TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

IGO’s

INGO’s

TNC’s/MNC’s
 PURPOSE
IGO’S INGO’S TNC’S/MNC’S

• Established by treaty; • essentially nonprofit, • for-profit firms that

A legal entity w/ int’l private organizations have subsidiaries in
legal status - can that engage in a two or more
enter into treaties; variety of countries and
• Probably has a international engage in
legislative body (of activities (e.g. transnational
gov’t Amnesty production activities
representatives); International, involving movement
• May have a dispute Greenpeace, of goods and
resolution body; International services across
• May have an Committee for Red national boundaries
executive body Cross, World Vision (e.g. Wal-Mart,
(secretariat). International, etc.) McDonalds, General
Motors, Boeing,
Adidas, etc).
MAJOR DATES SURROUNDING THE BIRTH OF UN
• September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland, start of WWII in Europe
• Dec. 8, 1941 – US enters WWII after Japan bomb Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7
• June 6, 1944, D – Day invasion opens second front in Europe
• Jan. 27, 1945, Auschwitz concentration camp liberated by Soviet Red Army
• May 8, 1945, VE Day
• June 25, 1945, UN Charter approved, San Francisco
• Aug. 15, 1945, VJ Day
• Oct. 24, 1945, UN Charter becomes effective
 BIRTH OF UN
• League of Nations
• US, Britain, China, Soviet Union – Four Policemen
• Franklin D. Roosevelt

• To provide security to the world, in case an aggressive

country started to run amok or seek to grab territory or
invade its neighbors.

• A new global institution will stop them. – “ An attack on

one is an attack on all.”
THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM:
• Formed at the end of World War II
• To promote peace and development
• Most visible IGO, and broadest scope
• Membership universal
• A body that represents the international community
• Provides way of solving Global problems effectively
without force
• Others sees it as a potential threat to national
sovereignty , because it interferes with a states domestic
concerns
THE PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES OF UN

• Peace and Security

• Mutual Cooperation
• Based on sovereign equality of states
• Relative rights of small and big
countries – one state, one vote
MAJOR ORGANS IN THE UNITED NATIONS
The
Secretariat

The General The Security

Assembly Council

Trusteeship
ECOSOC
Council

International
Court of
Justice
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
• 193 members
• Not to pass laws but to provide a forum for debate on global issues, and to
express when possible , international consensus.
• Has the right to consider almost any issue it chooses, its resolutions are not
considered la, and therefor no state is compelled to comply.
• The UN Charter gives the General Assembly the power to discuss any
questions or any matters within the scope of the present charter.
• Its clear power is on UN Budget,
• Its power is limited out of respect for the doctrine of sovereignty.
• It is also limited to the interest of the most powerful states, which refuses
to be bound by an organization they do not control.
• Budget authority – 2009 - $2Billion – it depends on the dues paid by
members,
• 80% of its members fail to pay its dues
 THE SECRETARIAT
• Roughly 8900 employees, personnel are employed by the UN,
they take an oath not to take instructions from their home
governments.
• Performs organizational, budgetary, translation, research, and
other support services and administers decisions.
• Secretary General - Mediate conflicts, promote norms, publicized
neglected problems.
Tygve Lie Norway 1946 – 1952
Dag Hammarskjöld Sweden 1953 – 1961
U Thant Burma – Now Myanmar 1961 – 1971
Kurt Waldheim Austria 1972 – 1981
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar Peru 1982 – 1991
Boutros Boutros – Ghali Egypt 1992 – 1996
Kofi A. Annan Ghana 1997 – 2006
Ban Ki – moon South Korea 2007 -
 THE SECURITY COUNCIL
• In questions of war and peace
• They can meet anytime
• Maintenance of international peace and security
• Is to help avoid conflict in the international arena by performing
deterrent, peacekeeping and negotiating functions.
• Has 15 members, 5 of which are the permanent 5 with veto powers.
• The 10 non permanent members are elected to two – year terms by
the General Assembly.
• The council is chaired by a president; presidency rotates among the
members, in alphabetical order , from month to month.
• Granted coercive powers for peace. – economic sanctions, cutting of
diplomatic relations.
• Each member of the council has one vote, and most resolutions
require 9 affirmative votes and no veto.
THE ECOSOC
• Specialized Agency
• Oversee matters of development & related issues
• Related programs are funds, commissions &
specialize agencies
• Disease prevention,
• Eg.
UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund
WHO – World Health Organization
UNESCO – United Nations Educational Scientific
Cultural Organization
ILO – International Labor Organization
FAO – Food and Agricultural Organization
ICJ – INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

• Adjudicates disputes that arises

over treaty obligations
• Interpretation of International Laws
• 15 judges, including from 5
permanent members
• Located in The Hague, Netherlands
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

• Somewhat in oddity, it only exist in paper,

because it finished its business in November
1994,
• To administer Trust Territories(mainly colonies)
detached from enemy states following WWII -
last territory to administer out of the 11 is
Palau (Pacific Islands) which gain its
independence in 1994.
• One of the reason it still exist today is if it
would be deleted that means it has to amend
or delete the UN Charter, chapter XIII.
United Nations Systems Principal Organs
Security Council General Assembly ECOSOC ICJ Secretariat
• Peacekeeping A. Subsidiary Bodies A. Specialized Agencies • Department & Offices
Operations - Main Committees - ILO - Office of the Secretary
• UN Peace – building - Standing Committees - FAO General
Commission - Human Rights Council - UNESCO - Office of the Internal
• Counter – terrorism - WHO Oversight Services
Committee B. Program & Funds - Office of the Legal
• International Atomic - UNCTAD B. World Bank Affairs
Energy Agency - UNDCP - IMF - Department of Political
- UNEP - ICAO Affairs
- UNDP - IMO - Department of
- UNIFEM - ITU Peacekeeping
- UNICEF - IPU operations
- UNFPA - Office for the
- UNHCR C. Functional Coordination of
Commissions humanitarian Affairs
- Narcotic Drugs - Office of the High
- Crime Prevention & Commission for Human
Criminal Justice Rights
- Science & Technology - Department for
for Development General Assembly &
- Sustainable Conference
Development Management
- Status of Women - Department of Public
- Population & Information
Development - Department of
- Statistical Commission Management

D. Regional Commissions
- Africa
- Europe
- Latin America & the
Caribbean
- Asia & the Pacific
- Western Asia