Safety

USA
USC
Near miss
Incident
Accident (88%USA,10%USC,2% Act of God)
Gas cylinder safety
The Explosive act 1884/ Gas
cylinder rules 2016
“gas cylinder" or "cylinder" means any closed metal container having a
volume exceeding 500 ml but not exceeding 1000 liters intended for
the storage and transport of compressed gas, including any liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) container or compressed natural gas (CNG)
cylinder fitted to a motor vehicle as its fuel tank but not including any
other such container fitted to a special transport or undercarriage and
includes a composite cylinder and cryogenic container, however, the
water capacity of cylinder used for storage of CNG, nitrogen,
compressed air, etc., may exceed 1000 liters up to 3000 liters provided
the diameter of such cylinder does not exceed 60 cm;
44. No licence needed for possession in certain cases.- Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 43, licence
shall not be necessary for-
(a) possession of any cylinder filled with a compressed gas by a carrier or other person for the purpose of
transport in accordance with the provisions of these rules;
(b) possession of cylinders for own use and not meant for sale or trading filled with,-
(i) any flammable and non-toxic gas when the total number of cylinders containing such gas does not exceed
twenty five or the total weight of gas does not exceed 200 kg., whichever is less, at a time;
(ii) any non-flammable non-toxic gas when the total number of such cylinders does not exceed two hundred at a
time;
(iii) any toxic gas when the total quantity of such cylinders does not exceed five at a time;
(iv) state when the total quantity of such cylinder does not acetylene gas contained in cylinder in dissolved exceed
twenty five at a time.
(c) The provisions of sub-clause 44(b) shall not be applicable for liquefied petroleum gas when the total
quantity of gas does not exceed 100 kg at a time for own use, distribution or sale from a sales room belonging
to the dealer or distributor of respective oil marketing company.
Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 43, licence shall not be obligatory for working places where LPG
cylinders are directly connected to the manifold, but the requirements of IS :6044 Part-1 shall be complied with
,such manifold installations and shall be constructed adapting the sound engineering practices and the quantity of
the LPG at any point of the time shall not exceed the limits prescribed in IS-6044 Part-1;
 The Static and Mobile Pressure
Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 2016
“pressure vessel” means any closed metal container of whatever shape,
intended for the storage and transport of any compressed gas which is subjected
to internal pressure and whose water capacity exceeds one thousand liters and
includes inter connecting parts and components thereof upto the first point of
connection to the connected piping and fittings, but does not include containers
wherein steam or other vapour is or is intended to be generated or water or
other liquid is or is intended to be heated by the application of fire or the
products of combustion or by electrical means, heat exchangers, evaporators, air
receivers, steam type digestors, steam type sterilizers, autoclaves, reactors,
calorifiers, pressure piping components such as separators or strainers and
vessels containing a liquid under a blanket of compressed inert gas;
Asphyxiation
Breathing difficulties (suffocation), loss of consciousness and eventual
death caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to the body.
Flammable gas
A gas that can be ignited in air.
Inert or Noble gas
Any of the six gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
These gases are un-reactive except under certain special conditions.
Non-flammable gas
A gas that is neither flammable nor poisonous but can still cause asphyxia
and death.
Oxidizing gas
A gas that initiates or promotes combustion of materials through release
of oxygen. These gases can also spontaneously combust/explode.
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
Maximum concentration of a gas that a person can be exposed to for a 15 minute period.
Only 4 such exposure periods can occur within an 8 hour day and 1 hour break is required
between exposure intervals.

Time Weighted Exposure Limit (TWA)

Maximum concentration of a gas that a person can be exposed to for 8 hours per day over
a 5 day working week.

Toxic gas
A gas that is poisonous or capable of causing injury or death, especially by chemical
means.

Upper and Lower Explosive Limits (UEL and LEL)

Upper and lower concentration (in %) limits for which a particular gas is explosive in air
Types of gases
1. Compressed Gases – Nitrogen, Oxygen, Air, Carbon Dioxide, Helium
2. Liquefied Gases – LPG, Liquefied Nitrous Oxide
3. Dissolved Gases – Acetylene

Class 2.1 Flammable gas

Class 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
Class 2.3 Toxic Gas
Using Gas Cylinders
• Always use gas cylinders in well ventilated areas.
• DO NOT use gas cylinders in confined spaces unless qualified to do so and the appropriate PPE is used.
• Know the gas you are using and possible reaction products. Additional mechanical ventilation may be
required. Seek expert assistance in designing and installing mechanical ventilation systems.
•  Ensure the correct regulator is used for the purpose.
•  Ensure there is a suitable emergency response procedure in place.
• Wear appropriate PPE for the gas been used, refer to SDS.
• Ensure connections, fittings and lines are leak tight and suitable for use.
•  Ensure that flammable and oxidising gases are not used near ignition sources.
•  Disconnect empty cylinders from equipment to avoid backflow issues
• Always close the cylinder valve when not in use.
•  DO NOT use an empty cylinder as a waste receptacle.
• Fit non-return valves in line if required
• DO NOT use a gas cylinder that shows evidence of damage or corrosion. The gas cylinder is a rented
item; its integrity is the responsibility of the gas supplier.
• If the cylinder contents cannot be clearly identified, DO NOT use it. Return it to the supplier.
•
•
 PESO office

Head Office
 
Chief Controller of Explosives
A Block CGO Complex Fifth floor Seminary Hills
Nagpur-(Maharashtra) -440006
(0712)2510248   
explosives[at]explosives[dot]gov[dot]in

Controller of Explosives
No.3,  5th  East  cross  road, 
Gandhi Nagar
Vellore  (Tamil  Nadu) -
632006
(0416)2242513   
Material handling/Safe lifting
1.The Factories act 1948
Section 34 Excessive weight
Section 28 Hoist and lift
Section 29 lifting Machine, chains, ropes, Lifting tools and tackles

2.The Tamilnadu factory rule 1950

Rule 57 Excessive weight
Rule 55 Hoist and lift – Form 36
Rule 55A lifting Machine, chains, ropes, Lifting tools and tackles

3.The building and other construction workers’ (regulation of

employment and conditions of service) act, 1996
4.The Building and Other Construction Workers' (Regulation of
Employment and Conditions of Service) Central Rules, 1998
5.Tamil nadu building and other construction workers (regulation of
employment and conditions of service) rules, 2006 .
Safety in

• Crane
• Hydra
• Forklift
• JCB
• Parana • SWL
• Derrick • Breaking load
• Factor of Safety
Electrical safety
Electricity

Safe electricity ?

ELCB, RCCB, Earthing

Static electricity

Bar wire

Wet condition

Human resistance
The electricity act 2003

The electricity rules 2005

Safety in Height work
The Factories act 1948
Section 32. Floors, stairs and means of access
(c) when any person has to work at a height from where he is likely to
fall, provision shall be made, so far as is reasonably practicable, by
fencing or otherwise, to ensure the safety of the person so working.

The Tamilnadu Factory rules 1950

61 A Safety belt
61 C Fragile roof
Roof ladder
Safety belt IS 3521
Life line
Fragile roof
Safety net
Temporary working Plate form
Working above ground and Below ground
PPE
Hazard, Risk, Risk assessment Quantitative and qualitative
• PPE
• Classification
• Limitation

The Factories act 1948

Section 35 Protection of Eyes
The Tamilnadu Factory rules 1950
Rule 61-N. Quality of personal protective equipment
Rule 61-O. Protective equipment
Safe working place
Excavation
Hot work
Fire
Surat fire: 22 killed in coaching centre
blaze, horrific visuals show kids
falling off burning building -
24.03.2019
The fire which engulfed the four-storey building started at the ground floor, forcing
students to take cover at roof. At least 22 students were killed, either due to
suffocation or falling off the windows in an attempt to escape fire.
3 injured in fire at UP HPCL plant; people in nearby areas asked to vacate   12.09.2019

A fire broke out in an LPG plant of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited here on
Thursday, leaving three persons injured, officials said.
Unnao district magistrate and police superintendent rushed to the spot and have asked
people in adjoining areas to vacate their houses and shift to safer places. 
Fire tenders have been rushed from nearby police station areas to douse the flames. 
As a precautionary measure, trains on way to Kanpur were stopped at Ajgain and Sonik
railway stations and trains to Lucknow were stopped at Uanno station. Besides, all roads
leading to the plant area were sealed.
The injured were rushed to the district hospital here for treatment, Chief Medical
Superintendent Mewa Lal said. 
5 killed in major fire at ONGC plant in Navi Mumbai, gas diverted to
Gujarat plant 03.09.2019
Surat: Fire breaks out in Mayur Silk Mills
31.08.2019

Read more at:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/709195
26.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&u
tm_campaign=cppst
Saudi Aramco fire: Drones attack world's largest oil processing factory in Saudi –
14.09.2019
Saudi Aramco describes its Abqaiq oil processing facility there as 'the largest crude oil
stabilization plant in the world'
The Dubai-based satellite channel Al-Arabiya first acknowledged the blaze, citing its own
correspondent in the area
DUBAI: Drones attacked the world's largest oil processing facility in Saudi Arabia and an oilfield
operated by Saudi Aramco early Saturday, the kingdom's Interior Ministry said, sparking a huge
fire at a processor crucial to global energy supplies.
No one immediately claimed responsibility for the attacks in Buqyaq and the Khurais oil field,
though Yemen's Houthi rebels previously launched drone assaults deep inside of the kingdom.
It wasn't clear if there were any injuries in the attacks, nor what effect it would have on oil
production in the kingdom. The attack also likely will heighten tensions further across the wider
Persian Gulf amid a confrontation between the US and Iran over its unraveling nuclear deal with
world powers.
Online videos apparently shot in Buqyaq included the sound of gunfire in the background and
flames shooting out of the Abqaiq oil processing facility. Smoke rose over the skyline and glowing
flames could be seen a distance away.
Liberia school fire leaves many children dead
near Monrovia – 18.09.2019
At least 27 people, many of them children, have been
killed in a fire at a boarding school in a suburb of the
Liberian capital Monrovia.
The fire is believed to have broken out in the early hours of the
morning, when Koranic school students were sleeping in a
building near their mosque.
Police have told the BBC they are still looking for bodies in the
building, in the Paynesville area.
President George Weah has visited the scene and expressed his
condolences.
மததததய பதரததசததததனத இநததரதலத உளதள தஹஹடதடலதலத பபரமத தத
வதபததத 21.10.2019

Read more at:

https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/india/madhya-pradesh-fire-break
s-out-at-a-hotel-in-indore-366143.html
Mortal remains of 14 Indians
killed in Sudan's tanker blast to
arrive in India today
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mortal-remains-14-indians-
killed-sudan-tanker-blast-arrive-india-today-1626875-2019-12-10
Delhi factory fire: More than 40
dead in India blaze 09.12.2019
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50703659
Emergency information panel
In India, it is mandatory for the vehicles transporting hazardous chemicals to display Emergency
Information Panel (EIP) with details and at places as specified under Rule 134 of the Central Motor
Vehicles Rules, 1989 as shown in the next figure.
 HAZCHEM code - Emergency Action Code

The HAZCHEM code consists of a number from 1 to 4 and any one of the letters, P, R,S, T, W, X, Y, Z
followed at times by the letter E.

The Indian Chemical Manufacturers Association (ICMA), in

their publication "Code for Safe Transportation of
Hazardous Substances by Road" recommends that at least
the area within a radius of 300m should be considered
for evacuation wherever 'E' appears in HAZCHEM code.
Process safety Management
1.Process safety information
2.Process hazard analysis
3.Standard operating procedure
4.Trainng
5.Contractor control
6.Hot work
7.PSSR
8.Mechanical integrity
9.Incident investigation
10.Emergency preparedness
11.MOC
12.Employee participation
13.Complaiance of audit
14.Trade secret
MSDS
OSHA FORMAT
ANSI FORMAT
NFPA FORMAT
HMIS FORMAT
R & S PHRASES (Hazard and Precautionary statements)

Statutory Requirements Of MSDS

1.Tamilnadu Factories rules 1950
Rule 62-C. Collection and Development and Dissemination of
Information under The factories act 1948 section 41 B compulsory
disclosure of information by the occupier

2.Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

Rule 17 Collection and Development and Dissemination of
Information – Schedule – 9
The standards for MSDS specified by the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) is organized in
16 sections. These are as follows:

SECTION 01 : PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

SECTION 02 : HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 03 : COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 04 : FIRST AID MEASURES
SECTION 05 : FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
SECTION 06 : ACCIDENTAL REALESE MEASURES
SECTION 08 : EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTION
SECTION 07 : INFORMATION ABOUT HANDLING AND STORAGE
SECTION 09 : PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SECTION 10 : STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
SECTION 11 : TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 12 : ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 13 : DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
SECTION 14 : TRANSPORT INFORMATION
SECTION 15 : REGULATORY INFORMATION
SECTION 16 : OTHER INFORMATION
SOME ABBREVIATIONS
1. OEL – Occupational Exposure Limit (g/m3)
2. PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit
3. TLV - Threshold Limit Value, TLV- TWA, C- Ceiling ,
4. STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
5. CAS - Chemical Abstracts Service
6. OSHA – Occupational Health & Safety Administration
7. WHMIS –Workplace Hazardous Material Information
System
8.LEL,UEL and Flash point
Mock drill statutory requirement details as follows:
 
1.THE MANUFACTURE, STORAGE AND IMPORT OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL RULES, 1989
Rule No.13. Preparation to on-site emergency plan by the occupier
Sub section (4) The occupier shall ensure that a mock drill of the on-site emergency plan is conducted every six months
 
2.THE CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS (EMERGENCY PLANNING, PREPAREDNESS, AND RESPONSE) RULES, 1996
10. Functions of the Local Crisis Group
(d) Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every six months forward a report to the
District Crisis Group
 
3.THE TAMILNADU FACTORIES RULES 1950
Rule 95 Dangerous operation
SCHEDULE XVI- Chemical works (Manufacturing units)
PARTII General Requirements
23. Procedures for meeting emergencies
(8) All emergency procedures must be rehearsed every three months and deficiencies, if any, in the achievement of the
objectives shall suitably be corrected.
Chemical transport risk
 Emergency procedures in the event of a Tanker/Truck
accident
1.If possible drive out of populated areas.
2.Identify the cargo, refer labels, TREM Card,
instructions.
3.In case of a major leak of highly inflammable
gas/vapour do not start the engine,
4.Order on lookers to leave the affected area.
5.Stop pilferage of the leaked substance, it can be
dangerous.
6.Secure the accident area and divert traffic.
7.Remove affected persons for first aid.
8.In the event of electrical fire, isolate the battery
of the vehicle.
9.In case of fire, inform Fire Station, avoid
inhalation of fumes, use gas masks if required.
10.In case of leaks, see if it can be arrested easily.
11.Contain small spills by covering with sand.
12.Avoid direct contact with skin, wash with water
and use necessary protective clothing like PVC
apron.
13.In case of contact with eyes or skin wash with
plenty of water. For any major contamination,
remove clothing immediately.
https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/gujarat-five-killed-
in-blast-at-gas-company-in-vadodara

Mumbai: Girl dies as gas geyser snaps oxygen supply in

bathroom?
utm_source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=
WhatsappShare :
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/girl-dies-as-g
as-geyser-snaps-oxygen-supply-in-bathroom-6210508/

Massive fire, LPG cylinder blasts as two trucks collide in

Gujarat's Surat
http://dhunt.in/81oFU?s=a&ss=pd
Source : "Zee News" via Dailyhunt

Download Now
http://dhunt.in/DWND
Rajasthan: 15 injured as boiler explodes at Birla Cement plant in Chittorgarh
According to the preliminary information the explosion took place as the coal in the
coil plant caught fire after the temperature rose. After the blast, the burning coal fell
on the people working below.
At least 15 people were left injured after a boiler exploded at a Birla Cement plant in Chittorgarh district's
Chanderiya on Sunday.
Out of the 15 wounded, 11 of them are said to be critically injured.
While some of the injured were rushed to Shree Sanwaliya Government Hospital, some were admitted to
Birla Hospital for treatment. Sadar and Chanderiya police reached the hospital after receiving information
about the accident.
According to the preliminary information received, the accident took place after a boiler exploded at a Birla
Cement plant. "The coal caught fire as the temperature rose in the coil plant. Later, after the explosion, the
burning coal fell on the people working below. There were about 15 people who are reported to be burnt,"
police said.
Newly appointed Chittorgarh District Collector Chetan Ram Deora along with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
MLA Chandrabhan Singh Aakya and city council chairman Sandeep Sharma visited the hospital to enquire
about the condition and treatment of the injured
"The critically injured have more than 70 per cent burns. We have referred them to Ravindra Nath Tagore
Medical College, Udaipur," said Deora.
Stating that an administrative level inquiry into the matter has been initiated, Deora said, "We will get the
report within 10 days. Legal action will be taken against those who were found to be negligent."
Police are also investigating the matter.
29.09.2019
https://
tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/manual-scavenging-worker-d
ied-in-chennai-mall-368364.html

https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/puducherry/cleaning-the-
underground-drainage-in-the-sewer-without-realizing-the-
dange-370490.html
  New  Delhi  evolved  the  following  formula  for  calculating  minimum  stack  height  to  be  pro

h  +  0.2  Root  of 

Total  height  of 
eight  of  the  building  in  meters 
Total  generator  capacity  in 

formula  the  minimum  stack  height  to  be  provided  with  differe

higher  KVA  ratings  a  stack  heigh

above 

level from

  mufflers  have  to  be  provided  to  DG  sets  with  Insertion  loss  of  minimum  25  dB  (A)  so  as  to 

(6  A.M.  to  9 

(9  P.M.  to  6 

of  a  DG  set,  at  the  user's  end,  shall  be  within  2  dB  (A)  of 

25 dB (A) insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side ( if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic enclosure / acoustic treatment. Under such circumstance

For generation sets Total height of stack in meter

50 KVA  Ht. of the building + 1.5
50 - 100 KVA  meter Ht. of the building + 2.0 
100-150 KVA  meter Ht. of the building + 2.5
150-200 KVA  meter Ht. of the building + 3.0 
200-250 KVA  meter Ht. of the building + 3.5 
250-300 KVA  meter Ht. of the building + 3.5 meter