ETBI-2

Internet of Things

Dr. Surinder Batra

sbatra@imt.edu
 Contents
What is IoT
Devices that can be connected in IoT
Drivers of IoT
IoT Architecture
IoT Platforms
IoT Applications
IoT Consortiums
IoT Vulnerabilities
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 IoT signifies…
Provision of internet connectivity from:
– Device to Device
– Device to Person
– Person to Device
Transformation from the erstwhile Internet
connectivity from People to People only
Also called M2M and HMI

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 A definition of IOT

IoT is a connection of devices to the Internet

using embedded software and sensors to
communicate, collect and exchange data with
one another

Each device must have its unique IP Address

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 Types of Devices
Smartphones
Tablets
TVs
Gaming Consoles
Home Appliances such as Intelligent ovens and
Online refrigerators
Security Systems
Smart meters
Vending machines
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 Other IOT Objects
Wearables
Smart Tooth Brush
Personal medical devices such as heart monitor
implants and Fitbit
Farm animals with biochip transponders
Connected Cars

A human being is typically surrounded by 1000 to

5000 objects which can be tracked
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 IoT has made the Internet sensory!

It allows sensing of temperature, pressure,

vibration, light, moisture and stress

Also called Internet of Every Thing (IoE)

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8
 No. of connected devices
Varying estimates of no. of connected
devices
As per one estimate, globally there will be
over 64 billion connected devices by 2025
127 new devices are connected to the
Internet every second
https://techjury.net/stats-about/internet-of-
things-statistics/

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• Even 50 billion devices represents only 2.77% of
all devices available for connectivity

• As per CISCO estimate, data generated through

IoT Devices will be 500 Zeta Bytes per year
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-data-
volume/

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 Drivers of IoT
• Reducing Prices of Sensors
• Expanding Internet Connections
• Expanding Use of Smart Phones and Tablets
• Innovative applications spiking the demand
• IPv6 Protocol providing 2128 Internet Addresses
(against 232 on IPv4 Protocol)

https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/here-are-the-
four-key-elements-that-will-make-the-internet-of-things-an-
absolutely-massive-market/articleshow/44818115.cms
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Basic schema of things in IOT

“THINGS” Layer

“DEVICES” Layer

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Elaborating on Things layer

“THINGS” Layer

Gateway
Sensors

COMMUNICATION

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Parameters in Things Layer
…
“THINGS” Layer

Connectivity Data Transfer Edge Protocols

1. Wi-fi 1. Synchronous 1. Dumb 1. Device to

2. Bluetooth 2. Asynchronous 2. Smart Gateway
3. Radio 2. Gateway to
4. Point to Point IOT Platform
Lease line

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 How does IoT work?
Sensors collect data from environment
Data is sent to the cloud through connectivity
components
Gateway is a bridge between sensor and cloud
Data is processed at the cloud through software
and information generated for action
Action required may be conveyed to the user or
action may be taken automatically
User may also have the discretion to make
adjustments
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How does IoT work (Contd.)?
In certain applications, connectivity with the
cloud is skipped because of:
– Need for latency
– All data collected need not be sent to cloud
In such cases, processing is done through edge
computing/ fog computing

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 Deployment of IoT
Human Body
Homes
Offices
Retail Outlets
Vehicles
Factories
Field Operations (example: Oil & Gas Pipelines)
Cities
Other Spaces
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Key Sectors of IOT Deployment
• Health Care
• Travel & Transport
• Energy/ Utilities
• Retail
• Telecom
• Manufacturing
• Smart Homes
• Smart Cities

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 What is an IoT Platform?
Support software that connects everything in an
IoT system.
Facilitates communication, data flow and device
management
Connects hardware
Handles different communication protocols
Provides security and authentication
Collects, visualizes, and analyses data
Integrates with other web services
https://www.link-labs.com/blog/what-is-an-iot-
platform
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 IoT Platform Market
Expected to reach a $1.6 billion market size in
2021
There are around 700 IoT platforms
Top IoT Platforms:
AWS
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud
IBM Watson
CISCO IoT Cloud Connect
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Select Use Cases

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 Select Use Cases
Freezer temperature mgmt. for a retailer
Inventory Management for Automotive
Parts
Patient health monitoring

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Freezer temperature mgmt. for a
retailer – say Big Bazar
1.Cooler temperature shows a
sudden spike
2.Temperature reading is
communicated to IOT
Platform by temperature
sensor
3.IOT platform messages the
service operator of this
anomaly
4.Service operator fixes the
issue in time and saves food
inventory
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Inventory Management for Automotive Parts
1.IOT devices monitor the Inventory levels of
automotive parts at various assembler units
2.Automotive parts manufacturer plans demand
based on Inventory status in real time
3.Distributer loads truck based on Inventory
information and proceeds with replenishment
4.When en-route, an assembler unit runs out of
stock due to sudden demand spike
5.Real time message to distributor on this
emergency situation
6.Distributor re-routes to replenish the stock-out
assembler unit 24
 Patient health monitoring

1.Patient vital stats are measured by intelligent

medical devices

2.Anomaly readings like High BP, Abnormal Heart

Beat, lowered oxygen levels etc. are relayed to
concerned medical practitioner in real time

3.Medical practitioner can provide timely response

to patient health anomalies

4.Improved medical treatment by the practitioner

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 IoT Consortiums
A Consortium is a group of organizations that
work together to achieve a common objective
Example
IIoT (A Non-profit organization for promotion of
open standards and inter-operability of
technologies for industrial and M2M
Environments)
Founded in 2014 by AT&T, CISCO, GE, IBM &
Intel
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Industrial-
Internet-Consortium-IIC
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 IoT Vulnerabilities
• IoT devices and relative Network and Software
are vulnerable to attacks
• May lead to hackers gaining access to
organizational data
• Need for an integrated approach to keeping an
inventory of IoT devices in the organization and
their dedicated monitoring
• Need for IoT Security Standards
https://www.iotforall.com/mitigate-iot-security-risks/
https://www.networkworld.com/article/3332032/top-10-iot-
vulnerabilities.html
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