WINDOWS, MAC

OS X AND
LINUX
 What is Windows

■ a computer operating system with a graphical user interface.

■ Microsoft Windows, commonly referred to as Windows, is a
group of several proprietary graphical operating
system families, all of which are developed and marketed
by Microsoft.
■ Windows release on november 20,1985
■ Windows has 15 version
 MS-DOS
■ MS-DOS - Microsoft Disk Operating System (August 1981)
■ Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the
standard operating system for IBM-compatible personal
computers.
■ The creator or inventor of
MS-DOS is TIM PATERSON
 WINDOWS 1.0
■ This is where it all started for Windows. The original Windows 1 was
released in November 20,1985 and was Microsoft’s first true attempt at
a graphical user interface in 16-bit.
■ Development was spearheaded by Microsoft founder Bill Gates and ran
on top of MS-DOS, which relied on command-line input.
■ It was notable because it relied heavily on use of a mouse before the
mouse was a common computer input device. To help users become
familiar with this odd input system, Microsoft included a game, Reversi
(visible in the screenshot) that relied on mouse control, not the keyboard,
to get people used to moving the mouse around and clicking onscreen
elements.
 WINDOWS 2.0
■ Two years after the release of Windows 1, Microsoft’s Windows 2 replaced
it in December 9,1987. The big innovation for Windows 2 was that
windows could overlap each other, and it also introduced the ability to
minimise or maximise windows instead of “iconising” or “zooming”.
■ The control panel, where various system settings and configuration
options were collected together in one place, was introduced in Windows
2 and survives to this day.
■ Microsoft Word and Excel also made their first appearances running on
Windows 2 and BILL GATES also the inventor of windows 2.0.
 Windows 3.0

■ The first Windows that required a hard drive launched in May 22,1990.
Windows 3 was the first to see more widespread success and be
considered a challenger to Apple’s Macintosh and the Commodore Amiga
graphical user interfaces, coming pre-installed on computers from PC-
compatible manufacturers including Zenith Data Systems.
■ Windows 3.0 developed by DAVID CUTLER
 WINDOWS 3.1
■ Windows 1 and 2 both had point release updates, but Windows 3.1
released in April 6,1992 is notable because it introduced TrueType fonts
making Windows a viable publishing platform for the first time.
■ Minesweeper also made its first appearance. Windows 3.1 required 1MB of
RAM to run and allowed supported MS-DOS programs to be controlled
with a mouse for the first time. Windows 3.1 was also the first Windows to
be distributed on a CD-ROM, although once installed on a hard drive it
only took up 10 to 15MB (a CD can typically store up to 700MB).
■ Windows 3.1 developed by Microsoft
 WINDOWS NT

■ A version of the Windows operating system. Windows NT (New

Technology) is a 32-bit operating system that supports preemptive
multitasking. There are actually two versions of Windows NT: Windows NT
Server, designed to act as a server in networks, and Windows NT
Workstation for stand-alone or client workstations.
■ Windows NT Released in July 27,1993
■ Developed by David Cutler
 WINDOWS 95

■ Windows 95 was released in August 24,1995 and was a major upgrade

to the Windows operating system. This OS was a significant advancement
over its precursor, Windows 3.1. In addition to sporting a new user
interface, Windows 95 also includes a number of important internal
improvements. Perhaps most important, it supports 32-bit applications,
which means that applications written specifically for this operating
system should run much faster.
■ WINDOWS 95 is also developed by Microsoft.
 WINDOWS 98

■ Windows 98 offers support for a number of new technologies, including

FAT32, AGP, MMX, USB, DVD, and ACPI. Its most visible feature, though, is
the Active Desktop, which integrates the Web browser (Internet Explorer)
with the operating system. From the user's point of view, there is no
difference between accessing a document residing locally on the user's
hard disk or on a Web server halfway around the world.
■ Windows 98 release in june 25,1998
■ Windows 98 developed by Microsoft
■ Windows 98 has a codenamed ‘memphis”
 WINDOWS 2000

■ The enterprise twin of ME, Windows 2000 was released in February17,2000

and was based on Microsoft’s business-orientated system Windows NT
and later became the basis for Windows XP.
■ It was released to manufacturing on december 15,1999 and launched to
retail on February 17,2000
■ Windows 2000 Developed by microsoft.
 WINDOWS ME

■ The Windows Millennium Edition, called "Windows Me" was an update to

the Windows 98 core and included some features of the Windows
2000 operating system. This version also removed the "boot in DOS"
option.
■ Windows ME developed by Bill Gates
■ Windows Me Released in september 14,2000
 WINDOWS XP

■ Windows XP was released in October 25,2001. Along with a redesigned

look and feel to the user interface, the new operating system is built on the
Windows 2000 kernel, giving the user a more stable and reliable
environment than previous versions of Windows. Windows XP comes in
two versions, Home and Professional. Microsoft focused on mobility for
both editions, including plug and play features for connecting to wireless
networks. The operating system also utilizes the 802.11x wireless security
standard. Windows XP is one of Microsoft's best-selling products.
■ WINDOWS XP Developed by Bill Gates
 WINDOWS VISTA
■ Windows Vista offered an advancement in reliability, security, ease of
deployment, performance and manageability over Windows XP. New in this
version was capabilities to detect hardware problems before they occur,
security features to protect against the latest generation of threats, faster
start-up time and low power consumption of the new sleep state. In many
cases, Windows Vista is noticeably more responsive than Windows XP on
identical hardware. Windows Vista simplifies and centralizes desktop
configuration management, reducing the cost of keeping systems updated.
■ Windows Vista Developed by Microsoft
■ Windows Vista released in November 8,2006
■ Windows Vista was called a Longhorn but it change to Windows
Vista
 WINDOWS 7

■ Windows 7 was released by Microsoft on October 22, 2009 as the latest in

the 25-year-old line of Windows operating systems and as the successor
to Windows Vista (which itself had followed Windows XP). Windows 7 was
released in conjunction with Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7's server
counterpart. Enhancements and new features in Windows 7 include multi-
touch support, Internet Explorer 8, improved performance and start-up
time, Aero Snap, Aero Shake, support for virtual hard disks, a new and
improved Windows Media Center, and improved security.
■ Windows 7 Developed by Microsoft
 WINDOWS 8

■ Released in October 26,2012, Windows 8 was Microsoft’s most radical

overhaul of the Windows interface, ditching the Start button and Start
menu in favour of a more touch-friendly Start screen.
■ The new tiled interface saw programme icons and live tiles, which
displayed at-a-glance information normally associated with “widgets”,
replace the lists of programmes and icons. A desktop was still included,
which resembled Windows 7.
■ Windows 8 Developed by Microsoft
 WINDOWS 10

■ Announced on 30 September 2014, Windows 10 has only been released as

a test version for keen users to try. The “technical preview” is very much
still a work in progress.
■ Windows 10 represents another step in Microsoft’s U-turn, bringing back
the Start menu and more balance to traditional desktop computer users.
■ Windows 10 was first released as a preview on October 1, 2014 and the
final version of windows 10 was released to the public in July 29,2015.
 MAC OS X(2001)

■ macOS is a series of proprietary graphical operating systems developed

and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system
for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop, laptop and home
computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop
OS, after Microsoft Windows.
■ macOS is the second major series of macintosh operating systems.
■ The "X" in Mac OS X and OS X is the Roman numeral for the number 10
and is pronounced as such.
ALL VERSION OF MAC OS X
 MAC OS X 10.0
■ Mac OS X version 10.0 (code named Cheetah) is the
first major release of Mac OS X , Apple’s desktop and
server operating system.
■ Mac OS X version 10.0 was released on march
24,2001
 MAC OS X 10.1
■ Mac OS X 10.1 (code named Puma) is the
second major release of Mac OS X (now named
macOS), Apple's desktop and server operating
system.
■ It was released on september 25,2001
 MAC OS X 10.2
■ Mac OS X Jaguar (version 10.2) is the third major
release of Mac OS X (now named
macOS), Apple's desktop and server operating
system.
■ It was released on august 23,2002
 MAC OS X 10.3
■ Mac OS X Panther (version 10.3) is the fourth major
release of Mac OS X (now named
macOS), Apple’s desktop and server operating
system. It followed Mac OS X 10.2 and preceded Mac
OS X Tiger. Apple released Panther on October 24,
2003.
 MAC OS X 10.4
■ Mac OS X Tiger (version 10.4) is the fifth major
release of Mac OS X, Apple's desktop
and server operating system for Mac computers.
Tiger was released to the public on April 29, 2005 as
the successor to Mac OS X 10.3 Panther.
 MAC OS X 10.5
■ Mac OS X Leopard (version 10.5) is the sixth major
release of Mac OS X (now named
macOS), Apple's desktop and server operating
system for Macintosh computers. Leopard was
released on October 26, 2007 as the successor
of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger.
 MAC OS X 10.6
■ Mac OS X Snow Leopard (version 10.6) is the
seventh major release of Mac OS X (now named
macOS), Apple's desktop and server operating
system for Macintosh computers.
■ It was released on August 28,2009
 MAC OS X 10.7
■ Mac OS X Lion (version 10.7) is the eighth major
release of Mac OS X (now named macOS), Apple's
desktop and server operating
system for Macintosh computers.
■ It was released on July 20,2011
 DEBIAN
■ Debian,also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a Linux
distribution composed of free and open-source software,
developed by the community-supported Debian Project,
which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993.
The first version, Debian 0.01, was released on September 15,
1993,and the first stable version, 1.1, was released on June
17, 1996.The Debian Stable branch is the most popular edition
for personal computers and servers, and is the basis for many
other distributions.
 MANDRIVA
■ Mandriva Linux (a fusion of the French
distribution Mandrakelinux or Mandrake Linux and the
Brazilian distribution Conectiva Linux) was a Linux
distribution developed by Mandriva S.A.
■ Mandriva Linux 2011 was released only with KDE Plasma
Desktop, whereas other desktop environments were available
but not officially supported.Older Mandriva versions also
used KDE as standard but others such as GNOME were also
supported.
■ Released on July 23,1998
 SABAYON/GENTOO
■ Gentoo Linux is a Linux distribution built using the Portage
package management system. Unlike a binary software
distribution, the source code is compiled locally according to
the user's preferences and is often optimized for the specific
type of computer. Precompiled binaries are available for some
larger packages or those with no available source code.
■ Released on July 26,2000
 ARCH LINUX
■ Arch Linux is a Linux distribution for computers based
on x86-64 architectures.The Arch Linux repositories contain
both Free, and Opensource software, and the default Arch
Linux kernel contains Opensouce proprietary blobs, hence
the distribution is not endorsed by the GNU(GNU’s Not Unix)
project.
■ Released on march 11,2002
 PUPPY LINUX
■ Puppy Linux is an operating system and family of light-weight
Linux distributions that focus on ease of use and
minimal memory footprint.
■ Released on June 19,2003