Why there is a need to adopt or

practice urban agriculture or

gardening?

Scholars said, a need for something

will just arise if there is a problem that
affect human lives!
 WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION TODAY?
Global/World
• Estimated Population
The current world human population is 7.6 billion as of
September 2018 according to the most recent United Nations
estimates elaborated by Worldometers.
• Total world arable land
The total land surface area of Earth is about 57,308,738 square miles, of
which about 33% is desert and about 24% is mountainous. Subtracting this
uninhabitable 57% (32,665,981 sq. mi) from the total land area leaves
24,642,757 square miles or 15.77 billion acres of habitable land.

World Bank reported that about 37.7 percent of the world’s total land area
was considered agricultural land, while approximately 10.6 percent was
considered arable.
Definition of Terms:
• Agricultural area

 refers to the sum of area under arable land, permanent

crops, and permanent pastures.
• Arable land
 refers to land under temporary crops (double-cropped
areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for
mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens
and land temporarily fallow (lie idle less than five years).
WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION TODAY?
It is projected that by 2050 the world will have a total of
nine billion mouths to feed, which represents an increase of
around 40 percent on current levels. This will demand an
additional billion tonnes of cereal and 200 million tonnes of
meat to be produced annually by 2050.
Does the world have enough arable land to provide food for
a population of this size?"
 there is no certain answer for the future but science literate
people can prepare!
 just remember our planet is not expanding but population is
keep on increasing!

 WHAT SHALL WE GONNA DO?

  WHAT SHALL WE GONNA DO?
• Study the factors affecting the food supply to the
current situation!

WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION TODAY?

A. Global or World

B. The Philippines: Our own Country

C. Iloilo City: Our City Our Pride!

D. Simple Knowledge, A Great Help to Increase Food
Supply
WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION TODAY?

In the Philippines (our own country)

• Current population density

Year Population % Male % Female Density Population Growth

(km²) Rank Rate
2018 106,512,074 50.30% 49.70% 311.12 13 1.52%
2017 104,918,090 50.33% 49.67% 306.46 13 1.55%
2016 103,320,222 50.35% 49.65% 301.79 12 1.58%
2015 101,716,359 50.37% 49.63% 297.11 12 1.65%
WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION TODAY?
WHAT IS THE CURRENT
SITUATION TODAY?
City

Slums
Garbage
RAPID
Malnutrition CRIMES
UNCHECKED
Social DRUGS
URBANIZATION
Alienation
Poverty
Iloilo City, Philippines:
Current Situation Today
• last known population is ≈ 448 000 (year 2015). This was
0.445% of total Philippines population. If population growth
rate would be same as in period 2010-2015 (+1.08%/year),
Iloilo City population in 2018 would be: 462 629*.
• What is the population density of Iloilo City
 The population density of Iloilo City is 5,981 people per
square kilometer.
Rapid Unchecked Urbanization
Arial view of some slums and urbans
area in the Philippines
WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION
TODAY?
Family
Exorbitant Cost of Food
Nutrition leached out of the produce due
to the use of pesticides an commercial
inorganic fertilizer
Food prices have been galloping away
ahead of salaries
 WHICH WAY TO GO?
to overcome the bad current
situation of our economy especially
in terms of food supply and nutrition
we have to…

• Practice natural farming system

• Produce our own food

• Go to organic approach of farming

WANT A LONGER LIFE?

Produce a clean nutritious safe

foods right from your own
backyard or garden
Chemical free grown vegetables
from your garden offers a lot of
vitamins and minerals
Food growing activities in towns and cities could yield a range
of benefits to environment and the populace!
1. ENVIRONMENTAL REGENERATION
Reduces transport
 Why?
 Rural vegetable products will be no longer in
demand in the city
Minimizes the need for protective packaging
 Why?
 Use of papers, cardboard for boxes,
styrofoams and plastics will be reduced
Food growing activities in towns and cities
could yield a range of benefits to environment
and the populace!

2. BETTER HEALTH
Access to fresh fruit and vegetables
Provide a form of cheap, productive exercise
Popular way of relieving stress
More formal Horticultural therapy has helped those
suffering from mental health problems
Greener environment can reduce the incidence of
pollution related illnesses
Food growing activities in towns and cities
could yield a range of benefits to environment
and the populace!
3. GREEN JOBS
Jobs could be created (organic waste
collection for organic fertilizer production)
Provide an alternative to out of town
shopping
4. COMMUNITY DRIVE
Break down barriers across age
Stimulate a sense of ownership
Pride in the local environment
Food growing activities in towns and cities could
yield a range of benefits to environment and the
populace!
5. EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

Schools incorporate food growing into the

teaching of science (Gulayan sa Paaralan)
Growing and cooking food also provide
opportunities for hands on health
practices (TLE subject)
STEP BY STEP GUIDE TO SUCCESSFUL
CONTAINER FARMING:
 any location
 amount of air movement.
Planning Your  water source
Container Farm
Location  access to a minimum of 6
hours sunlight everyday.
1. CHOOSING CONTAINERS:
A. Native Basket wares & wooden
containers
CHOOSING CONTAINERS:

B. Used household
wares

C. Transform mineral
water bottles into
decorative pots
CHOOSING CONTAINERS:
D. Oak barrel, drum
& tin cans for
shrub and trees

E. Glass and ceramic

wares
2. RECYCLING VARIOUS PLANT
CONTAINERS:

A. TIN
CANS
2. RECYCLING VARIOUS PLANT CONTAINERS:
B. PLASTIC GALLON CONTAINERS
C. OLD TIRES
D. BAMBOO POLES, PVC PIPES & PLASTIC
BOTTLES for VERTICAL GARDENING
E. OLD GUTTERS
3 WAYS OF
COMPOSTING
COMPOSTING:

1. RAPID METHOD

With the aid of fungus activator, Trichoderma

harzianum, decomposition of farm wastes is accelerated
to just 3-4 weeks. This means that the compost can be
used in the next planting season. This involves ten (10)
steps.
COMPOSTING:
2. BIO-ENRICHED METHOD
Employing both fungus activator and
nitrogen-fixing bacteria, farm wastes are first
decomposed by Trichoderma sp. For 2-3
weeks, after which the resulting compost is
inoculated with live N-fixing bacteria
Azotobacter sp. Incubation for one week
produces a nitrogen –enriched compost that
can supply a rice crop’s total N requirement.
Depending on the material used, soil condition,
and planting season, this involves 10 steps.
Recommended Fertilizer Rate

Enriched with animal manure, nitrogen-rich

farm residues such as legumes, and acted upon by
microorganisms like fungus Trichoderma sp. and
nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter sp.
COMPOSTING:
NOTE!!!
For the Rapid and Bio-Enriched methods
of composting, procedures in preparing these
microorganisms activators are available at the
Institute of Biological Sciences (IBS) and the
National Institute of Molecular of
Biotechnology (BIOTECH) of the University of
the Philippines in Los Baños (UPLB) College,
Laguna; and at the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST).
Simplified Guide To Compost
Production:
Most of the steps are common to the three methods of
composting. Step 4 or the addition of fungus activator,
however, does not apply to the traditional method. Step 8
or the addition of bacteria inocula, on the other hand,
applies only to the Bio-Enriched method of composting.

Terminologies:

Inocula – material used for inoculation

Inoculation – the introduction of a pathogen or antigen
into a living organism to stimulate the production of
antibodies.
 Simplified Guide To Compost Production:

Traditional Rapid Method Enriched Method

Method (tricho) (tricho + Azotobacter)
Step 1 Gather Materials
Step 2 Prepare Area
Step 3 Pile Materials

Step 4 Add CFA Add Bio Quick

Step 5 Water Compost Heap

Step 6 Cover Compost Heap
Step 7 Turn Compost Heap
 Simplified Guide To Compost Production:

Traditional Rapid Method Enriched Method

Method (tricho) (tricho + Azotobacter)

Step 8
Add Bio Fix
Bacteria

Step 9 Harvest Compost

Step 10 Apply Compost

SOIL MIXTURE:

1 part loam soil

1 part compost /manure IDEAL
1 part rice hull SOIL
(Carbonized rice hull)
Carbonized Rice Hull
As organic fertilizer
As pest control agent
As base material for making
microbial inoculants
As charcoal for fuel
As water purifier
As medicine for diarrhea
 SOIL MIXTURE:

Soil mixture is best when

sterilized before using it for
container gardening
CHOOSING WHAT TO PLANT:
Vegetables
Ornamental plants
medicinal plants
edible herbs
fruit bearing trees
Different Types of Vegetables:

Leafy vegetables
Example: Pechay, lettuce, cabbage, Mustard,
Sweet Potato, Alugbati, Kangkong
Root or bulb crops
Example: Onion, Radish, Garlic, Carrots, Sweet
Potato
Beans and Legumes
Example: Munggo, String beans,
snow pea (chicharo)
Sourcing of Planting Materials:

Accredited seed growers

Accredited seed suppliers
Government experiment stations
NGO, Municipal and Provincial
Agriculturist Office.
 Method of Propagation:

Direct Seeded Plants

Ex. Radish Bottle gourd
Carrots Squash
Okra Bitter gourd
Transplanted Plants

Leafy Veg. Fruit Veg. Flower Veg.

Celery Eggplant Cauliflower

Cabbage Tomato Broccoli
pechay Pepper
 WATERING

- 8:00 – 9:00 AM & 3:00- 4:00 PM (ideal

time)
- Twice per week is needed

Cultivating & Weeding

- Allows air to enter to potting medium

- Encourages bigger and healthier roots
Fertilizing

- Top dress with well composted manure

every two weeks
- Tea type approach
 Controlling Pests and
Diseases
Hang-up a yellow Integrated Pest
Provide good air
card coated with Management
circulation
grease (IPM) approach
• Flying insects/ • Majority of • Employing the
pests can’t insects/ pests are method of
penetrate windy attracted with biological
areas yellow-colored control
flowers • Using
companion
crops
• Grow resistant
varieties
CONTROLLING PESTS:
 USE COMMANDO TECHNIQUES
1. Drop him off
2. Pick him off
3. Squash him off

4. Pislitin
Harvesting
• Harvest right before use
• Allows the sugar to remain sugar instead of being converted into
starch
• Ensures the maximum amount of water in the leaves and stems so it
remain crispy and crunchy

• Harvest lower leaves first (priming)

Theme Song for a Successful
Organic Farmer
1-10 years = Araw Araw Gabi Gabi 

11 – 20 years = Gaano Kadalas Ang


Minsan

21 & 59 years = Maalaala Mo Kaya 

60 years & above = Hindi Kita 

Malilimutan
Prepared by: GARRY C. CANTO, T – III
Science Department