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PAIN CONCEPT
DEFENITION
Engel (1970)
Pain is a basically unpleasant sensation referred to the body which
represents the suffering induced by psychic perception of real,
threatened, or phantasied injury.
Kozier
Pain is a highly unpleasant and very personal sensation that can’t be
shared with others.
Cronic pain
Develops more slowly and lasts much longer than acute
pain, usually recurring or persisting over 6 months or longer.
The sufferers may find it difficult to remember when such
pain first started
b. According to its origin
Cutaneous pain
Originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue.
A paper cut causing a sharp pain with some burning is an
example of cutaneous pain.
Deep somatic pain
Visceral pain
Results from stimulation of pain reseptor in abdominal cavity,
cranium and thorax.
An obstructed bowel will result in visceral pain.
c. According to where it is experienced in the body
Radiating pain
Referred pain
Intractable pain
Pain that is highly resistant to relief. Example is the pain
from an advanced malignancy.
Phantom pain
Felt in a part of the body that is no longer present.
Perceived in a body part that is missing.
For xample, Pain is perceived in an amputated leg
Physiology of Pain
TRANDUKSI
TRANSMISI
PERSEPSI
MODULASI
TRANDUKSI
memicu nociseptor
TRANSMISI
3 tahap
Aktivasi ( Activation)
respon simpato adrenal, respon muskuler, respon emosional
Pemantulan ( Rebound)
nyeri sangat hebat tapi singkat
Adaptasi ( Adaptation)
lama tubuh mencoba beradaptasi
Intensitas
Di jabarkan dalam skala nyeri
0 = Tidak nyeri
1 – 3 = Ringan
4 – 6 = Sedang
7 – 9 = Sangat nyeri tapi masih dapat di control
10 = Sangat nyeri dan tidak dapat dikontrol oleh pasien
Kualitas dan karakteristik
Perawat menolong pasien untuk menggambarkan kualitas
nyerinya bila pasien mengalami kesukaran.
Faktor presipitasi
b. Faktor yang memperberat nyeri
d. Respon fisik
Diagnosa Keperawatan
Tindakan /intervensi ;
a) Pemijatan / massage
-Distraksi visual
-Distraksi auditory
-Distraksi taktil
-Distraksi intelentual
e) Acupressure
Berkembang dari sistem penyembuhan akupunktur