OCCUPATIONAL

HAZARD AND
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
[BTCE16F6530]
UNIT-I
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES:

Safety: safety can be defined as the freedom from those

conditions that can cause injury or death to personal or
damage or loss of equipment and property.

Injury: It can be defined as a harmful conditions

sustainable by the body as the result of an accident. An
injury can takes place in the form of abrasion fracture
etc in the body.
Hazard: It is an inherent property of a substance to
cause harmful effect to a living being or to a property or
environment.

Risk: It is a probability of the realization of the

potential for loss, damage or injury.

Accident: Accident is an unplanned or inexperience

event which causes or likely to cause injury a person
damage to property etc..
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration is to assure the safety and health of
workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing
training, outreach, and education; establishing
partnerships; and encouraging improvement in
workplace safety and healthy.
1968 - President Lyndon Johnson’s Labor
Department proposed legislation to develop a federal
regulatory program for workplace safety.

1970 - In December, President Richard Nixon signed the

Occupational Safety and Health Act.

1971 - Just five months later, the first OSHA standards were
issued for safety and health protection.

1972 - In May the OSHA Training Institute was established to

train inspectors and inform the public. In June the first
standard was issued to address asbestos, focused on protecting
workers from lung cancer and asbestosis. In November,
construction safety standards were issued.
1974 - The vinyl chloride standard was issued to address the
dangers of liver cancer due to worker exposure along with 14
other cancer causing substances.

1977 - The Project is launched to simplify or delete more

than 1,000 safety standards. They changed more than 900
standards as a result.

1978 - The cotton dust standard was issued, protecting textile

workers from “brown lung. In addition, a lead standard is
issued.

1980 - OSHA coverage is extended to federal workers.

1982 - The Voluntary Protection Program is established.

1986 - Ground-fault circuit interrupter standard is issued to
protect construction workers.

1987 - The benzene standard was issued, a toxic chemical that

causes leukemia.

1989 - Excavation and trenching operations standard was

established.

1994 - Strengthened rules requiring protection for construction

workers.

1996 - Construction scaffold safety standard was issued.

2001 - Steel erection standard was issued to protect

construction workers.
2004 - The OSHA National Emergency Plan was issued, establishing
agency policies during national emergencies.

2007 - OSHA confirms that employers must pay for required personal
protective equipment (PPE) such as protective gloves and earplugs.

2010 - Cranes and derricks standard issued, replacing a 40-year old

rule.

2012 - Revises Hazard Communication Standard to protect workers

from dangerous chemicals and to align standards with the United
Nations' Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling
of Chemicals.

2014 - Revised the 40-year-old construction standard for electric power

generation, transmission, and distribution.

2016 - Updates its rule on general industry walking-working surfaces

standards for using personal fall protection systems
 MILESTONES IN SAFETY MOVEMENT
1867: Massachussets Introduces Factory Inspection.
1868: Patent awarded for first barrier safeguard
1869: Pennsylvania passes law requiring two exits from all
mines and the bureau of labor statistics is formed.
1877: Massachussets passes law requiring safeguards on
hazardous machines and the employers liability law is passed
1892:First recorded safety program is established.
1900: Fredrick Taylor Conducts first systematic studies of
efficiency in manufacturing.
1907: Bureau of mines created by U.S Department of the
Interior.
1908: Concept of workers Compensation is introduced in the
united states.
 1912: First Co-Operative safety Congress meets in
Milwaukee.
 1913: National Council of Industrial safety is formed.
1915: National council of industrial safety changes its
name to national safety council.
1916: Concept of negligent manufacture is
established.(Product liability)
1970: Occupational safety and Health ACT passes
1977: Federal Mine safety Act Passes
1986: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
1990: Amended clean air act of 1970.
1996: Introduction to Total Safety management (TSM)
Concept
Parameters of Safety- Factors affecting the
conditions of Occupational and Industrial Safety

ENFORCEMENT

EDUCATION

ENGINEERING
ENFORCEMENT
 Enforcement is a key component of work and
environmental safety as it laws that serve to protect
you.
 The primary role of enforcement is to reduce
incidents, save lives, and facilitate a hazard-free and
efficient work environment.
 This strategy helps open the line of communication
between you and the law enforcement authority,
ensuring adequate training and reporting of incidents
and operational risks.
EDUCATION
• Education is a significant part of your strategy that
will ensure you promote a safe environment and
workplace.
• It involves the teaching about safety rules and creates
awareness of the benefits and goals of safety in your
community and workplace.
• Education informs you on workplace safety practices,
and gives you the chance to exercise what you've
learned.
 ENGINEERING
• Engineering helps you create a safe working
environment.
• You can combine it with education and encouragement
to address the specific needs of your company's
environmental, health and safety (EHS) program.
• It's a broad concept used to describe the design,
development, implementation, operation and
maintenance of both quality control programs and
physical safety measures of employees