a. Define and describe liquids.

b. Identify the different properties of liquids.

c. Relate properties of liquid with intermolecular
forces.
WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
LIQUID?
WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
LIQUID?
Ability to
flow
WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
LIQUID?
Ability to
flow

Doesn’t
have
definite
shape
WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
LIQUID?
Ability to
flow
Molecules
are far
apart
Doesn’t
have
definite
shape
- are one of the states of matter. The particles
in a liquid are free to flow, so while
a liquid has a definite volume, it does not have
a definite shape.
- Liquids consist of atoms or molecules that are
connected by intermolecular
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Properties of Liquids
Surface Tension
Capillary action
- Cohesion
- Adhesion
Viscosity
Structure and Properties of Water
-is the amount of energy required to
stretch or increase the surface of the
liquid by a unit area

Liquids that have strong IMF have high

surface tensions

Figure 1: Intermolecular forces acting on

a molecule in the surface layer of a
liquid and in the interior region of the
liquid.
Figure 2: Surface tension enables water strider to Figure 3: Water beads on a car
‘walk’ on water.

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CAPILLARY ACTION-
is the ability of a liquid to
flow in narrow spaces
without the assistance of, or
even in opposition to,
external forces like gravity.
Figure 4: Colored liquids exhibiting capillary
action through the cabbages
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CAPILLARY ACTION

Cohesion- is a measure of how well

the same molecules stick to each other or
group together.

Figure 4: Colored liquids exhibiting capillary

action through the cabbages
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CAPILLARY ACTION

Adhesion- the tendency of some

substances to cling to other substances

Figure 4: Colored liquids exhibiting capillary

action through the cabbages
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CAPILLARY ACTION

Cohesion- is a measure of how well

the same molecules stick to each other or
group together.
Adhesion- the tendency of some
substances to cling to other substances.
Figure 5: Water and mercury exhibiting
cohesion and adhesion
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CAPILLARY ACTION

Capillary action occurs when

the adhesion to the walls is
stronger than the cohesive
forces between the liquid
molecules. Figure 6: Water has a greater adhesion force
resulting to an upward meniscus
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 Table 1: Viscosity of Some Common Liquids
at 20˚C
Liquid Viscosity
(N.s/m2)
Acetone (C3H6O) 3.16 x 10-4
-is a measure of
fluid’s resistance to Benzene (C6H6) 6.25 x 10-4
flow. Blood 4 x 10-3
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 9.69 x 10-4
The greater the viscosity, the Diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5) 2.33 x 10-4
slower the liquid flows Ethanol (C2H5OH) 1.20 x 10-3
Glycerol (C3H8O3) 1.49
Liquids that have high IMF Mercury (Hg) 1.55 x 10-3
have high viscosity
Water (H2O) 1.01 x 10-3
 Table 1: Viscosity of Some Common Liquids
at 20˚C
Liquid Viscosity
(N.s/m2)
Acetone (C3H6O) 3.16 x 10-4
- Glycerol Benzene (C6H6) 6.25 x 10-4
Blood 4 x 10-3
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 9.69 x 10-4
Diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5) 2.33 x 10-4
Ethanol (C2H5OH) 1.20 x 10-3
Glycerol (C3H8O3) 1.49
Mercury (Hg) 1.55 x 10-3
Water (H2O) 1.01 x 10-3
Figure 7: Ice cubes (left) float on water while solid benzene
(right) sinks to the bottom of liquid benzene
 Each O (red) atom is bonded to
four H (white) atoms. The hydrogen
bonds are shown by gray solid
lines.

The empty space in the structure

accounts for the low density of ice.

Figure 8: The 3-dimensional structure of ice

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WHY ARE MOTORISTS ADVISED TO USE MORE
VISCOUS OILS FOR THEIR ENGINES IN THE
SUMMER AND LESS VISCOUS OILS IN THE WINTER?

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