 PRINCIPLE:

“The Difference of the ages of two persons is CONSTANT. Or

time elapsed for persons concerned are equal.”
Present Age: “ages now” “at present” “is” “are”
Past Age: “years ago” “was at that time” “in the last _
years”
Future Age: “years from now” “years hence” “years after”
 If x is the age of Peter now:

 His age 5 years ago is:

 His age 7 years hence is:

 A father is three times as old as his
son now. Four years ago he was four
times as old as his son during that
time. How old is his son?

A. 36 yrs C. 32 yrs
B. 12 yrs D. 24 yrs
 The ages of the mother and her
daughter are 45 and 5 years,
respectively. How many years will the
mother be 3 times as old as her
daughter?

A. 5 C. 15
B. 10 D. 20
 Two times the father’s age is 8
more than six times his sons age. Ten
years ago, the sum of their ages was 44.
The age of the son is:

A. 49 yrs C. 20 yrs
B. 15 yrs D. 18 yrs
For 2-digit number:

10t  u  original number

Where:
10u  t  reversed number
u=unit’s digit
For 3-digit number: t=ten’s digit
100h  10t  u  original number h=hundred’s digit
10uu  10t  h  reversed number
 PRINCIPLE:
For a three-digit number:
Let: h=hundred’s digit
t= ten’s digit
u=unit’s digit
The number is : 100h + 10t + u
The reversed number is : 100u + 10t + h
The sum of the digits is : h+t+u
 In a two-digit number, the unit’s
digit is 3 greater than the ten’s digit.
Find the number if it is 4 times as large
as the sum of its digits.

A. 47 C. 58
B. 36 D. 25
 The sum of two numbers is 21, and
one number is twice the other. Find the
numbers.

A. 8&13 C. 7&14
B. 6&15 D. 9&12
 The sum of the digits of a 3-digit
number is 14. the hundred’s digit being
4 times the unit’s digit. If 594 is
subtracted from the number, the order
of the digits will be reversed. Find the
number
A. 743 C. 563
B. 842 D. 653
 TECHNIQUE:
% ( A)  %( B)  %( A  B)

A+B
A B
% in A % in B % in A + B
Note: “Be extra careful in choosing the percentage when it is implied”
Ex. Pure water is 0% salt
 How many grams of gold must be
added with 500% grams of alloy
containing 30% gold and 70% silver in
order to produce another alloy
analyzing 40% gold and 60% silver

A. 83.33 g C. 71.4g
B. 85.3g D. 85g
 A 40-gram alloy containing 35%
gold is to be melted with a 20-gram
alloy containing 50% gold. How much
percentage of gold is the resulting alloy?

A. 30 % C. 35 %
B. 45 % D. 40 %
 A 100kg salt solution originally 4%
by weight. Salt in water is boiled to
reduce water content until the
concentration is 5% by weight salt. How
much water is evaporated?

A.10 kg C. 25kg
B. 15 kg D. 20kg
Let, x = no. of minute spaces traveled by the minute hand
x/12 = no. of minute spaces traveled by the hour hand for every x
Note: minutes traveled by the minute hand.
Hands of the clock together = 0 minutes difference
hands perpendicular to each other = 15 minutes difference
hands opposite to each other = 30 minutes difference
 If the minute hand moves a distance of x,
the hour hand moves x/12

 If the second hand moves a distance of x,

the minute hand moves x/60, and the hour
hand moves x/720
How many minutes after 2 o’clock will the
hands of the clock be perpendicular for the
first time?

A. 30.16 C. 22.30
B. 27.27 D. 37.37
At what time after 12 o’clock will the hour
hand and the minute hands of a clock form
an angle of 120 degrees for the first time?

A. 12:18.818 C. 12:22.818
B. 12:21.818 D. 12:24.818
What time after 10 o’clock will the hands of the
clock extend in opposite directions for the
first time?
A. 10:43.64
B. 10:21.81
C. 10:34.64
D. 10:34.46
 PRINCIPLE:
 If A can do a job in 4 hours and B can do the
same job in 8 hours, working together from
start.
 a) what part of the job have they done in 2
hours
 b) how many hours can they finish the job?
 PRINCIPLE:

 If 8 persons can do a job in 6 days, the

number of man-days to finish the job is
8(6)= 48 man-days
 Thus, if 12 persons will do the job, it will
take them 48/12 = 4 days to finish it.
 A job could be done by 11 workers in 15
days. 5 workers started the job. They were
reinforced with four more workers at the
beginning of the 6th day. Find the total
number of days it will take them to finish the
job.
 One pipe can fill a tank in 5 hours
and another pipe can fill the same tank
in 4 hrs. A drainpipe can empty the full
content of the tank in 20 hrs. With all
the three pipes open, how long will it
take to fill the tank?
A. 2 hrs C. 1.92 hrs
B. 2.5 hrs D. 1.8 hrs
 3 persons can do a piece of work
alone in 3 hrs, 4 hrs, and 6 hrs,
respectively. What fraction of the job
can they finish in one hour working
together?

A. 4/3 C. 3/4
B. 1/2 D. 2/3
 Peter and Paul can do a certain job
in 3 hrs. On a given day, they worked
together for 1 hour then Paul left and
Peter finishes the rest of the work in 8
more hrs. how long will it take for Peter
to do the job alone?
A. 10 hrs C. 11 hrs
B. 12 hrs D. 13 hrs