GENERAL INTRODUCTION

 Sound is generated when a surface is vibrated.

 It travels through air and liquid as longitudinal
waves, but through solids, it travels as both
longitudinal and transverse waves.

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Characteristics of sound
 There are three characteristics of sound.

 Intensity and loudness and it is measured in

decibel

 Frequency and pitch of sound it is measured in

“Hertz" (Hz) or "cycles per second”.

 Quality or timbre of sound.

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Acoustics general introduction
• The scientific study of the phenomenon of
sound is known as Acoustics.

• Acoustics as applied to buildings which

assures the optimum conditions for
• Producing sound/speech/music
• Listening of sound/speech/music
• Recording /editing of sound etc.

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Acoustical Interaction

Acoustics means to work on these three

parameters and improve sound experience.
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Reflection of sound waves.
 Reflection of sound waves is exactly the same as
that of light waves.
 That is angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection. *c
REFLECTED WAVE
INCIDENT WAVE

*c *c

REFLECTING SURFACE.

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Absorption of sound waves.
 Absorption refers to a material, structure or object
absorbing sound energy when sound waves collide
with it

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Diffusion of sound waves
 It takes place when the striking surface is
reflecting (hard) but rough.

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The behavior of sound in ENCLOSURES
 When the sound waves strike the surface
of room three things happen

(1) Some of the sound is reflected back in the room.

(2) Some of the sound energy is absorbed by the
surfaces and listeners of the room/hall .
(3) And some of the sound is transmitted out of the
room through vibrations of floors, walls and
ceilings.
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The behavior of sound in ENCLOSURES
 The amount of sound reflected and absorbed
depends upon the different surfaces of room.

 And the sound transmitted outside the room will

depend upon .

 The sound insulation properties of walls , floors

and ceiling etc. .

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Acoustical defects (Reverberation)
Reverberation, or reverb, is created when a sound
or signal is reflected causing a large number of
reflections to build up. most noticeable when the
sound source stops but the reflections continue,
decreasing in amplitude.

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Acoustical defects (Reverberation)

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Reverberation time & quality of sound
 Reverberation time should remain within limits as per
Indian Standard Code: 2526-1963.

Sr. RECOMMENDED TIME IN ACOUSTICS

No. SECONDS
1 0.50 to 1.50 Excellent
2 1.50 to 2.00 Good
3 2.00 to 3.00 Fairly good
4 3.00 to 5.00 Bad
5 Above 5.0 seconds Very bad

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Acoustical defects (echo)
It is the interpretation of the persistence
of sound after a sound is produced. Most noticeable
when the sound source stops but
the reflections continue, decreasing in its
amplitude.

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EFFECTS OF NOISE
 It creates discomfort.
 It has adverse effect on blood pressure , sleep and
causes muscular strains.
 It leads to fatigue and decreases the efficiency of a
person.
 It disturbs concentration.
 Prolonged exposure to noise may result in temporary
deafness or even nervous breakdown.

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Acceptable indoor noise level
NOISE LEVEL
TYPE OF BUILDING IN DECIBLE (dB)

25-30 dB
Radios and TV studios
30-35 dB
Music rooms

35-40 dB
Hospitals and auditoriums

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Acceptable indoor noise level
Apartments , hotels and homes 35-40 dB

Conference rooms , small offices and libraries 35-40 dB

Court rooms and class rooms 40-45 dB

Large public office , banks and stores 45-50 dB

Restaurants 50-55 dB

Factories 55-65 dB

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Transmission loss (TM) of sound
•When sound is transmitted from source or
origin to the adjoining room/ area, reduction
in sound intensity takes place.
•This is known as transmission loss (TM)
•Measured in decibels (dB)

60 decibels 40 decibels

TM=60-40=20 DECIBELS.

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Types of sound insulating materials
 Non porous rigid.
 Porous rigid materials.
 Non rigid porous flexible materials.

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Types of sound insulating materials
 Non porous rigid
 Brick masonry plastered on both sides
 Stone masonry structures
 Concrete structures
 RCC Structures
 Porous rigid materials.
 Light weight concrete
 Cellular concrete
 Gypsum board partitions

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Types of sound insulating materials
 Non rigid porous flexible materials
 Perforated boards

 Fiber boards

 Mineral wool boards

 Glass wool

 Carpet

 Quit barrier

 Acoustic tiles /sheets

 Foams etc.

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Perforated board
 Sound absorbing up to Class
C, upto 39dB
 Takes up to 3kg / m²
without any additional
support
 Seamless and monolithic
appearance
 'Invisible' access hatches
that match the board
pattern
 Can be decorated in any
colour
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Fibre board
 Sound absorbing upto 26
dB
 Manufatured from wood
fibre.
 Used underlay for wood
flooring.
 It is 5.5mm thick and easy
to lay.

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Mineral wool board
 Mineral Wool Panels have
thickness varying from 2
“ to 4”.
 Thick panels provide
sound absorbtion upto 35
dB

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Glass wool
 Available in both batt and
roll form.
 Sound absorption upto 36
dB

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 Carpet
Carpet is an outstanding sound
absorptive material. When
properly selected, carpet absorbs
airborne noise as efficiently as
many specialized acoustical
materials. No other acoustical
material performs the dual role of
a floor covering and a versatile
acoustical aid.
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Quiet Barrier (HD)
A flexible, 2lb per sq./ft. 1/4
in. thick, high density
material with a smooth
surface designed to
reduce noise transmission
between two spaces.
Applications include
reducing airborne noise
transmission

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Quiet Barrier (MD)
A flexible, 1lb per sq./ft.
1/8 in. thick, high density
material with a smooth
surface specially
engineered to reduce
noise transmission
between two spaces.

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 Quiet Batt
A premium high-performance
acoustical/thermal insulation
manufactured from 80%
recycled cotton fibers. QUIET
BATT® offers superior noise
reduction versus typical
fiberglass, cellulose and foam
insulations

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Tough Core Ceiling Tiles
High-performance composite
ceiling panel. Especially well-
suited to minimize sound
transmission between adjacent
spaces sharing a common attic
space. Available in a variety of
finish options and edge details.

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31
Sound insulating techniques
There are some construction techniques also which
are adopted for sound insulation.
 Double wall construction.
 Cavity wall construction.
 False ceiling.
 Hollow block construction.
 Double pane windows.
 Baffle blocks, honey combs etc.

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Sound insulating techniques
 Double wall construction .

BOARDS WOODEN STUDS

BOARDS
SOUND ABSORBING BLANKET
WOODEN STUDS

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Sound insulating techniques
 Cavity wall construction.

EXTERNAL WALL 13MM CELOTEX OR OTHER

PLASTERED INSULATING BOARD

5CM CAVITY
METAL FLY

BRICK WALL 10CM

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Sound insulating techniques
 False ceiling.

REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF

SUSPENDERS

FALSE CEILING

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Sound insulating techniques
 Hollow block construction.

HOLLOW

COMPRESSED CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS

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Sound insulating techniques
 Baffle block construction.

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Typical insulation values for
different type of walls
Sr. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION APPROX. Average
no. WEIGHT IN TL in
Kg/sq. m dB
1 One brick thick wall that is 20 cm. 485-490 50

2 One and half brick thick wall that is 30 705-710 53

cm.

3 Cavity wall having two leaves each of half 485-490 50-53

brick thickness with 5cm cavity.

4 Cavity wall having two 10 cm thick leaves 310-312 50

of clinker block with 5cm cavity.

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Typical insulation values for
different type of walls
Sr. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION APPROX. Average
no. WEIGHT IN TL in
Kg/sq. m dB
5 Half brick wall with 13mm thick plaster 268-270 45
on both sides.

6 20 cm thick hollow dense concrete block 185 45

wall with 13 mm thick plaster on both
sides.
7 Partition wall made with gypsum wall 60-70 45
board fixed on timber frame work.

8 76 mm thick hollow clay block wall with 108-110 36

13 mm thick plaster on both sides.

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Reference – www.wikipedia.com, www. Acoustics.ac
in, www.paroc.com, www.ecophon.com

THANK YOU

SUBMITTED TO – AR. SNEHA ARORA

SUBMITTED BY – AKASH JANGID
ASHISH KUMAWAT
RAHUL CHOUDHARY

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