Germany Final

GERMANY
GEOGRAPHY
Location:
Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between
the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Geographic coordinates:
51 00 N, 9 00 E
Area:
total: 357,022 sq km
country comparison to the world: 62
land: 348,672 sq km
water: 8,350 sq km
Land boundaries:
total: 3,621 km
Coastline:
2,389 km
RESOURCES
 Natural resources:
coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium,
potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land
 Land use:
arable land: 33.13%
permanent crops: 0.6%
other: 66.27% (2005)
 Irrigated land:
4,850 sq km (2003)
 Total renewable water resources:
188 cu km (2005)
 Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 38.01 cu km/yr (12%/68%/20%)
per capita: 460 cu m/yr (2001)
 Natural hazards:
flooding
STATISTICS
 Population:
82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)
 Age structure:
0-14 years: 13.7% (male 5,768,366/female 5,470,516)
15-64 years: 66.1% (male 27,707,761/female 26,676,759)
65 years and over: 20.3% (male 7,004,805/female 9,701,551) (2010
est.)
 Median age:
total: 44.3 years
male: 43 years
female: 45.6 years (2010 est.)
 Population growth rate:
-0.061% (2010 est.)
 Birth rate:
8.21 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Death rate:
11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Urbanization:
urban population: 74% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.055 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 3.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.36 deaths/1,000 live births
Ethnic groups:
German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of
Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
Religions:
Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated
or other 28.3%
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
Education expenditures:
4.6% of GDP (2004)
country comparison to the world: 82
CULTURE
 The land of poets and thinkers.

 The UNESCO inscribed 33 properties in
Germany on the World Heritage List.
 Various German authors and poets have won great renown, including
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller.
 German philosophers have helped shape Western philosophy since the
Middle Ages, like Gottfried Leibniz's contributions to rationalism; the
establishment of classical German idealism by Immanuel Kant
 German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with
the work of Max Skladanowsky . Also the Berlin Film Festival, held
annually since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film festivals. The
Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam are the oldest large-scale film studios in
the world and a centre for international film production.
 Germany claims some of the world's most renowned classical music
composers, including Ludwig van Beethoven, Johann Sebastian Bach,
Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner
 Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, home to some of
the world's largest media conglomerates, including Bertelsmann, the
Axel Springer AG and ProSiebenSat.1 Media
 Association football is the most popular sport. With more than 6.3
million official members, the German Football Association is the largest
sports organisation of its kind worldwide.
 Great cuisine, fine wines, and excellent beers form an integral aspect of life in
Germany.
 Germany is a modern, cosmopolitan, creative society, shaped by a
plurality of lifestyles and regional differences
ECONOMIC FACTORS
GDP (purchasing power parity):

$2.925 trillion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - real growth rate:
1.3% (2008 est.)
2.5% (2007 est.)
3.2% (2006 est.)
ECONOMIC SUMMARY
ECONOMIC FACTORS
GDP (purchasing power parity):

note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - real growth rate:
1.3% (2008 est.)
2.5% (2007 est.)
3.2% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$35,500 (2008 est.)
$35,000 (2007 est.)
$34,200 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 0.9%
industry: 30.1%
services: 69.1% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
43.6 million (2008 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
industry: 29.7%
services: 67.8% (2005)
Unemployment rate:
7.8% (2008 est.)
9% (2007 est.)
Population below poverty line:
11% (2001 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
19.2% of GDP (2008 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $1.591 trillion
expenditures: $1.591 trillion (2008 est.)
Public debt:
66% of GDP (2008 est.)
65.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.7% (2008 est.)
2.3% (2007 est.)
Industries
Among the world's largest and most technologically

advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement,
chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools,
electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
Industrial production growth rate:
0.1% (2008 est.)
Agriculture - products:
potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages;
cattle, pigs, poultry
POWER COSUMPTION
Electricity - production:
593.4 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
Electricity - exports:
Electricity - imports:
Oil - production:
150,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - consumption:
2.569 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - exports:
582,900 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - imports:
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$35,500 (2008 est.)
$35,000 (2007 est.)
$34,200 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
industry: 30.1%
services: 69.1% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
43.6 million (2009 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
industry: 29.7%
services: 67.8% (2005)
Unemployment rate:
7.8% (2009 est.)
9% (2009 est.)
Population below poverty line:
11% (2001 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
19.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $1.591 trillion
expenditures: $1.591 trillion (2009 est.)
Public debt:
66% of GDP (2009 est.)
65.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.7% (2009 est.)
2.3% (2009 est.)
Industries
Among the world's largest and most technologically

advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement,
chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools,
electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
Industrial production growth rate:
0.1% (2009 est.)
Agriculture - products:
potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages;
cattle, pigs, poultry
POWER COSUMPTION
Electricity - production:
Electricity - consumption:
Electricity - exports:
Electricity - imports:
Oil - production:
150,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Oil - exports:
582,900 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - imports:
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
Exports:
$1.498 trillion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 2
$1.35 trillion (2009 est.)
Exports - commodities:
machinery, vehicles,
chemicals, metals and
manufactures, foodstuffs,
textiles
Exports - partners:
France 9.7%, US 7.1%, UK
6.7%, Netherlands 6.6%, Italy
6.4%, Austria 5.4%, Belgium
5.2%, Spain 4.4%, Poland 4%
(2009)
Imports:
$1.232 trillion (2008 est.)
country comparison to the
world: 3
$1.079 trillion (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery, vehicles, chemicals,
foodstuffs, textiles, metals
Imports - partners:
Netherlands 12.5%, France
8.3%, Belgium 7.5%, China
6.2%, Italy 5.7%, UK 5.4%,
Austria 4.3%, Russia 4.2%, US
4.2% (2008)
Transportation
Airports:
550 (2009)
Railways:
total: 41,896 km
Roadways:
total: 644,480 km
Waterways:
7,467 km
Pipelines:
gas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2008
Telephones - main lines in use:
51.5 million (2008)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
107.245 million (2008)
Television broadcast stations:
373 (plus 8,042 repeaters)
Internet users:
61.973 million (2008)
POLITICAL SYSTEM
The Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) heads the

Bundesregierung (Federal Government) and thus
the executive branch of the federal government.
Germany, like the United Kingdom, can thus be
classified as a parliamentary system.
The Chancellor cannot be removed from office
during a four year term unless the Bundestag has
agreed on a successor.
Federal legislature
Federal legislative power is divided between the
Bundestag and the Bundesrat.
The Bundestag is directly elected by the German
people, whilst the Bundesrat represents the
regional states (Länder).
The Bundestag is more powerful than the
Bundesrat and only need the latter's consent for
proposed legislation related to revenue shared by
the federal and state governments.
The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is elected for a four

year term and consists of 598 or more members
Main office holders
Office Name Party Since

30 June
President Christian W Christian De
ulff mocratic Uni 2010
on 22
Chancellor Angela Merk Christian De November
el mocratic Uni 2005
on
Other Free Democr
government atic Party
parties Christian So
cial Union

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GERMANY

 The land of poets and thinkers.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

GDP (purchasing power parity):

Among the world's largest and most technologically

Among the world's largest and most technologically

The Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) heads the

The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is elected for a four

Office Name Party Since

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