TUTORIAL

REPORT COMMUNITY
ICINE
TUTORIAL
 AYU AGUSTIRA 1518011071
ARINI MERONICA 1518011056
ANDHIKA YUDA P 1518011160
VENY ANISYA 1518011168
CHINTYA REDINA H 1518011139
IQBAL LAMBARA P 1518011002
FITRI NADIA S 1518011035
ASTRID ANANDA 1518011122
NORMAN FAHRYL 1518011081
SHESY SYAHAYA 1318011155
Step 1
-

STEP 2
1. What is the meaning of health promotion? health
promotion, step and metode health promotion
2. How to improve community environmental
sanitation awareness?
3. What is the relationship of rainy season and
diarrhea?
4. Teori l green
5. What is health belief model?
6. Criteria of healthy homes
7. The impact of chapters outside the home
8. Behavior change process
 Step 3 1. Health Promotion, Step and Method
Health promotion is the effort of change /
improvement in health sector accompanied by efforts
of environmental influences and others, which is very
influential in the field of health

Step of health promotion

o choose the target
o strategy
o Determine healthcare
o choose media
o determine the criteria of evaluation
o implement healthcare
o evaluation
Step 3
The purpose of health promotion: the achievement of changes in the
behavior of individuals, families, and society

Metode health promotion :

o Ceramah menerangkan suatu ide tentang pengertian secara lisan kepada
target
o Diskusi kelompok pembicaraan yang direncanakan dan telah dipersiapkan
o Curah pendapat suatu bentuk dalam pemecahan masalah dengan
mengusulkan semua kemungkinan
o Seminar sumber dari satu orang dan didampingi oleh seorang/lebih ahli
o Metode panel sekitar tiga orang panelis dengan satu pemimpin
o Bermainperan memerankan sebuah situasi tanpa adanya latihan
o Demonstrasi menggunakan alat peraga
o Symposium dengan sumber 2 orang atau lebih
 2. improve community environmental
sanitation awareness
2. Indicator:
Clean water facilities : every home water is clean
or not, to dig well whether it meets the criteria
(preferably not near septic tanks, at least 15m)
The latrine is a latrine per house (closed / open
latrines), latrines away from wells
Disposal facilities : location location
Disposal facilities : far from clean water

WHO = supply air, sampah, personal washing and

bath, manyimpan dan memasak makanan,
toilet facilities

How to improve sanitation:
1. Strong sanitary settings
2. Regular cleaning
3. Toilet do not open
towards kitchen
4. Exposed to sunlight and
ventilation
5. Sound can not exit
(soundproof)
How to improve sanitation
awareness:
1. Educate how important it
is to maintain sanitation
2. Educate the dangers of
poor sanitation
3. demonstrate
4. using media, banners,
leaflets, social media
Diarrhea that occurs 3. Relationship between Rainy
during the rainy season is season and Diarrhea
due to a decrease in the These bacteria emerge from
quality of cleanliness. drainage channels that
During the rainy season, contaminate the water
cleanliness is often consumed. Diarrhea often
overlooked, thereby affects people in low-lying
increasing the progression areas that are vulnerable to
of viruses, bacteria and flooding. Communities that
parasites. Bacteria that rely on drinking water sources
live in wet conditions from wells and rivers are
more easily spread and often targeted for the spread
spread to humans. of the disease, because high
rainfall intensity brings waste
and contaminated waste into
rivers and wells
 4. Theory of L Green

Theory of L Green health promotion is any

form of health education designed to facilitate
behavioral change.

3 points:
o Predisposing factors : cause behavioral
changes
o Enable factor : support from environment
o Reinforcement : approval from family and
social environment
 5. Health Belief Model
The theory of health
belief model (1996) Health promotion: Three important
to predict preventive • Ecology model search factors:
health behaviors. This for ecological factors individual readiness,
theory is based on the affecting health the drive from the
understanding that • Health belief model  environment to make
decision-making is health behavior is itself change behavior,
based on influenced by a person's and from within the
vulnerability, harm perception of his illness individual's own
and sickness, the • Staging process behavior.
benefits of action, stimapan to make
obstacles, and rest for changes
action.
• Reason action  reason
to change
• Social cognitive model
o Clean ventilation
o Dry 6. Criteria Of Healthy House
o Healthy latrines
o Area of the house according to the number of people who live
o Meet the physiological needs  building materials do not contain asbestos,
vents 10-20% of floor area, temperature 24 degrees centigrade, adequate
lighting
o A healthy environment  a place not dangerous, such as on the banks of the
river will be vulnerable to landslides
o The presence of clean water
o There is a garbage dump
o Not the ground floor
o There is a waste disposal site
o Safe, free of distracting animals
o Free of contamination
 7. Impact CHAPTER
outside:
o A disturbing smell
8. Behavior change process:
o Feces can contaminate by
o Precontemplationnot intent to flies
make a life change don't do health o Disruption of the comfort
promotion in this phase of local people
o Contemplation  new intend for 6 o CHAPTER in the river can
months ahead pollute drinking water
o Preparation  is preparing for sources, bathing 
change in the near future causing disease
o Action  ready to make changes
o Maintenancemake changes to
maintain their health status.
Step 4 Behavioural HEALTH Step of Health
Changes process PROMOTION Promotion

Media of Health
Health belief Model Promotion

Methods of Health
Criteria of Healthy Promotion
house

Goals and Advocacy and

Objective of Health Partnership Health
Promotion Promotion
1. Media of Health promotion
(stength and weakness)
2. Advocacy and Partnership in
health promotion
3. Goals and Objective of Health
Promotion
4. Behavioural Changes Theories
5. Health Promotion Methods
1.
Media of Health
Promotion
Strength and weakness
Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience
Real Things Media
Example of this media are real feses, dragonfly on feses,
or sample like oralit, etc

Strength Weakness
o it’s best of media HP o not easy to carry
o fastest and easiest to anywhere
know
o have right size
Print Media
Example : Leaflet, booklet, flyer, flipchart, poster,
magazine, newspaper

Strength Weakness
o can be read o needs much time
repeatedly o uninterested
o can explain things that o just visual
are complex
oSaveable
Electronic Media
Example : Television, Movie, Video, Radio

Strength Weakness
o Fastest to share info o expensive
o has Audio and Visual o Complicated
o Interested o electricity
o Reach to many people
Board Media
Example : Billboard

Strength Weakness
o Long Lasted o Just visual
o Reach to many people o Need more area
o Cheaper
o Not electricity
2.
Advocacy and
Partnership
In Health Promotion
 Partnership
Notoadmodjo : PromKes Depkes Promkes Depkes
Is a formal Is Interaction and Is effort involves
collaboration minimal multisector,
between interelation community,
individu-individu, between two or goverment and non-
group-group, more party (side), gov to collaboration
organization to and each party to achieve the goals
achieve the are mitra and grounded on
goals. partner agreement and their
own princip and role
Type of Partnership
o Potential Partnership, they care each other but not
collaboration yet.
o Nascent Partnership, Good partner but efficiency of their
partnership is not maximal
o Complementary Partnership, partner gets benefit and influence
throught definite scope of activity, ex : program delivery and
resource mobilization
o Synergistic Partnership, Partner gets benefit and influence
throught increment the new scope of activity, ex: advocacy

Princip of Partnership
o Equity
o Openness
o Mutual benefit
Advocacy Is public support for also seen as a
recommendation of lobbying activity
a particular cause or within public
policy. health

WHO :
3 strategy for health
promotion
o Advocacy
o Social Support
oEmpowerment
3.
Goals and
Objective
Of Health Promotion
Goals by WHO
A general purpose: to change behavior of
individuals or communities in community.

Special purpose :
1.) individual health or value for society
2.) helping individuals to be able independently or
in groups conduct activities to achieve healthy life
goals
3.) encourage development and use
appropriately existing health care facilities.
Goals by Green
a. Program Objectives It a statement of what
expect within a certain period of time
relating to health status.
b. Goals Education is a description of
behavior be achieved can overcome
existing health problems.
c. Behavioral Goals. It is education or
learning must be attained, therefore, the
purpose of behavior with respect to
knowledge
 Goals by Kemenkes (2013) General Purpose :
Increase PHBS Individual,
family, society and play
Special Purpose an active role in every
1. Increase commitment of health-minded development of integrated health
policy makers from various parties.
movement cross
2. Increase cooperation between communities, between
program, around, private
groups, and between institutions in the framework of
health-minded development and community
3. Increasing community participation, including private
sector as subject, or conducting community empowerment
and health promotion.
4. Promote effective health promotion and community
empowerment by considering local wisdom
5. Improving integration of health promotion efforts and
community empowerment with all relevant programs and
sectors, at the center, in provinisi and city by referring to
the strategic plan of Ministry of Health
 Objective
1. Primary Target, society can be grouped into, head
of family for general health problems, pregnant
and lactating mothers for MCH problems. This
promotional target is in line with community
empowerment strategy
2. Secondary Goals, Tribal leaders, community
leaders, customary leaders and people who have
links and have an important influence in health
promotion activities.
3. Tertiary Goals, Decision-makers or policy makers.
Conducted with an expectation that policy policies
issued by the group will have an effect and
influence on both secondary and Primary goals.
This effort is in line with Advocacy strategy
4.
Behavioural
Changes
Theories
 Social Cognitive Theory

o Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory proposes that

people are driven not by inner forces, but by external
factors.
o This model suggests that human functioning can be
explained by a triadic interaction of behavior,
personal and environmental factors.
o This is often known as reciprocal determinism.
o Environmental factors represent situational influences
and environment in which behavior is preformed while
personal factors include instincts, drives, traits, and
other individual motivational forces.
Theory of Planned Behavior
o The theory of planned behavior
suggests that behavior is dependent
on one’s intention to perform the
behavior.
o Intention is determined by an individual’s attitude
and subjective norms.
o Behavior is also determined by an individual’s
perceived behavioral control, defined as an
individual’s perceptions of their ability or feelings
of self-efficacy to perform behavior.
 Transtheoretical (Stages of
Changes) Model
o Precontemplation is the stage in which people are not
intending to make a change in the near future (6 months).
o Contemplation is the stage where people intend to change (6
months).
o Preparation represents the stage where people have a plan of
action and intend to take action in the immediate future
o Action is the stage in which people make the behavior change.
o Maintenance represents the stage where people work to
prevent relapse.
o Termination represents that stage where individuals have
100 percent efficacy and will maintain their behavior
5.
Health
Promotion
Methods
Individual Education Methods
Individual educational methods are
used to foster new behaviors.
Approach:
a.) Guidance and counseling
b.) Interview
Group Method
a. Large Group
Participants over 15 people
- Lecture method: good for high / low
education goals
- Seminar method: good for upper
secondary education
Group Method (Cont..)
b. Small Group
participants under 15 people

Group discussion Brainstorming method:

methods: leaders and modification of group
participants should discussions and group leaders
feel in same situation gives case / one problem then
so that each member each participant responds
has freedom, openness
to express opinion
Group Method (Cont..)
b. Small Group (Cont..)
participants under 15 people Snow ball: group is
divided into pairs (1 pair
Buzz group: directly divided consists of 2 people) then
into small groups then given given question / problem,
same problem / not with other approximately 5 minutes
groups. Results are discussed then discuss and every 2
again and look for conclusions pairs join to 1 then 4 pairs
merge into one, etc
o Role play (roleplay): some members are designated as
role players
o Simulation game: mix betweenaroleplay with group
discussion
Mass Methods
communicate designated health messages public.
Goals general without regard to gender, age, level of education,
social status, economy etc.
Method is indirect
a.) Public lecture
b.) Talkshow
c.) Simulation
d.) Using tv
e.) Bill board
Bibliography
Carlisle, S. Health Promotion, advocacy, and health
inequalities : a conceptual framework. Vol 15 No 4.
Health Promotion International : 369-76.
Fitriani, S. 2011. Promosi Kesehatan. Yogyakarta : Graha
Ilmu.
Levinger, Beryl and Jean Mulroy, 2004, A Partnership
Model for Public Health: Five Variables for Productive
Collaboration, Pact Publications Washington DC.
Notoadmodjo. 2007. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku.
Jakarta : Rineka
THANK YOU,