1. An erythrocyte is placed in a beaker with a d.

attachment to the cytoskeleton and

hypertonic solution. What do you think will
happen to the cell after several minutes?
a. It will crenate
b. It will plasmolyze
c. It will become turgid.
d. It will become flaccid.
2. For a few women, normal pregnancy is not
possible because of some anatomical and
physiological abnormalities. Nowadays, the
practice of in vitro fertilization is widely used.
This involves the extraction of the secondary
oocyte from a woman. The oocyte is then
placed in a petri dish. The fertilization and early
development occur in vitro (in glass). Arrange
the following statements to complete the
process of in vitro fertilization
i. It is necessary for the woman to
lie down for several hours.
ii. The embryo is then transferred
extracellular matrix
4. Lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cells,
are divided into two types: B lymphocytes and
T-lymphocytes. What is the role of B
lymphocytes?
a. chemical defense
b. non-specific defense
c. humoral immune response
d. cell-mediated immune response
5. Mutation is the alteration of the form of a
particular gene or chromosome that results in a
new trait to be inherited. Mutations can occur in
chromosome structure or chromosome number.
Several types of gene mutations may occur,
such as insertion and deletion. Here are
examples of changes applied in a sentence:
Insertion of “I”
THE CAT AND DOG RUN

into the uterus of the female. THE CAI TAN DDO GRU N
iii. The embryo will be removed
Deletion of “E”
from the petri dish.
iv. A sperm cell is introduced in the THE CAT AND DOG RUN
petri dish for germination
THC ATA NDD OGR UN
a. IV – I – III – II
From the given examples, we can
b. IV – II – III – I
classify these mutations as
c. IV – I – II – III
d. IV – III – II – I a. point mutations
3. Which of the following is not a function of b. frameshift mutations
membrane proteins? c. carcinogenic mutations
a. as transport vesicles d. None of the choices
b. cell-to-cell communication 6. Population density is described as population
c. cell-to-cell recognition site size per unit area/volume. In population density,
two kinds of factors are being considered:
 dependent and independent factors. Which of production or a considerable decline in the
the following is not a density independent amount of melanin.
factor?
A man who is an intermediate albino (Aa) with
a. diseases
vitiligo (Bb) marries a woman who is an albino
b. forest fires
(aa) but has normal skin (bb). What percent of
c. hurricane
their offspring is considered as purebred?
d. climate change
7. Living organisms have the ability to maintain a a. 25%

stable internal environment and transform from b. 50%

an immature to a mature functional form. These c. 75%

attributes are ________. d. 100%

a. adaptation and growth, respectively 11. Because of the differences in the surface of

b. homeostasis and growth, respectively blood cells that act as antigens, human blood is

c. adaptation and development, classified into four different blood types namely

respectively A, B, AB, and O. Blood type AB is also known

d. homeostasis and development, as “universal recipient” because ________.

respectively a. it has antibody against A and B

8. Which of the following derivative meristems b. it has no antibody against A and B

develops into vascular tissue? c. it has antigen A and antibody against B

a. protoderm d. it has antigen B and antibody against A

b. procambium 12. Which of the following Kingdoms of life has

c. cork cambium genetic material that is exposed to its

d. ground meristem cytoplasm?

9. Based on the taxonomic classification of a. Kingdom Fungi

organisms, which of the following pairs of b. Kingdom Plantae

organisms is mostly related? c. Kingdom Monera

a. turtle and snake d. Kingdom Protista

b. shark and milkfish 13. Developmental biology deals with the study of

c. yeast and mushroom the development of animals. It also deals with

d. water mold and bread mold the processes involved in the transformation of

10. Vitiligo is a disorder in which melanocytes fertilized egg to a more complex individual.

(cells that produce melanin pigment) are unable Which of the following is the correct sequence

to function. As a result, white patches appear on of the development of a simple cell to a more

the skin. Albinism is a chromosomal mutation complex organism?

that may result in the cessation of melanin

 a. fertilization – gametogenesis – 17. In order to maintain the beating of the heart the
gastrulation – cleavage – organogenesis pacemaker located at the heart’s right atrium
– growth and histological differentiation transfers impulses through the two atria,
b. gametogenesis – fertilization – cleavage causing atrial systole and eventually, ventricular
– gastrulation – growth and histological systole. Which of the following is the
differentiation – organogenesis “pacemaker” of the heart?
c. fertilization – gametogenesis – cleavage a. bundle of His
– gastrulation – growth and histological b. sinoatrial node
differentiation – organogenesis c. coronary artery
d. gametogenesis – fertilization – cleavage d. atrioventricular node
– gastrulation – organogenesis – growth 18. Which of the following is closest to the center
and histological differentiation of a woody eudicot stem?
14. Biome is defined as an ecological community a. primary xylem
dominated with distinctive plants and animals. b. primary phloem
Which of the following types of biomes has the c. secondary xylem
greatest number and diverse kinds of species? d. secondary phloem
a. taiga 19. The dwarf water buffalo and the maple tree
b. estuary have eukaryotic type of cells. Which of the
c. savannah following organelles is present in the cells of
d. tropical rainforest the dwarf water buffalo but absent in the cells
15. The life cycle of plants includes the alternation of the maple tree?
of generation, also known as diplohaplontic life a. nucleus
cycle. All of the following have a dominant b. centriole
diploid sporophyte except _________. c. cell wall
a. ferns d. cell membrane
b. mosses 20. Which of the following apples will ripen the
c. pine trees fastest?
d. common weeds a. an apple often flushed with carbon
16. A diploid cell has 28 chromosomes. When dioxide
meiosis occurs, how many chromosomes are b. an apple with an ethylene-releasing
there during Prophase I? banana enclosed in a bag
a. 14 chromosomes c. an apple with a beaker of an ethylene-
b. 28 chromosomes releasing chemical in a plastic bag
c. 56 chromosomes d. Choices b and c
d. 84 chromosomes
21. Organogenesis is the process involved in the
formation of organs. Along with this process,
the cells choose to become a particular type of
cell that will function for a specific organ. This
process is called differentiation. Which of the
following statements true about a differentiated
cell?
i. A differentiated cell utilizes a
particular set of proteins to
perform its function.
ii. Cells that are differentiated
assume a specific shape to
function effectively to the tissue
it belongs
iii. When the cell differentiates, it
deactivates for some time to
regenerate the energy and
materials spent during
differentiation.
iv. Muscle cells, nerve cells, and red
blood cells are examples of
differentiated cells.
a. I and II
b. I, II, and III
c. I, II, and IV
d. All of the choices
22. The DNA sequence below shows the segment
of the gene for human hemoglobin starting with
amino acid residue 24.
Normal: 5’ AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC CCT
GGC CAG GCT 3’
Which of the following amino acid sequences
will change the proline at position 29 to valine,
making the sequence mutant?
Use the following amino acid sequence:
Valine – GTT, GTC Arginine – AGA, AGG
Alanine – GCT, GCC Proline – CCT, CGA
a. 3’ AGT TGG TGG GTT GGC CCT
GGC CAG GCT 5’
b. 5’ AGT TGG GTC TGA GGC CCT
GGC CAG GCT 3’
c. 3’ AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC GTC GGC
CAG GCT 5’
d. 5’ AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC GTC GGC
CAG GCT 3’
23. Specialized cells that no longer divide are
generally locked in which stage of the cell
cycle?
a. G1 phase
b. G2 phase
c. G0 phase
d. S phase
24. The naming of organisms follows the Linnaeus
binomial system. Which of the following is the
correct way of writing the scientific name of
tomatoes?
a. Lycopersicon Esculentum
b. lycopersicon esculentum
c. Lycopersicon esculentum
d. Lycopersicon esculentum
25. In the process of biological magnification,
toxins that are harmful become more
concentrated in the successive trophic levels of
a food web. The pesticides
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and
polychlorinated biphenols (PCBs) are well-
known example of this. Which of the following
organisms will receive the most concentration
of these harmful substances in their body
system?
 a. snakes 28. Progesterone is a substance that prepares the
b. small fishes endometrium in the uterus for implantation of
c. zooplanktons fertilized egg. Where is this substance secreted?
d. fish-eating birds a. infundibulum
26. Incomplete dominance is characterized by a b. corpus luteum
cross between a homozygous dominant and c. Graafian follicle
recessive genes that will result in an d. seminiferous tubule
intermediate trait. Assume the following sets of 29. Biologist Charles Darwin emphasized that
genes in a human being: evolution can best be explained as a
consequence of natural selection. Which of the
B – black-colored pupil HH – straight hair
following statements correctly describes
bb – blue-colored pupil Hh – wavy hair Darwin’s “Natural Selection”?

hh – curly hair a. Chance events result in a change of

A husband and wife, BBHH x bbHh, wants to
know the probability of having a child with
blue-colored pupil and wavy hair. What will
you tell them?
a. There is a ¼ chance that the
offspring will have blue-colored
pupils and wavy hair.
b. There is a ½ chance that the
offspring will have blue-colored
pupils and wavy hair
c. There is no chance that the offspring
will have blue-colored pupils and
wavy hair.
d. impossible to determine
27. Which of the following substances will easily
cross the cell membrane?
a. starch
b. sodium ion
c. chloride ion
d. carbon dioxide
allele frequencies.
b. As the conditions of nature change,
individuals that are fittest and most
adaptable will survive and evolve.
c. Populations exchange members to
converge toward one another.
d. As the organism continues to use a
certain part of its body, it enlarges or
elongates.
30. Which of the following is not achieved by the
cell after cleavage?
a. formation of blastula
b. increase in cell number
c. development of the neural crest
d. increase in the amount of genetic
material
31. One of the processes that enables cells to
harvest the energy stored in food is cellular
respiration. Which of the following is false?
a. It is a catabolic pathway.
b. It is an anabolic pathway.
c. It is an oxidation-reduction process.
 d. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
32. A unicellular organism undergoes _____ when
its cell divides.
a. growth
b. development
c. reproduction
d. All of the choices
33. Turner syndrome is a disorder caused by
missing or incomplete X chromosomes (XO).
As a result, the individual shows the external
physical appearance of a female. However,
along with it are certain characteristics. Which
of the following would be the distinguishing
symptom of a person with Turner syndrome?
a. very pale skin
b. a mousy odor to the urine
c. swelling of the hands and feet
d. secondary sex characteristics do not
develop
34. The energy pyramid shows the decreasing
pattern of energy from producers to consumers
and from one trophic level to another. Produces
are placed at the base of the energy pyramid
because ________.
a. they are used up at a faster rate
b. they have the most amount of energy
available
c. they can be found in aquatic and
terrestrial ecosystem
d. they have pigments available in
producing their own food
35. If the patient is suffering from retention of too
much urine, there might be a problem regarding
the secretion of what hormone?
a. oxytocin
b. growth hormone
c. antidiuretic hormone
d. adrenocorticotropic hormone
36. The structure of DNA can be described as a
double strand twisted with one another to form
a spiral staircase. One chain of DNA strand
contains 16% A, 24% C, 32% T, and 28% G.
What will be the composition of the
complementary chain?
a. 32% T, 12% G, 16% A, and 56% C
b. 32% A, 12% C, 16% T, and 56% G
c. 16% A, 24% C, 32% T, and 28% G
d. 16% T, 24% G, 32% A, and 28% C
37. The eggs of animals are delicate. Therefore,
they must be enclosed in a defensive coat.
Because of this need, some vertebrates
developed extraembryonic membranes. The
extraembryonic membranes are yolk sac,
chorion, allantois, and amnion. The amnion
contains amniotic fluid. What could be the
possible purpose of amniotic fluid?
a. deliver nourishment for the embryo
b. carry nitrogenous wastes away from the
embryo
c. supply blood to the blood vessels of the
embryo
d. serve as a cushion sac around the
embryo against physical trauma
38. Which of the following describes the muscles in
the blood vessels?
a. striated
b. elongated
c. multinucleated
d. nucleus located at the center of the cell
39. In Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda 42. Arrange the following events according to
consists of animals characterized by jointed sequence during a primary ecological
legs. It has five classes, namely: Insecta, succession.
Crustacea, Arachnida, Chilopoda, and i. Spruce-Hemlock forest
Diplopoda. Crustaceans are arthropods having ii. A rubble left behind by a
two pairs of antennae and various pairs of legs. retreating glacier
Which of the following animals below belongs iii. Alders from dense strands
to Class Crustacea? iv. Accumulation of mosses and
a. crab lichens
b. scorpion v. Formation of dwarf willows
c. centipede a. I, II, III, IV, and V
d. grasshopper b. V, IV, III, II, and I
40. Macronutrients are elements needed by plants c. I, III, II, IV, and V
in relatively large amount. All of the following d. II, IV, V, III, and I
are macronutrients except ________. 43. Based on the diagram below, which of the
a. zinc following conditions will not cause the short-
b. nitrogen day plant to flower?
c. potassium a. 1 only
d. phosphorus b. 1 and 3
41. Recombinant DNA is one of the successful c. 1 and 6
applications of genetics in our society and the d. 1, 4, and 6
reason behind the mass production of vaccines, 44. Oogenesis is the meiosis that occurs in the
hormones, etc. Insulin production is made ovary of female organisms. If 5 oogonia are
possible because of recombinant DNA. The present, how many active egg cells are
insulin gene from human DNA is cut with the produced when 3 out of 5 oogonia undergo
use of restriction enzymes. The insulin genes is oogenesis?
then combined in a plasmid (secondary DNA) a. 3
and inserted into another cellular organism. b. 5
What could be the organism? c. 6
a. Corona virus d. 10
b. Escherichia coli 45. In an autonomic nervous system, which of the
c. Tobacco mosaic virus following is an effect of parasympathetic
d. Saccharomyces cerevisiae division?
a. the trachea widens
b. the heart rate increases
 c. the liver is stimulated to release glucose d. Xh Y (hemophilic male) and XH Xh
d. the muscular contractions of stomach (female carrier)
increase 48. Bull’s horn acacias have hollow thorns that
46. The germinal layers, which include the house stinging ants of the genus
ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm, are Pseudomyrmex. The ants feed on sugar
rudiments from which the different organs of produced by nectarines on the tree, sting other
the body are derived. The outer germinal layer insects, remove fungal sports, and clip
(ectoderm) gives rise to the skin epidermis and surrounding vegetation that grow close to the
organs of the nervous system. The middle layer foliage of the acacia tree. This illustrates what
is the mesoderm, which is considered as the type of symbiotic relationship?
origin of the skeletal muscles and blood a. Predation
vascular system, while the innermost layer b. Mutualism
(endoderm) develops the digestive tracts and c. Parasitism
glands. Which of the following organs most d. Commensalism
likely originated from the middle layer? 49. Uterine contractions force the baby out of the
a. cloaca uterus during labor. What hormone is
b. pancreas responsible during uterine contraction?
c. hypophysis a. prolactin
d. vertebral column b. oxytocin
47. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic c. luteinizing hormone
disorder in which blood fails to clot properly d. follicle-stimulating hormone
due to gene mutations. A person with 50. Carefully examine the image. What structures
hemophilia may experience easy bruising and are common from each animal during the
sudden bleeding. The pedigree diagram below period of development?
shows the inheritance of hemophilia. i. Tail
ii. Gill pouches
What could be the possible genotypes and
iii. Hind legs
phenotypes of the parents?
iv. Forelimbs
H H h
a. X Y (normal male) and X X (female a. I and II only
carrier) b. I, II, and III
h H H
b. X Y (hemophilic male) and X X c. I, III, and IV
(normal female) d. All of the above
h h h
c. X Y (hemophilic male) and X X
(hemophilic female)