lives
IC DC

I know his story

NP
I heard what he said
NC
NC beginning with a question word
Who lives there? I don’t know who lives there.
S V S V

Who is she? I don’t know who she is.

V S S V
1. NC beginning with a question word.
Where does she live? I don’t know where she lives.
1. NC beginning with WHETHER OF IF
Will she come? I don’t know whether/ if she will
come.
1. Question words followed by infinitives
I don’t know what I should do
I don’t know what to do
Jim told us where we could find it.
Jim told us where to find it.
1. NC beginning with THAT
He is a good actor. I think that he
1. I don’t know where she lives.
2. I couldn’t hear what he said.
3. Do you know when they arrive?
4. I don’t know who she is.
5. I wonder whose house that is.
6. What she said surprised me.
7. I don’t know whether/if she will come.
8. I think that he is a good programmer.
1. True in the present/ future
 simple present, simple present/ will + simple form
S + v1 , S + will + V1
 If I have money, I will buy a car.
2. Untrue in present/ future
 Simple past, would + simple form
S + V2 , S + would + V1
 If she were here, I would teach her.
3. Untrue in the past
 Past perfect, would have+ past participle
S + had + V3 , S + would + have + V3
 If She had studied hard, she would have passed the exam

 …. either …. or ……….
 …. neither …. nor ……
 …..not only …. but also ….
 …… both ….. and ….

1. Both the teacher and the student are here

2. I enjoy reading not only A but also B.
3. He likes neither coffee nor milk
4. Either Omar or Rosa has my book.
5. Ron enjoys horse back riding. Bob enjoys horse back riding
 + s + AV + too
So + AV + S
She is smart and I am too
She is smart and so am I

_ S + AV (-) + Either
Neither + AV (+) + S
She didn’t go to the Market and They didn’t either
She didn’t go to the Market and neither did they

Two of my friends never come on time dan juga Dia

1. Saya tidak menemukan orang orang yang menarik ketika saya menghadiri
pertemuan.
2. Apakah teori ini bisa diaplikasikan sebelum disetujui oleh 2/3 anggota.
3. Saya sudah berada di sini selama dua jam, tetapi saya belum dipanggil.
4. Saya baru saja tiba di rumah, Hably menelpon ku.
5. Semua mahasiswa akan diwawancarai secepatnya ketika telah
menyerahkan makalahnya
6. Yang mana yang lebih murah, lebih bagus, dan lebih nyaman.
7. Saya tidak ingat dimana file anda berada.
8. jika saya belajar giat, saya pasti lulus (kenyataanya tidak belajar dan tidak
lulus)
9. Ada tiga cara yang terbaik untuk menjadi penjual: (1) anda harus selalu
tersenyum setiap ada pembeli dan memberi pelayanan yang terbaik, (2)
anda tidak diperkenankan bohong karaena kalau anda bohong, pembeli
tidak akan percaya selamanya, dan (3) anda harus mengatakan dengan
jujur apakah barang akan dijual bagus atau tidak.
10.
1. When Hably was (run fast), he (see) his fiancé crossed the road.
2. It is the (long) film that I (to be) ever seen
3. I didn’t realize that our conversation (to be) (record) by someone.
4. ( to be) your report analyzed the last two weeks?
5. I don’t know where your house (to be).
6. She has been (wait) for two hour but he (to be not) come yet
7. When Jhon is riding motor cycle, he saw me crossing the road.
8. These goods have been checked before been sent to the customers.
9. She hasn’t finished the assignment , and neither I do
10. I enjoy not only reading novels but magazine also
11. He would answer the phone if she (be) in her office right now.
12. I don’t know does Tom know about the meeting or not.
13. My young son wants to know where do the stars go in the day time.
14. I have already finished my job when she came.
1. After finish the research, I find that there was mistakes performed by
the students in completed the final exam. If they had had already
learn hard, they would passed the exam. It was believed that when
the teacher explained, they weren’t pay attention. Finally, they fell not
satisfied and the teacher is too. Solve this problem, the students, who
doesn’t study seriously, has to be punished by read aloud and repeat
the lesson given.

2. I had ever writing assignment to improve, it seems they didn’t fully

do improve. I don’t really understand what do they want. Do they
neither learn or repeat the lesson given? It is good to remind them
than to give home assign. Do we unanimous? Is there any the best way
can be applied?

3. I am realize, it take much time to change the students behavior since

keeping their ways to learn grammar. It is, sometimes, unaccepted
because endless reasons. However, I proud of you.
1. saya bersi kukuh dengan pendapat saya, karena
sebelum mengambil keputusan, saya
mempertimbangkan dulu, bertanya pada teman,
dan meminta saran dari orang yang yang
berpengalaman. Oleh karena itu, apapun
keputusan saya, itu keputusan final.

2. Ada beberapa cara dalam mengambil keputusan,

sebagian mengambil keputusan dengan lebih
cepat dan sebagian lagi mengambil keputusan
dengan memakan waktu lebih dari seminggu. Hal
ini dimaksudkan agar keputusan yang telah dia
ambil tidak akan berisiko.
1. Saya tidak menemukan orang orang yang menarik
ketika saya menghadiri pestemu.
2. Apakah barang-barang ini telah dicek sebelum
dikirim.
3. Saya sudah berada di sini selama dua jam, tetapi
saya belum dipanggil.
4. Saya baru saja tiba di rumah, Hably menelpon ku.
5. Semua mahasiswa akan diwawancarai secepatnya.
6. Yang mana yang lebih murah?
7. Saya tidak ingat dimana file anda berada.
8. jika saya belajar giat, saya pasti lulus
1. Don’t start (try) (learn) geometry before you have finished (learn)
2. (do) simple things in arithmetic.
3. We can’t consider (buy) a new house before (sell) the old one.
4. All of my friends were (surprise) that he didn’t fail the TOEFL test
5. When Hably was (run fast), he (see) his fiancé crossed the road.
6. It is the (long) film that I (to be) ever seen
7. If she have had the breakfast, she would ( to be) spiritless
8. I didn’t realize that our conversation (to be) (record) by someone.
9. (to be) your report analyzed the last two weeks?
10. She has been (wait) for two hour but he (to be not) come yet.
1. The used computers motivate students to learn.
2. Videos, pictures, and sound presented by computers stimulate sight
and hearing simultaneously in a way traditional resources do not.
3. Computers can help train students to become more independent
learners.
4. Using computers to learn English can help learners to become more
disciplined.
5. The computer can bring support to the learning strategies acquired by
students.
6. Teachers’ responsibilities include giving students the strategies they
need for working on their own.
7. Computers with CD-ROM may provide considerable input and a wide
variety of registers and accents.
8. The input computers can provide may facilitate the formulation of
ideas.
9. Computers provide access to authentic materials and audiences
around the world through the Internet.
10. A computer enhanced environment may encourage language
acquisition.
1. Some students and teachers are discouraged by computers.
2. Many students and teachers reject a change from the
traditional classes.
3. It is very difficult for some students to get used to being
independent learners.
4. Undisciplined students have problems working with
computers.
5. Computers do not provide some important features of real
communicative exchanges.
6. Computers are machines and they need maintenance,
something which may require interruptions to class or study
time.
7. Computers do not provide the sense of cooperation that can
be found in a class with a teacher.

1. Remember that computers and other equipment are just tools, and you have to make
them work for you, not against you.
2. Do not feel satisfied with the materials that commercial software may provide; create
your own materials. These can be based on the software.
3. Motivate students by using computer games for which you have prepared class work
materials.
4. Create materials for work with the computer which are also related to the teacher-led
sessions.
5. Make schedules flexible enough as to accommodate individual or small group sessions
with the computer.
6. Think of the combination of teacher-led classes and computer sessions that best suit
your needs.
7. Design your own computer oriented tasks for the development of language skills .
1. Direct students to the objectives you want them to achieve (these may not necessarily
be the same objectives of the software program).
2. Use Internet accessibility and create writing and speaking tasks for your students
using this computer resource.
3. The World Wide Web contains millions of pages you can use to produce reading tasks.
Use it to help encourage your EFL students to learn about a wide variety of cultures
and topics.
4. You may also design reading tasks using any CD-ROM encyclopedia or program that
contains hypertext.
5. Encourage your students to use their intellectual potential by assigning them
computer tasks such as looking for information in databases, that will make them
think and use English.
6. Encourage them to use word processors and their applications such as spelling and
grammar checkers.
7. In order to give a sense of purpose to what your students are going to write, have
them write and send real e-mail and faxes: this will provide them with a real sense of
communication.
8. Make use of web pages or CD interactive programs to generate discussions. Topics
can be as varied as your and your students' imagination can get, and as interesting as
your searches through the Internet are.
9.
10.
 Electronic Mail
 Electronic mail (e-mail) offers teachers and trainers numerous
advantages. Email has become indispensable in facilitating day-to-
day student-instructor and students-student communication and is
greatly facilitating the management of teaching. E-mail can
minimize the number of face-to-face meetings with students,
freeing both students and the instructor to communicate anytime
from anywhere without the need to schedule physical meetings. E-
mail also can be used to send announcements/messages to
individuals or groups while making sure that these announcements
are being read. Email can enhance delivery of learning material and
supporting documents in a speedy and convenient way, eliminating
much of the physical paperwork and time delay. All of this can lead
to reduction in teaching time and more efficient management of the
teaching/training process. The review data reported application of
the e-mail utilization in a large number of disciplines.
Ada beberapa langkah yang harus dipenuhi
jika kita akan membuat program sistem
informasi karyawan di PT. Maskatex. Adapun
langkah-langkah tersebut sebagai berikut: (a)
mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pengguna, (b)
mendesain program, (c) mengimplementasikan
design program, (d) menguji implementasi, dan
(e) perawatan system. Dari beberapa langkah
yang disebutkan di atas, tahap mendesain
program merupakan tahap yang paling sulit
diantara tahap-tahap yang lain
1. Provide documentation of the program
2. Understand the problem and plan the
solution
3. Test and correct the program
4. Make a flowchart of the program
5. Write the instructions in coded form and
6. compile the program
.
Software peripheral device MONITOR
Floppy disk HARDWARE INPUT
OUTPUT Central Processing Unit Port

1. The brain of the computer

2. Physical parts that make you up a computer system.
3. Program which can be used on a particular computer system.
4. The information which is presented to the computer.
5. Results produced by a computer.
6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.
7. Visual display unit.
8. Small device used to store information. Same as ‘diskette’.
9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/ output device
may be connected.
The purpose of this paper is to develop e-learning
based on animation content to improve mathematical
connection abilities in senior high school students.
The e-learning was developed using framework
proposed by Modle, while the animation content was
developed using macromedia flash. To get the
student mathematical connection abilities, pretest
and posttest were administered before and after
teaching and learning process. The data were
analyzed using t-test and found that e-learning which
was based on animation content not only had
significant effect on mathematical connection
abilities but also been able to improve students’
mathematical connection abilities far better than that
of conventional approach
 Juan: 'What's happening Peter, you look frustrated?'
 Peter: 'My laptop won't turn on. It was working before, I don't know what's wrong!'
 Juan: 'Is it plugged in?'
 Peter:'Yeah, I have connected it to the mains electricity, but that shouldn't be
important because the laptop's battery still has charge or power.'
 Juan:'Are you sure that the socket in the wall has power? Try to plug it into another
socket.'
 Peter:'I've tried that already and the socket has power. I thought that there may be
a problem with the power cable, but it's working fine with the other laptop here.'
 Juan:'I had a problem with my desktop computer last year where the wires had
come loose in the power cable. So I had to replace the power cable. You can use my
laptop to show it.'
 Peter:'Thanks Juan, but I only saved the presentation to my hard drive. So I can't
show the presentation on your laptop.'
 Juan: 'Can you remember when I had that problem with my laptop in July. When
suddenly the screen froze and the laptop wouldn't respond when I pressed any of
the keys on the keyboard or when I moved my finger on the touch pad. Sometimes
it recovered and I could continue to use the application, but other times it crashed
and stopped working completely. So, I had to reboot the laptop. It was so
frustrating, because I used to lose all of the work I'd been doing. Then the
application didn't load at all, so I couldn't even use it then. The IT Engineer told me
it was a software fault with an application. So she just reinstalled the application
and it's been working fine.'
 Peter:'I'm happy for you, but I don't have any power to the laptop, so it's not a
software fault. It seems like a hardware fault.'
1. Another way to say 'touch' or 'push' a button or a key, is ………………
2. When talking about computers, people call an electrical or design 'problem'
a ……….
3. Another way to say 'switch on' or 'start' a computer, is ……….
4. The part of a laptop where you move the cursor on the screen with a finger, is
called the ….
5. A 'lead' or 'wire' which connects a computer to a printer or a power supply, is
called a …….
6. A different way to say 'restart' a computer, is ……..
7. A phrasal verb that means to connect a 'cable' to a computer or to an electrical
power supply, is ……….
8. When you can't move the cursor on the screen, the screen is ……….
9. A possible reason why a cable isn't working, is ……………
10. Another way to say that an application 'doesn't start', is …………
11. The hole/holes where a cable is connected to , is called a ………..
12. The buttons on a keyboard that have letters or numbers on them, are
called ………..
13. When an application is damaged/not working correctly, it normally has to
be ………………
14. The name of the power supply for a mobile phone, is ………..
15. When a computer or application fails or stops working, it ………….
A. Complete the sentences with a word below. Use each word once only.
Icon website cursor pull-down menu reboot
Scroll down download highlight paste engine

1. The text appears at the position of the flashing

2. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse over the text that you want to
3. If your computer crashes, you may have to
4. To open a document, click on the relevant
5. To transfer text to another document you can copy and
6. If the text you want is below the part you can see, you can
7. Look at the toolbar at the top of the screen and select the option you want from the
8. Connect to the Internet and type out the address to go straight to the
9. If you can't find the information you want on the website, try typing out a key word into
the search
10. If you need to get a whole program from the Internet, it can take a long time to
  ABSTRACT
 Millions of students across the United States cannot benefit fully from a traditional
educational program because they have a disability that impairs their ability to
participate in a typical classroom environment. For these students, computer-based
technologies can play an especially important role. Not only can computer
technology facilitate a broader range of educational activities to meet a variety of
needs for students with mild learning disorders, but adaptive technology now
exists than can enable even those students with severe disabilities to become active
learners in the classroom alongside their peers who do not have disabilities. This
article provides an overview of the role computer technology can play in promoting
the education of children with special needs within the regular classroom. For
example, use of computer technology for word processing, communication, research,
and multimedia projects can help the three million students with specific learning
and emotional disorders keep up with their nondisabled peers. Computer
technology has also enhanced the development of sophisticated devices that can
assist the two million students with more severe disabilities in overcoming a wide
range of limitations that hinder classroom participation––from speech and hearing
impairments to blindness and severe physical disabilities. However, many teachers
are not adequately trained on how to use technology effectively in their classrooms,
and the cost of the technology is a serious consideration for all schools. Thus,
although computer technology has the potential to act as an equalizer by freeing
many students from their disabilities, the barriers of inadequate training and cost
must first be overcome before more widespread use can become a reality.
Re-write the following active sentences into passive voice. 2
1. We use different Internet browsers.
2. My boss wrote an e-mail of confirmation.
3. Someone uses my computer.
4. In this computer store they don’t accept credit cards.
5. People wash CDs with soap and water.
Write sentences using the passive voice. 3
1. A new chip .......................................... (use) in the United States.
2. Two years ago this company ................................... (managed) by a different
director.
3. All old components ..................................... (removed) after upgrading.
4. Then the processor ........................................ (insert) into the socket.
5. The Internet ........................................... (know) all over the world.
Now compare your computer with your partner’s
computer and write sentences.
example: (external hard-drive) My external hard-drive is
smaller than David’s, but David’s external hard drive has
got more memory
1. (processor) ........................................................
2. (RAM) ........................................................
3. (screen) .........................................................
4. (hard disk) .......................................................
5. (price) ……………………………………….
Memory or Storage Unit
This unit can store instructions, data and intermediate results. This
unit supplies information to the other units of the computer when
needed. It is also known as internal storage unit or main memory or
primary storage or Random access memory(RAM). Its size affects
speed, power and capability. Primary memory and secondary memory
are two types of memories in the computer. Functions of memory unit
are:
• It stores all the data and the instructions required for
processing.
• It stores intermediate results of processing.
• It stores final results of processing before these results are
released to an output device.
• All inputs and outputs are transmitted through main memory.
 A memory is just like a human brain. It is used
to store data and instructions. Computer
memory is the storage space in computer
where data is to be processed and instructions
required for processing are stored. The memory
is divided into large number of small parts
called cells. Each location or cell has a unique
address which varies from zero to memory size
minus one. For example if computer has 64k
words, then this memory unit has 64 *
1024=65536 memory locations. The address of
these locations varies from 0 to 65535.
Data Processing Cycle
Data processing is the re-structuring or re-ordering of data by people or
machine to increase their usefulness and add values for particular
purpose. Data processing consists of basic steps input, processing and
output. These three steps constitute the data processing cycle.

• Input - In this step the input data is prepared in some convenient

form for processing. The form will depend on the processing machine. For
example, when electronic computers are used, the input data could be
recorded on any one of several types of input medium, such as magnetic
disks, tapes and so on.
• Processing - In this step input data is changed to produce data in a
more useful form. For example, pay-checks may be calculated from the
time cards, or a summary of sales for the month may be calculated from
the sales orders.
• Output - Here the result of the proceeding processing step are
collected. The particular form of the output data depends on the use of the
data. For example, output data may be pay-checks for employees.
 Internet - It is a network of almost all the
computers in the world. You can browse
through much more information than you
could do in a library. That is because
computers can store enormous amounts of
information. You also have very fast and
convenient access to information. Through E-
Mail, you can communicate with a person
sitting thousands of miles away in a few
seconds. Chat software enables one to chat
with another on a real-time basis. Video
conferencing tools are becoming readily
available to the common man
DADATABASE
Systematically organized or structured repository of indexed information(usually as a group of
linked data files) that allows easy retrieval, updating, analysis, and output of data. Stored usually in
a computer, this data could be in the form of graphics, reports, scripts, tables, text, etc., representing
almost every kind of information. Most computer applications (including antivirus software,
spreadsheets, word-processors) are databases at their core. See also flat database and relational
database

Field: A single piece of information about an object. If the object were an Employee, a field would be
First name, Last name, or City or State.

Record: A collection of fields. In an Employee file, there would be one record for John Smith, another
record for Mary Jones, and another record for Al Newman.

File: A collection of bytes. The bytes may represent numbers or characters. In business systems, files
usually consist of collections of records. In this drawing, each file cabinet drawer represents one file. .

Index: Similar to a library's card catalog: in a library it provides quick access to a particular book; in a
computer, an index provides quick access to a particular record within the file that it indexes.

Database: This word is frequently mis-used, but one definition would be a collection of indexed files.
Relational databases contain relations between the files' records. For example, a shop might have a file
of Employee records and a file of Vendor records and a file of Purchase Order records. Each purchase
order record will contain a Vendor number and an Employee number for the employee who created the
purchase order. If there are five purchase orders for one vendor, each of those five purchase orders will
be related to a single record within the Vendors file. When you view or print a purchase order, it will
contain information from the Purchase order record, as well as information from the related Vendor
and Employee records