EARLY CHILDHOOD

Physical Development

Children’s bodies change proportions and

they start to look more adult than babies.
Arms and legs stretch to catch up and
balance out the head and trunk.
Children begin to lose their “baby fats” as
they develop, sleeker and straighter bodies
with strong muscle( necessary for work and
place)
Children expect to grown 2-3 inches in
height per year.
Children healthy growth is supported by
A). Physical Development: Motor
Skills
During early childhood children continue to
•expand – 3 years
Age 2their repertoire
old - of physical
run, skills.
jump and hop.
• Age 3 – 4 years old – catching and throwing.
• Age 4 – 5 years old – go up and down the
stairs.
• Age 5 – 6 years old – running faster, can drive
bicycle with training wheels.
B). Physical Development: Fine
Necessary tomotor skillsand more precise
engage in smaller
•movements.
Age 2 – 3 years old - can build towers out of blocks.
• Age 3 – 4 years old – manipulate clothing fasteners.
• Age 4 – 5 years old – they can button or unbutton their
clothes by themselves.
• Age 5 – 7 years old –succeeding in school such as
During early
printing childhood
letters children also learn “toilet
and numbers.
training” as early as age 2.
• mostly 5 or 6 years old – time to
begin school.
 Cognitive Development
According to Piaget, young children go through
two distinct substages in cognitive development
during this stage.
Symbolic Function stage ( Ages 2 – 4 years old )
• Children master the ability to picture and
understand
1). objects
Conservation in their
- child’s minds
ability to understand that
that are
certain not immediately
physical characteristicsinoffront of them .
objects
remain the same.
2). Transformation – Understand how certain
physical characteristics change while others remain
 Intuitive Thought stage ( Ages 4 – 7 years old )
• Children learn by asking questions such as
“why” and “how come”
• Children tend to be so certain of their
• Centration
knowledge – Hone
and understanding that they are
in one characteristics of someone or
unaware.
something.
• Cognitive Skills - Shift from depending on magical beliefs.
• Ability to comprehend dual relationships.
 INFORMATION PROCESS MODELING
AGE 2 – 5 Years Old - Children developed the
skills to focus attention for extended periods, or
recognize previous information
Scripts – Help children to understand , interpret or
predict what will happen in future.
Age 5 – 7 – Children learn how to focus and use
METACOGNITION
their cognitive abilities for specific purpose.
AGE 5- 7 – Children realize that they can actively
control their brain and influence their ability to
process and accomplish mental task.
 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Emotional Intelligence is term used to describe
someone’s ability to express his or her emotions
and also to understand the triggers or the outcome
of certain emotions.
TEST and RESEARCH
Abstract thinking and language skills increase,
they become better to label and discuss their
emotions with others.
Develop self-conscious emotions they start
evaluating themselves, instead of purely reacting to
caregivers or adults evaluations.
Empathy is an important component of positive
social behavior. It is depends on cognitive and
language development.
REFLECTIVE EMPATHY – The ability to take
another person’s perspective in order to understand
what they feeling.
Young Children often need plenty of guidance and
positive discipline in order to learn how to control
their anger.