ACTIVITY

PICK ANY SONG THAT YOU

THINK IS RELEVANT. THIS CAN
BE POP R&B , CLASSIC ROCK
COUNTRY OR WHATEVER YOU
LIKE. WRITE THE LYRICS AND
ANALYZE HOW THE MULTIPLE
SELVES WERE DEPICTED IN THE
SONG.

1
PSYCHOLOGY
GROUP 1
OBJECTIVES:

A.Demonstrate critical and

reflective thought in analysing
the different psychological
theories in the study of “self”
B.Expound the self as a cognitive
construction
C.Examine the self as proactive
and agentic

3
-
🏃 PSYCHOLOGY
OF SELF
Focuses on the representation of an individual based
on his/her experiences.
- Experiences that a person is engaged in.

“Drawing on caves suggests that sometime during the dawn of

history, human beings began to give serious thought to their
nonphysical, psychological selves. With the advent of written history,
writers would describe this awareness of self in terms of spirit, psyche
or soul.”
- Pajares & Shunck, 2002
4
 👪
The self- as a cognitive
construction

5
 “
Cognitive construction is a cognitive approach
that focuses on the mental processes rather than
observable behavior. This approach assist
individuals in assimilating new information to
their existing knowledge and will be able to make
the appropriate modification to their existing
intellectual framework to accommodate new
information.
6
👨
WILLIAM JAMES & the
“ME-SELF, I-SELF”

7
Wilhelm Wundt

■ Father of Scientific Psychology

■ He studied what Aguirre (2011)
mentioned as
“ phenomenon of the consciousness” and
urged the interest to study further about
the self and its role in human behavior.

■ He developed a classic distinction

between the self as KNOWER (pure ego)
and the self as KNOWN
8
(empirical self)
 “
William James suggested that “the total self
of ‘Me’, being as it were duplex “ is
composed of “partly object and partly
subject.”
He differentiated between the Self as
KNOWER or the “I” and the Self as KNOWN
or “ME”.
9
 “
He referred to the “I” as pure ego and
suggested that this component of self is
consciousness itself.
The “ME” on the other hand is composed of
the three components , one physical or
material, one social and one spiritual.
(Pajares & Shunck, 2002)
10
 The three components of “ME”

MATERIAL SELF SOCIAL SELF SPIRITUAL SELF

-Our social selves - Is who we are at the
are who we are in a core.
- Consists of things given social - More concrete or
that belong to us or situation. permanent than the
that we belong to. two selves.
- People change
E.g Family, clothes, how they act - Subjective and most
body, money depending on the intimate self.
situation they are E.g His/her
in. personality, core
11 values, conscience
 Global versus
Differentiated Models

12
 SELF- ESTEEM

3 TYPES OF
Self Esteem is a SELF-ESTEEM:
person’s overall ■ GLOBAL SELF- ESTEEM
self- evaluation or
sense of self- ■ STATE SELF- ESTEEM
worth and deeply ■ DOMAIN SPECIFIC
embedded in SELF- ESTEEM
particular culture.
- (Brown & Marchall,
2006)

13
 Three Types of Self-Esteem
GLOBAL STATE SELF-
SELF- ESTEEM ESTEEM
- a.k.a TRAIT self- esteem - a.k.a Feelings of Self-
- Is a personality variable worth
that represents the way - Refers to temporary
people generally feel feelings or
about themselves. momentary
- Enduring across time emotional reactions
and situations to positive and
negative events
- Is a decision people where we feel good
make about their worth
or bad about
as a person ourselves during
these experiences or
situations.
14
DOMAIN
SPECIFIC
SELF- ESTEEM
- a.k.a Self- Evaluations
- Is focused on how
people evaluate their
various abilities and
attributes.
- Making distinctions on
how good or bad
people are in specific
physical attributes,
abilities and personal
characteristics.
REAL AND IDEAL
CONCEPTS

15
 “
SELF as the regulating center of an
individual’s personality and self-processes
under the guise of id, ego and superego
functioning.
(Pajares & Shunck, 2002)

16
 “
Prominent psychologists followed with their
own perspectives of the self to contest the
roles and functions of ego as the self.

17
👩 Karen Horney
(Feminine Psychology)

- Stated that a person has an “ideal self” and “actual self

and the “real self”
- Believed that everyone experiences basic anxiety
through which we experience conflict and strive to cope
and employ tension reduction approaches.
- If people feel inferior, an IDEALIZED SELF- IMAGE, an
imaginary picture of the self as the possessor of
unlimited powers and superlative qualities is developed.
- Actual self and Real self

18
 “
ACTUAL SELF, the person one is in everyday life, is
often despised because it fails to fulfill the
requirement of the idealized image. On the other
hand, underlying both actual and idealized self is
the REAL SELF which is revealed only as a person
begins to shed the various techniques developed
to deal with basic anxiety and to find ways
resolving conflicts. Thus, real self is not an “entity”
but a ‘force’ that impels growth and self-
realization.
19
👨
Carl Rogers
(Person- Centered Theory)

- Established a conception of self involving the REAL

SELF ( self-concept) and IDEAL SELF.

“ The REAL SELF includes all those aspects of one’s

being and one’s experiences that are perceived in
awareness by the individual.”

Which means
“it is a part of ourselves where we feel, think, look and
act involving our self-image. “

20
 “
On the other hand, the IDEAL SELF revolves
around goals and ambitions in life , which is
dynamic, the idealized image that we have
developed over time. “

This is also what our parents have taught us considering:

what we admire in others, what our society promotes and
what we think are in our best interest.

21
 If there is a gap
between the Ideal
Self and the Real
Self, it indicates
“ Example:
If the way that I am is not
incongruence and aligned with how I want to
an unhealthy be , the lack of alignment
personality. will result to mental distress
Merely, could or greater level of anxiety.
result to anxiety
and mental
distress to a
Hence, there should be no
person.
gap between the ideal self
and the real self.
22
👪
MULTIPLE vs. UNIFIED
SELVES

23
MULTIPLE
SELVES “
Are the capacities we carry within us from
multiple relationships and these are not
discovered but it is CREATED in our
relationships with other people.

24
 In a healthy
person, Ego

UNIFIED remains at the

helm of mind,

SELVES “ coherent and

organized,
staying at the
center.

As what stated in Traditional Psychology, it

emphasizes that well- being comes when our
personality dynamics are congruent, cohesive
and consistent. It is understood that a person is
essentially connected with selfhood and
identity.

25
TRUE vs. FALSE SELVES

26
DONALD W. - Distinguished “true self”

WINNICOTT
from the “false self” in human
personality.
Considers true self , ‘as based on
a sense of being in the
experiencing body’ while false
self as a necessary defensive
organization , a survival kit, a
caretaker self ,the means by
which a threatened persin has
managed to survive.

27
 TRUE SELF False self
has a sense of integrity, Is used when the person
of connected wholeness has to comply with
that harks to the early external rules, such as
stage. being polite or following
HEALTHY FALSE social codes or rules.
SELF - Seeks to anticipate
demands of others in
False Selves can Is functional, can be
order to maintain the
lead to narcissistic compliant but without
relationship.
the feeling that it has
personality which
betrayed its true self.
identifies with
UNHEALTHY FASE
external factors at
the cot of one’s own SELF
autonomous Fits in but through a
creativity. feeling of forced
compliance rather than
Heinz Kohut loving adaptation .
(1971)
28
👤
THE SELF AS PROACTIVE
AND AGENTIC

29
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

People are self-

Takes an agentic regulating, People
view of personality, proactive, self- consciously act
meaning that reflective, and on their
humans have the self-organizing environment in a
capacity to and that they manner that
exercise control have the power to permits grwth
over their own influence their toward
lives. own actions to psychological
produce desired health.
consequences

30
AGENT
SELF “
Known as the ‘Executive Function’ that allows
for actions.
This is how individuals , make choices and
utilize our control in situations and actions. It
resides over everything such as decision
making, self- control, taking charge in any
situations and actively responding.
31
 Lies at the

SELF center of
“Bandura’s

“
Social
EFFICACY Cognitive
Theory”

The belief that people are capable of

performing actions that will produce a desired
effect.
It is the measure of one’s ability to complete
goals. People with high self-efficacy is eager to
accept challenges because they believe they
can overcome them , but others with low self-
efficacy avoids challenges .
32
Thanks!
Any questions?
GROUP MEMBERS:
Abequibel , Mark John Lloyd
Olvina, Apple Joy
Lagbas, Jeriel
Tupaz, Kryztal
Patiluna, Kyla Faye
Rabara, Kim Andrei
Calixton, Jenny Dale
Arquisola, Ayessa

33
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Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been associated
light, yellow is found between green and green on the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and courage.
and orange.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and ripe Is the colour of the clear sky and the Is the color of blood, and because of
lemons. In the spectrum of visible deep sea. It is located between violet this it has historically been associated
light, yellow is found between green and green on the optical spectrum. with sacrifice, danger and courage.
and orange.

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