OS X Mountain Lion

 OS X Mountain Lion (version 10.8) is the ninth major

release of OS X (previously Mac OS X, now called
macOS), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating
system for Macintosh computers.
 OS X Mountain Lion was released on July 25, 2012
 OS X Mavericks
■ OS X Mavericks (version 10.9) is the tenth major
release of OS X (since June 2016 rebranded as
macOS), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating
system for Macintosh computers.
■ OS X Mavericks was announced on June 10, 2013,
at WWDC 2013, and was released on October 22,
2013 worldwide.
 OS X Yosemite
■ OS X Yosemite (version 10.10) is the eleventh major
release of OS X (now named macOS), Apple Inc.'s
desktop and server operating system
for Macintosh computers.
■ OS X Yosemite was announced and released to
developers on June 2, 2014, at WWDC 2014 and
released to public beta testers on July 24, 2014.
Yosemite was released to consumers on October 16,
2014.
 OS X El Capitan
■ OS X El Capitan (version 10.11) is the twelfth major
release of OS X (renamed to macOS in 2016), Apple Inc.'s
desktop and server operating system for Macintosh. It
focuses mainly on performance, stability and security. El
Capitan received far superior reviews when compared to
Yosemite.
■ The first beta of OS X El Capitan was released to developers
shortly following the WWDC keynote on June 8, 2015. The
first public beta was made available on July 9, 2015. There
were multiple betas released after the keynote. OS X El
Capitan was released to end users on September 30, 2015, as
a free upgrade through the Mac App Store.
 macOS Sierra
■ macOS Sierra (version 10.12) is the thirteenth major
release of macOS (previously Mac OS X from 2001 to
2012 and OS X from 2012 to 2016), Apple Inc.'s desktop
and server operating system for Macintosh.
■ The first beta of macOS Sierra was released to
developers shortly following the 2016 WWDC keynote on
June 13, 2016. The first public-beta release followed on
July 7, 2016. It was released to end users on September
20, 2016, as a free upgrade through the Mac App
Store and it was succeeded by macOS High Sierra on
September 25, 2017.
 macOS High Sierra
■ macOS High Sierra (version 10.13) is the
fourteenth major release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s
desktop operating system for Macintosh computers.
■ macOS High Sierra was announced at
the WWDC 2017 on June 5, 2017 and was released
on September 25, 2017.
 macOS Mojave
■ macOS Mojave (version 10.14) is the fifteenth major
release of macOS, Apple Inc.'s desktop operating
system for Macintosh computers.
■ Mojave was announced at Apple's Worldwide
Developers Conference on June 4, 2018, and was
released to the public on September 24, 2018.
 macOS Catalina
■ macOS Catalina (version 10.15) is the sixteenth and
current major release of macOS, Apple's desktop
operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the
successor to macOS Mojave.
■ It was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019
and released to the public on October 7, 2019.
 LINUX OS
■ Ubuntu ■ Debian
■ Fedora ■ Mandriva
■ Linux Mint ■ Sabayon/Gentoo
■ openSUSE ■ Arch Linux
■ PCLinuxOS ■ Puppy Linux
 Ubuntu
 Ubuntu is a free and open-source Linux distribution based
on Debian. Ubuntu is officially released in three
editions: Desktop, Server, and Core (for internet of
things devices and robots).
 Ubuntu is released every six months, with long-term
support (LTS) releases every two years. The latest release
is 19.10 ("Eoan Ermine"), and the most recent long-term
support release is 18.04 LTS ("Bionic Beaver"), which is
supported until 2023 under public support and until 2028
as a paid option.
 Fedora
■ Fedora or Fedora Linux is a Linux
distribution developed by the community-
supported Fedora Project which is sponsored
primarily by Red Hat Inc. with minor support by other
companies. Fedora contains software distributed
under various free and open-source licenses and
aims to be on the leading edge of free
technologies. Fedora is the upstream source of the
commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux distribution.
 Version (Code name) Release End-of-life Kernel GNOME

1 (Yarrow) 2003-11-05 2004-09-20 2.4.22 2.4

2 (Tettnang) 2004-05-18 2005-04-11 2.6.5 2.6
3 (Heidelberg) 2004-11-08 2006-01-16 2.6.9 2.8
4 (Stentz) 2005-06-13 2006-08-07 2.6.11 2.10
5 (Bordeaux) 2006-03-20 2007-07-02 2.6.15 2.14
6 (Zod) 2006-10-24 2007-12-07 2.6.18 2.16
7 (Moonshine) 2007-05-31 2008-06-13 2.6.21 2.18
8 (Werewolf) 2007-11-08 2009-01-07 2.6.23 2.20
9 (Sulphur) 2008-05-13 2009-07-10 2.6.25 2.22
10 (Cambridge) 2008-11-25 2009-12-18 2.6.27 2.24
11 (Leonidas) 2009-06-09 2010-06-25 2.6.29 2.26
12 (Constantine) 2009-11-17 2010-12-02 2.6.31 2.28
13 (Goddard) 2010-05-25 2011-06-24 2.6.33 2.30
14 (Laughlin) 2010-11-02 2011-12-08 2.6.35 2.32
15 (Lovelock) 2011-05-24 2012-06-26 2.6.38 3.0
16 (Verne) 2011-11-08 2013-02-12 3.1 3.2
17 (Beefy Miracle) 2012-05-29 2013-07-30 3.3 3.4
18 (Spherical Cow) 2013-01-15 2014-01-14 3.6 3.6
19 (Schrödinger's Cat) 2013-07-02 2015-01-06 3.9 3.8
20 (Heisenbug) 2013-12-17 2015-06-23 3.11 3.10
21 2014-12-09 2015-12-01 3.17 3.14
22 2015-05-26 2016-07-19 4.0 3.16
23 2015-11-03 2016-12-20 4.2 3.18
24 2016-06-21 2017-08-08 4.5 3.20
25 2016-11-22 2017-12-12 4.8 3.22
26 2017-07-11 2018-05-29 4.11 3.24
27 2017-11-14 2018-11-30 4.13 3.26
28 2018-05-01 2019-05-28 4.16 3.28
29 2018-10-30 2019-11-26 4.18 3.30
30 2019-05-07 5.0 3.32
31 2019-10-29 5.3 3.34
32 2020-04-21
 Five Editions of Fedora 30
■ Fedora Workstation – It targets users who want a reliable, user-friendly, and powerful
operating system for their laptop or desktop computer. It comes with GNOME by default
but other desktops can be installed or can be directly installed as Spins.
■ Fedora Server – Its target usage is for servers. It includes the latest data
center technologies. This edition doesn't come with a desktop environment, but one
can be installed. From Fedora 28, Server Edition will deliver Fedora Modularity, adding
support for alternative update streams for popular software such as Node.js and
Golang.
■ Fedora CoreOS – It provides a minimal image of Fedora which includes just the bare
essentials. It is meant for deployment in cloud computing. It provides Fedora CoreOS
images which are optimized minimal images for deploying containers.
■ Fedora IoT – Images of Fedora tailored to running on Internet of Things devices.
■ Fedora Silverblue – It targets users who want an immutable desktop and developers
who use container based workflows.
 Linux Mint
■ Linux Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based
on Ubuntu or Debian that strives to be a 'modern, elegant and
comfortable operating system which is both powerful and easy to use'. The
project was created by Clément Lefèbvre and is being actively developed by
the Linux Mint Team and community.
■ On May 31, 2014, with the release of Linux Mint 17
■ Linux Mint team adopted a new release strategy. Starting with the release of Mint 17, all
future versions were planned to use a LTS version of Ubuntu as a base, until 2016.
■ Mint 17.1 was released on November 29, 2014
■ Mint 17.2 was released on June 30, 2015
■ Mint 17.3 was released on December 4, 2015.
■ On January 3, 2018, the Linux Mint Team released news of Linux Mint 19 'Tara’
■ On June 29, 2018, Linux Mint 19 'Tara' Cinnamon was released.
■ As of December 24, 2019, the latest release is Linux Mint 19.3, 'Tricia'. Linux Mint 19.3
will receive security updates until 2023.
 openSUSE
■ openSUSE, formerly SUSE Linux and SuSE Linux Professional, is a Linux
distribution sponsored by SUSE Linux GmbH and other companies. It is
widely used throughout the world. The focus of its development is
creating usable open-source tools for software developers and system
administrators, while providing a user-friendly desktop and feature-rich
server environment.
■ From 2009 to 2014, the openSUSE project aimed to release a new version
every eight months. Prior to the Leap series, versions 11.2-13.2 were
provided with critical updates for two releases plus two months.
■ Starting with version Leap 42.1 (after version 13.2), each major release is
expected to be supported for at least 36 months. Each minor releaseis
expected to be released annually.
 PCLinuxOS
■ PCLinuxOS, often shortened to PCLOS, is an x86-64 Linux distribution, with KDE
Plasma Desktop and MATE as its default user interfaces. It is a primarily free
software operating system for personal computers aimed at ease of use. It is
considered a rolling release.
■ PCLinuxOS 2007- released on May 21, 2007.
■ PCLinuxOS 2009 - The last version of the 2009 Live CD, PCLinuxOS 2009.2, was released on
June 30, 2009.
■ PCLinuxOS 2010 - released on April 19, 2010.
■ PCLinuxOS 2010.1 - Version 2010.1 was released on May 5, 2010.
■ PCLinuxOS 2011.6 - PCLinuxOS 2011.6 version was released on June 27, 2011.
■ PCLinuxOS 2012 - Later another maintenance release was made on August 22, 2012.
- PCLinuxOS 2012.02 version was released on February 22, 2012.
■ PCLinuxOS 2013 64-bit - PCLinuxOS 2013 64-bit first version was released on April 10, 2013.
■ PCLinuxOS 2014.7 - The new version was released on July 7, 2014.