Constructivist Approach

Allows learners to be active in the process

of constructing meaning and knowledge.
Fosters critical thinking and provides
learners with a learning environment that
helps them make connections with their
learning.
 Strategies that promotes
CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. Thinking Skills Strategies
-are strategies that strive to improve
achievement by consciously developing
learners’ ability to consider ideas, analyze
perspectives, solve problems, and make
decisions on their own.
5 Critical Thinking Strategies.mp4
Suggested activities for Thinking Strategies
1. The RFMD Activity
◦Recall (Past Experience)
◦Model (Follow Procedures/Steps)
◦Familiarize (Repeat the Performance/Scaffolding)
◦Decide (Form a conclusion)
Strategies that promote Constructivism
2. Activity-Based Strategies
-engages learners in individual or group
experiential learning opportunities such as
purposeful conversation, project planning,
hands on inquiry, analysis and product creation.
 Activity for Activity-Based Strategies
The 3 As Activity
◦Act (Giving simple workshops/coaching)
◦Analyze (compare and contrast)
◦Apply (Use and Implement)
Strategies that promotes Constructivism
3. Direct Instruction Strategies
-Guides/models the learning in a quickest way
-Basic steps are presenting the material, explaining,
and reinforcing
-Used to teach facts, rules, and action sequences
(Borich, 2001)
How to do Direct Instruction - TeachLikeThis.mp4
Activity for Direct Instruction Strategies
Compare and contrast
Demonstrations
Didactic questions ?
Drill and practice
Guides for reading
Lecture Page 9 of DO #42, s. 2016
The INTEGRATIVE Approach
The INTEGRATIVE LEARNING Approach
-allows learners to make connections across
curricula, making connections with a major
concept, between curriculum, co-curriculum, or
between academic knowledge and practice.
 Strategies that promote Integrative
Learning Approach
1. Scaffold-Knowledge Integration Strategy
◦-makes thinking visible.
◦-Models scientific thinking
◦Helps students learn from others
◦-encourage listening to others
◦-promotes autonomy and lifelong learning
◦Encourages monitoring
 Activity for Scaffold-Integration Strategy
Suggested Activity: The 4As Activity
◦Activity (Build on students ideas)
◦Analysis (Make thinking visible)
◦Abstraction (Encourage listening to others)
◦Application (Promote autonomy/lifelong learning)
 Strategies that promote Integrative
Learning Approach
2. Content-Based Instruction (CBI)
-Features the 6 Ts
◦Themes- Central ideas that organize major
curricular units
◦Text-content resources which drive the basic
planning of theme units
◦Topics are sub-units of content which explore
specific aspects of the theme
◦Threads-linkages across themes which create greater
curricular coherence
◦Tasks-Instructional activities and techniques utilized
◦Transitions –explicitly planned actions which provide
coherence across topics in a theme unit and across within
topics.
Suggested Activity: The 4As
 Strategies that promote Integrative
Learning Approach
3. Thematic Teaching & Learning By Design
◦-integrates basic discipline in all subjects
◦-acquires knowledge best when learning in the
context of coherent “whole” and when they
can connect learning to real world.
 Activity for Thematic teaching and
Learning by Design
The AACE Activity (Kalantris 2007)
◦Apply (being creative)
◦Analyze (being critical)
◦Conceptualize (Design Theory)
◦Experience (New Concept with celebration)
Reflective Approach
 The REFLECTIVE Approach
-means looking at what the teacher and
learners do in classroom, thinking about why
they do it, and analyzing about it if it works. This
is a process of self-evaluation cum self-
observation.
 Strategies that promote the REFLECTIVE
Approach
1. Self Evaluation and Self
Reflection
-collects information about what
goes on inside the classroom
-analyzes/evaluates the obtained
information by teacher and learner
-solicits improvements in teaching
towards effective teaching
 Activity for self evaluation strategy
The TTRA Activity
-Think (Analyze patterns occurring during the teaching-
learning process)
- Talk (Self-talk or group talk done by the teacher or learner)
-Read (finding out or making affirmations regarding
behavioral patterns)
-Ask (post questions to get ideas or opportunities on an
area that interest you to improve/develop)
 Strategies that promote Reflective
Approach
2. Multimedia
Presentation
- Is the effective use of
instructional materials that
utilize a wide range of
electronic media allowing the
learners to reflect after the
teaching learning process.
 Strategies that promote Reflective
Approach
2. Drill Practice
- Is a technique with emphasis on repetition after
the learners reflect on their skills or learnings.
 Strategies that promote REFLECTIVE
Approach
3. Mental Modelling
- is a strategy intended to enhance learner’s
ability to direct their own learning after gaining an
insight in any cognitive process or activity.
Should we consider the
learning style of the student in
the kinds of activities that they
will do?
If students
don’t learn the
way we teach,
may be we
should teach
them the way
they learn.
 What do you see?
Cofot

One face or two? Woman or skull?

Learning Styles
-Focus on individual differences
How one learns from and adapts to his/her
environment. (Gregorc. 1879)
The interaction of one’s behavior and
personality as he approaches to a learning task
(Garger & Guild, 1984)
5 Popular Models of Learning Styles
o Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
o Fleming & Mills’ VARK
o Kolb’s Learning Styles Model and
Experiential Learning Theory (ELT)
o Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) ← Jung
o Felder-Silverman Index of Learning Styles
(ILS)
 ACTIVE Reflective
try things out, think things
work w/others thru, work alone

Reference: Felder, R.M. 1996. Matters of style. ASEE Prism

6(4), 18-23.
Visual Verbal
graphic written & spoken
representations of explanations
material--pictures,
diagrams, flow charts
Sequential Global
linear, orderly, o holistic, systems
learn in small thinkers, learn in
incremental large leaps
steps
Sensing Intuitive
o concrete, conceptual,
practical, innovative,
oriented oriented
toward facts & toward theories &
meanings
procedures
o Visual Tools Help Everyone
Deeper learning, conceptual understanding
Show BOTH structure of knowledge (“big picture”) and
integration of its elements
o Better, longer retention + easier retrieval
z Require less working memory, fewer cognitive
transformations
z Dual coded in semantic and episodic memory
o Cognitive operations easier
z Easier to locate and extract information
z Easier to draw inference
o Cross-cultural
 Using Best Modality(-ies)
for the Content
For example:
o Using visuals for visual material
o Using experience for learning how
to do something physical
o Using reading & auditory for poetry
o Using many modes for relatively
recent history
Multi-Modal Repetition
o People learn new material best when they
receive it
oMultiple times and
oThrough multiple senses & modes that use
different parts of their brain
 How can we design
assignments and class
activities to give students
the chance to process
knowledge and skills
through multiple senses
and in multiple modes?
Verbal-Oral and Auditory Modes
o Lecture & podcasts, if in the right
structure (e.g., stories)
oDiscussion, especially in small
groups; all group work
z Actively devises own way of orally
expressing material
z Listens to own way and others’ ways
Action/Experiential Mode
Experiential learning
Cases, PBL, inquiry-guided labs & activities
Role plays, simulations, games
Service-learning, field work, field trips
Examples (if relevant to students)
Physical models, analogies,manipulatives
(ex. next side)
Learning objects (animated, interactive)
www.merlot.org
Visual Mode
Thinking maps Flowcharts, diagrams,
Concept and mind graphs
maps Matrices, tables
Graphic syllabus Pictures, sketches
Learning objects
Graphic metaphors (animated) –

www.merlot.org
Flow Map - Sequencing
What happened? What
are the sub-stages?
What is the sequence
of events?
Causes-&-Effects Multi-Flow Map
What are the causes
and effects of this
event?
What might happen
next?
 Key Understandings
Learning should be guaranteed by a teacher in every topic taught. To
attain this, the teacher should use the appropriate strategies and
approaches that considers the way learners learn.
There are 5 approaches that teachers can use in teaching a lesson.
These are Collaborative, Constructivism, Integrative, Inquiry-based,
and Reflective approach. Various strategies and activities can be used
by a teacher depending on the learning styles of the learner.
Under the Felder-Silverman Model of learning, learners may be
active, reflective, visual, verbal, sequential, global, sensing, or
intuitive.
 Ganito ‘Yan..!

Group yourselves by subject area of specialization for high

schools and by grade level for elementary.
Choose one competency from your CG where you can use
the approach assigned to your group. Demonstrate with
the group the approach to the class in 5 minutes.