9

BY TATHAGATA LAHA
BASIC CYCLE OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
INTRODUCTION
 Steam generation is the process of
converting water into steam.

 STEAM GENERATOR:

BOILER IS A STEAM GENERATOR.

PRESSURE VESSEL WHOSE VOLUME IS

GREATER THAN 22.75LITRE IS CALLED A
BOILER.
Types of Boiler
 Depending on application there are 3 types of
boiler-
 Utility or power boilers
 Industrial boilers
 Others (Boiler used for locomotive steam
engines, Marine boilers etc.)
Various pressure parts of Boiler
 The various pressure parts of the boiler is
as follows,
 1)Economiser.
 2)Boiler Drum.
 3)Super Heaters.
 4)Reheater.
ECONOMISER:- Economizer are provided to extract the
heat from flue gases & add it as either sensible heat alone or
sensible heat & latent heat to the feed water . Basically it is
nothing but a tube-&-shell type heat exchanger.
BOILER DRUM :-
The drum is found in that type of boiler which
operated under sub-critical pressure. They are used to separate
the steam from saturated liquid & vapour mixture. Generally it
supply dry steam to the super heater bubble less water to the
down comer
The functions of the boiler drum as follows,

1)To provide the necessary space for separation of steam from mixture of steam
& water.

2)To house the equipment needed for purification of steam after separation from
steam-water mixture.

3)To provide a water storage for preventing the starvation of tube.

SUPER HEATER
Super heaters are provided in the boiler to raise the steam temp.
above the saturation temp. by absorbing heat from the flue gas

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
THE MODE OF HEAT TRANSFER
According to the mode of heat
transfer the super heaters can be
classified as follows,
a) Radiant super heater.
b) Convective super heater.
REHEATERS:- Reheaters are used to raised the temp. of
the steam coming out from the out let of the H.P turbine
to its super heated temp. at constant pr. to supply super
heated steam to the I.P and then to L.P turbine.
 80 ⁰C PRIMARY AIR FURNACE
+COAL

COMBUSTION
OIL OCCURS &
FLUE GAS
GENERATE

SECONDARY
1300 ⁰C
AIR 400 ⁰C
BOILER SUMMARY :
1.COAL+PRIMARY AIR+SECONDARY AIR GOES TO FURNACE
COMBUSION OCCURS
FLUE GAS GENERATED

2.TEMPERATURE OF FLUE GAS DECREASES AS IT MOVES

FROM FURNACE TO CHIMNEY

3.WATER ENTERS FROM ECONOMISER TO BOILER DRUM

AND BECOMES STEAM WHILE FLOWING THROUGH
FURNACE
STEAM SEPARATED IN BOILER DRUM AND GOES TO
TURBINE
 THE END
 BY TATHAGATA LAHA (B.TECH POWER
ENGG.)