CONFIDENTIAL 964/2

Name: …………………………………………………….. Class: 6AS2

SMKSULTAN YUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUF
SMKSULTAN YUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUF
964/2 TRIAL STPM 2016
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SMKSULTAN YUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUF
SMKSULTAN YUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUFSMKSULTANYUSSUF
BIOLOGY
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PAPER 2
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One and a half hours
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For examiner’s use

SMK SULTAN YUSSUF
BATU GAJAH Section A

Instructions to candidates: 1 – 15
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
Section B
TOLD TO DO SO.
There are fiftheen questions in Section A. For each question, four 16
choices of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and write it
on the table provided. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted 17
for wrong answers. Section C
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided (page 6).
Answer two questions in Section C. You may answer all the questions
but, only the first two answers will be marked. Write the answers in the
answer sheet provided. All working should be shown. For numerical Total
answers, units should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer
on a fresh answer sheet.

This question paper consists of 8 printed pages

© SMK SULTAN YUSSUF BATU GAJAH 2016
Section A [15 marks]

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Answer all questions in this section.

1. During the breathing movements of a mammal, which of the following causes a change from
inspiration to expiration?
A. The arrival of deoxygenated blood in the lungs.
B. The stimulation of the stretch receptors of the inflated alveoli.
C. A low partial pressure of CO2 registered by the chemoreceptors of the carotid bodies.
D. A high pH of the arterial blood

2. Human blood passes from the posterior vena cava into the diastolic right atrium of the heart as a result
of
A. A pressure differential between the atrium and the vena cava
B. The closure of the tricuspid valve
C. The beating of the sinoatrial node
D. The closure of venous valves

3. The table below shows several proposed hypotheses and the evidence supporting them to explain
translocation in plants. Which one of the combination is not correct?

Hypothesis
A. Mass flow
B. Electro-osmosis
C. Cytoplasmic streaming
D. Peristaltic waves
Evidence
The presence of metabolically active companion
cells which generate energy for the sieve tubes.
The presence of sieve plate where a potential
difference can be developed across it.
Bidirectional movement of solutes has been
observed in the sieve tubes.
Transcellular contractile fibres producing rhythmic
contraction are found in sieve tubes.

4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of nerve impulse?

A. During the absolute period, the axon membrane is unable to produce an action potential no matter
how strong the stimulus is.
B. An action potential is produced when the intensity of the stimulus exceeds the threshold value.
C. All action potentials has different amplitudes.
D. The bigger the diameter of the axon, the faster the speed of transmission of action [potential along
the axon.

5. The following are events that occur during muscle contraction.

I Calcium ions bind to troponin

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II Formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin filaments.
III Secretion of Ca2+ ions by sarcoplasmic reticulum.
IV Tropomyosin is displaced, exposing the binding sites.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events during muscle contraction?
A. I, IV, II and III
B. II, IV, I and III
C. III, I, IV and II
D. IV, I, II and III

6. Juvenile hormone and ecdysone also known as moulting hormone play important roles in
metamorphosis of insects. Which one of the following sequences is correct?

Key: JH : Relatively high concentration of juvenile hormone

Jh : Relatively low concentration of juvenile hormone
MH : Ecdysone/ moulting hormone

A. Egg larval instar 2nd – 4th Larval instar Pupa Adult

MH MH MH

JH Jh MH
B. Egg larval instar 2nd – 4th Larval instar Pupa Adult
MH MH

JH JH MH
C. Egg larval instar 2nd – 4th Larval instar Pupa Adult
MH MH

JH Jh Jh
D. Egg larval instar 2nd – 4th Larval instar Pupa Adult
MH MH

7. Which chemical substance causes ‘bolting’ in plants?

A. Indoleacetic acid
B. Gibberellic acid
C. Absisic acid
D. Cytokinin

8. The table below shows four patterns of growth curves and their examples.

Growth pattern Example

(a) Isometric growth (i) Human organ

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(b) Allometric growth (ii) Coral reefs
(c) Step-like growth (iii) Fish
(d) Unlimited growth (iv) Centipede

Which of the following is correctly paired?

(a) (b) (c) (d)
A. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
B. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
C. (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
D. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

9. Which of the following is the correct sequence during embryonic development?

A. Cleavage Gastrulation Blastula Formation Organogenesis
B. Cleavage Blastula formation Gastrulation Organogenesis
C. Cleavage Fertilisation Gastrulation Organogenesis
D. Fertilisation Cleavage Organogenesis Gastrulation

10. The site and principal mechanism for the passage of glucose into the bloodstream in the human kidney
is the
A. Collecting duct by active secretion.
B. Distal convoluted tubule by facilitated diffusion.
C. Proximal convoluted tubule by active transport.
D. Glomerulus by ultrafiltration

11. Which of the following is an adaptation of xerophytes plants?

A. They have fine needle-like leaves to reduce exposure to sunlight.
B. They have sunken stomata to reduce transpiration.
C. They absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into organic substances in the night and closes the
stomata during the day.
D. They have broad leaves to maximize transpiration for cooling effect.

12. The site on the antigen recognized and attached by the antibody is called
A. An epitope
B. An active site
C. An antigen binding site
D. A major histocompatibility complex

13. The human lymphatic system is closely related to the immune system. Which of the following is not
related to the immune system?
A. The lymphocytes of the lymph nodes help to get rid of pathogens in the lymph.
B. Lacteals of the lymphatic system play an important role in the absorption of fatty acids and glycerol.
C. The lymph nodes produce lymphocytes responsible for specific immune response
D. T-lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland which is part of the lymphatic system.

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14. Which of the following is not the symptom of severe dengue previously known as dengue
haemorrhagic fever?
A. Severe muscle and joint pain
B. Skin rash
C. Persistent cough
D. Severe bleeding

15. Which statement is not true of cholera?

A. Cholera is caused by a motile, comma-shaped bacterium.
B. The main symptom of cholera is severe diarrhea.
C. There is no cure for cholera.
D. Cholera is a waterborne disease.

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16. The transport of carbon dioxide by blood is shown in the diagram below.

Tissue cell

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CO2

Diffusion Diffusion Endothelium

of capillary
Slow CO2 4O2
reaction

HCO3-
Enzyme A Red blood cell

HHbNH-COOH X HHb

Rapid
Reaction Y HbO8

Diffusion into Chloride shift

plasma
HCO3- Cl-

(a) State any two ways how carbon dioxide is transported in blood. [2
m]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

(b) What is meant by chloride shift? [1m]

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

(c) (i) Name enzyme A. [1

m]
____________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Write an equation involving carbon dioxide, X and Y. [2
m]
____________________________________________________________________________

(d) State two roles of haemoglobin in maintaining the pH of blood. [2m]

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________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

17. The diagram shows a part of the structure of a human organ.

R
P

(a) Name this functional unit. [1

m]
________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Name the parts labelled P and Q. [2

m]
P: ______________________________________________________________________________
Q: _____________________________________________________________________________

(c) State the functions of the structures labelled Q and R. [2

m]
Q:______________________________________________________________________________
R: ______________________________________________________________________________

(d) What are the substances carried in the space labelled S. [2

m]
________________________________________________________________________________

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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18. (a) name one steroid hormone and one non-steroid hormone. [2 m]

(b) Briefly explain the mechanism of action of steroid hormone. [6 m)

(c) Explain how the heartbeat is started and how it is regulated. [7 m]

19. (a) Discuss the functions of hormones involved in the menstrual cycle of humans. [9 m]

(b) Describe the mobilization of stored nutrients in seed germination. [6 m]

20. (a) Describe the transmission of malaria. [5 m]

(b) Explain how malaria can be prevented. [5 m]

(c) Explain the mechanism of HIV infection. [5 m]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Prepared by, Verified by,

_______________________
(EN CHONG KA HENG)

SMK SULTAN YUSSUF

BATU GAJAH

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TRIAL EXAM STPM 2016 (SEMESTER 2)

ANSWER SCHEME

SECTION A

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D

9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C

SECTION B

16 a. - As bicarbonate ions / hydrogencarbonate ions //

- As carbaminohaemoglobin // 2m
- As dissolved carbon dioxide in plasma

b. - The entry of chloride ions (Cl-) from the plasma into the red blood cell to
balance the electrochemical charges. 1m

c (i) Carbonic anhydrase

1m
(ii) CO2 + H2O H2CO3
2m
d. - High concentration of CO2 causes blood pH to decrease, this reduces the
affinity of haemoglobin for O2. Hence, causes unloading of O2 in capillaries of
tissues. 1m

- Acts as a buffer by combining with H+ ions to form haemoglobinic acid which

will prevent blood from becoming too acidic. 1m

17 a. Acinus 1m

b. P – Canaliculus
Q – Kupffer cell 2m

c. Q – breakdown of old erythrocytes // ingestion of foreign substances

R – carries away deoxygenated blood 2m
d. - Absorbed food substances / nutrients/ glucose/ amino acids/ lipids/ glycerol 1m
- Oxygenated blood 1m

18 a. Steroid hormone – Testosterone/ Oestrogen/ progesterone 1m

Non-steroid hormone – Adrenaline/ ADH/ Insulin 1m

Max 2 m

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b. 1. Steroid hormone acts by gene activation 1m

2. Transported to the target cells by the blood circulatory system / Diffuses into
the target cells through the plasma membrane 1m

3. Hormone binds to specific protein receptors to form the hormone-receptor

complex 1m

4. Hormone-receptor complex diffuses into the nucleoplasm and activates a

specific gene on DNA 1m

5. Transcription of the activated gene occurs and mRNA is synthesized 1m

6. mRNA move into the cytoplasm and is translated on the ribosome to form
specific polypeptides 1m

Max 6 m
c. 1. Heartbeat is started by sinoatrial node/ SAN // SAN acts as a pacemaker 1m

2. SAN releases/ spreads a contractile wave to all the cardiac muscle fibres of
both auricles and producing auricle systole/ Auricle cardiac muscles contract
simultaneously 1m

3. Contractile wave then stimulates the atrioventicular node/ AVN 1m

4. Wave spreads through the left and right bundles of His, then through Purkinje
fibres into the cardiac muscle fibres of the ventricles and producing
ventricular systole/ Ventricle muscles contracts simultaneously 1m

5. Auricle and ventricle diastole occurs as both auricles and ventricles muscle
relax 1m

6. Heartbeat can be regulated by the impulse from the cardiac inhibitory centre/
parasympathetic nerve to reduce the rate of heartbeat 1m

7. Regulated by the impulse from cardiac acceleratory centre/ sympathetic nerve

to increase the rate of heartbeat 1m

8. Adrenaline hormone (secreted by adrenal glands) increases the rate of

heartbeat 1m

9. Thyroxine hormone (secreted by thyroid glands) increases the rate of heartbeat 1m

Max 7 m

19 a. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

1. Stimulates the development of primordial follicles into Graafian follicles
(in the ovary). 1m

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2. Stimulates the secretion of oestrogen from (maturing) follicles (in the ovary) 1m

Oestrogen
1. Repair and development the eroded endometrial walls 1m

2. Inhibits the secretion of FSH (via negative feedback mechanism) to prevent the
development of new follicles (in the ovary) 1m

3. Stimulates the secretion of LH (from the anterior pituitary gland) 1m

LH
1. Stimulates ovulation during the peaks on the 14th day of menstrual cycle 1m

2. Stimulates the development of corpus luteum (in the ovary) to secretes

progesterone 1m

Progesterone
1. Maintains the development and thickening of the endometrium wall 1m

2. Inhibits the secretion of FSH to prevent the development of follicles in the

ovary 1m

3. Inhibits the secretion of LH to prevent ovulation 1m

Max 9 m
b. 1.Imbibition of water occurs/ Seed imbibes water 1m

2. The seed swells and the seed coat ruptures/ break dormancy 1m

3. Entry of water activates the embryo to produce gibberellic acid which moves
to the aleurone layer. 1m

4. Water also activates hydrolytic enzymes which hydrolyses the protein in the
aleurone layer to amino acids 1m

5. Gibberellic acid activates DNA of the aleurone cells to produce α-amylase

and other hydrolytic enzymes (using the amino acids produced) 1m

6. Amylase moves to the endosperm and the stored starch is hydrolyse to maltose
and then hydrolyse to glucose/ lipids to fatty acids and glycerol 1m
7. Hydrolysed products/ glucose are transported to the embryo for growth. 1m

Max 6 m

20. a. 1. Caused by plasmodium through female Anopheles mosquito acts as a vector 1m

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2. Female Anopheles mosquito bites human infected with malaria and picks up
the plasmodium gamete cells 1m

3. Gametes fuse and develop to form sporozoites and migrate to mosquito’s

salivary glands 1m

4. The sporozoites in the saliva are injected into the uninfected human when the
mosquito feeds again 1m

5. Sporozoites travel to the liver via bloodstream and carry out asexual
reproduction to produce merozoites 1m

6. Merozoites causing the liver cells to rupture/ leave the liver and infected red
blood cells/ multiply inside the red blood cells 1m

7. Can be transmitted during blood transfusion/ using unsterile needles/ pass

across the placenta from mother to foetus 1m

Max 5m
b. 1. Improve water storage practices/ eliminate any sources that may collect water/
Cleaning and checking of drains 1m
2. Use appropriate insecticides (larvicides)/ Spraying insecticides/ fogging to kill
adult mosquito 1m
3. Prevent to wear tightly and black clothes/ use mosquito net when sleeping 1m
4. Educate the public in malaria prevention/ create awareness of public/ 1m
Campaign
5. Provide good vaccination programme 1m
6. Use effectively biological control agents of the larvae (cyclopoid copepods)/
bacteria/ eco-friendly mosquito fish (guppy) 5m

Max
c. 1. HIV/ Human Immunodeficiency Virus is retrovirus and the causative agent of 1 m
AIDS

2. HIV infects cells with CD4 molecules (helper T Cells/ macrophages/ B Cells) 1m

3. Virus attaches itself to the receptor on the host cell surface and the HIV protein
envelope is incorporated into the host membrane. 1m

4. Reverse transcriptase catalyse the synthesis of a single stranded DNA using

viral RNA and later producing double stranded viral DNA 1m

5. Double stranded viral DNA incorporated into the host cell’s DNA 1m

6. The provirus may remain dormant but is replicated each time the host cell
divides 1m

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7. Provirus directs the host cell to synthesise new viral proteins and RNA which
are then assembled into new retrovirus 1m

Max 5 m

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