07 Intranets and Extranets - 2

Telecommunications, the Internet,
Intranets, and Extranets
Fundamentals of Information 1
Systems, Second Edition
Learning Objectives
– Define the term telecommunications and

identify and describe the function of the
components of a telecommunications system.
– Identify and briefly describe three basic data
processing strategies, including their
advantages and disadvantages.
Learning Objectives
– Briefly describe how the Internet works,

including alternatives for connecting to it and
the role of Internet service providers.
– Identify and briefly describe common Internet
services.
Learning Objectives
– Describe the World Wide Web and the way it
works, including the use of Web browsers,
search engines, Java, and other Web tools.
– Define the terms intranet and extranet and
discuss how organizations are using them.
– Identify several control and management
issues associated with the use of networks.
Telecommunication
– Electronic transmission of signals for

communications
– Telecommunications device is a hardware
component that allows electronic
communication to occur
– Telecommunications medium carries an
electronic signal and interfaces between a
sending device and a receiving device
Elements of a Telecommunications
System
Media Types (1)
– Twisted-pair wire cable: Twisted pairs of copper wire

• Used in telephone service
• Slow transmission
– Coaxial cable: Conductor wire is insulated
• Faster than twisted-pair
– Fiber-optic cable: Thin strands of glass bound
together
• Uses light beams
• Faster than coaxial cable
Media Types (2)
– Microwave transmission: High-frequency
radio signal
• Must have unobstructed line of sight between
sender and receiver
• Possible to intervene
– Cellular transmission: Divide area into cells
• Each cell has a mobile telephone subscriber unit
• Possible to intervene
– Infrared transmission: Signals as light waves
Common Wiring and Cabling Types
Common Telecommunications Devices
– Modem: Translates data from digital form into

analog form (for ordinary phones) and back
• MOdulation and DEModulation
– Fax modem: Facsimile device but also a
modem
– Multiplexer: Allow several signals to be
transmitted over the same line
– PBX: Manages both voice and data transfer
• Switching equipment routes phone calls and
messages within the building
Carriers and Services
• Common carriers: Turk Telecom, AT&T

• Switched lines
– Use switching equipment to connect one phone to
another
– Switch: Special purpose circuit that directs messages
in certain directions
• Digital subscriber lines (DSL)
– Use existing lines to transmit signals over 500Kbps
– Faster Internet access
Costs, Advantages, and Disadvantages of
Several Line and Service Types
Line/Service Speed Cost per Advantages Disadvantages
month
Standard 56Kbps $10-40 Broadly Too slow
phone line available
ISDN 64-128Kbps $50-150 Faster Not available
everywhere
DSL 500Kbps- $20-120 Use standard Expensive; not
1.5Mbps line available ew.
Cable 500Kbps- $20-120 Use existing “”
modem 1.5Mbps cable
T1 1.544 Mbps $600-1200 FAST; used by EXPENSIVE
corporations
Satellite 60-800Kps $30-120 Instead of Expensive
cable or DSL installation
Networks and Distributed Processing
• Computer network - communications media, devices, and software

needed to connect two or more computer systems.
• Centralized processing - processing occurs in a single location or

facility.
• Decentralized processing - processing devices are placed at

various locations.
• Distributed processing - computers are placed at remote locations

but are connected to each other via telecommunications devices.
Terminal-to-Host Connection
• Host computer has the data and the processing

power
• Dumb terminal contacts host computer for jobs
File Server Connection
• The application and database reside in host

computer.
• Files transferred as a whole and processed by
the user
Client/Server Connection
• Servers have special functionalities (database

server, program execution, etc.)
• Clients request services from servers
• Clients process service results
Network Types
• Local area network (LAN)

– Same geographic area
– Wired into office buildings (unshielded twisted-pair)
• Wide area network (WAN)
– Microwave and satellite transmission
– Long-distance calls
• International network
– Transborder data flow
– International laws
A Typical LAN
A Wide Area Network
Connecting Computing Devices Using a Home
Network
Communications Software and
Protocols
• Communications software - provides a number of
important functions in a network
• Network operating system - controls the computer

systems and devices on a network and allows them to
communicate with each other
• Network management software - a manager can

monitor the use of individual computers and shared
hardware
• Communications protocol - rules and standards that

make communications possible
Common Communications Protocols
Protocol Description
Open Systems Interconnection Divides data communication into
(OSI) seven layers for maintenance
Transport control Primary communication protocol of
protocol/Internet Protocol the Internet
(TCP/IP)
Ethernet Used in LANs
Asynchronous transfer mode Organizes data into 53-byte cells for
(ATM) fast transmission
802.11a Supports wireless ATM devices
Bluetooth Wireless communication for cell
phones, handheld computers
802.11b (Wi-fi)
Use and Functioning of the
Internet
Routing Messages Over the Internet
How the Internet Works
• Internet Protocol (IP): Set of rules to pass

packets from one computer to another
• Transport Control Protocol (TCP): Set of
rules to establish and break connections
• Internet Protocol Address: Unique address
for each computer on the Internet
• Static vs. dynamic
U.S. Top-Level Domain Affiliations
Three Ways to Access the Internet
Internet Service Providers
• Organizations that provide access to the

Internet
• Choose based on price, reliability, other
features (e-mail address)
• Examples: Superonline, E-kolay
Internet and
Telecommunications Services
Summary of Internet Services (1)
• E-mail
• Instant messaging
• Telnet/SSH
• FTP
• Chat rooms
• Internet phone
• Internet video conferencing
Summary of Internet Services (2)
• Shop on the Web:

• Auctions: http://www.gittigidiyor.com/
• Distance learning
• Music, radio on the Internet
Common Abbreviations Used in Personal
E-Mail
Two Approaches to Electronic Data
Interchange
Public Network and Specialized Services
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web
An Internet service comprising tens of thousands

of independently owned computers that work
together as one.
– Home page: Cover page with text and graphics

– Hypertext markup language (HTML): Standard
language to describe Web pages
Several Interesting Web Sites
Sample HTML
Search Engine
Intranets and Extranets
Intranets and Extranets
• Intranet – an internal corporate network built using

Internet and WWW standards and products
• Extranet - a network that links selected resources of the

intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or
other business partners
• Virtual private network - a secure connection between

two points across the Internet
• Firewall - a device that sits between your internal

network and the outside Internet
Summary of Internet, Intranet, and
Extranet Users
Virtual Private Network
Net Issues
Privacy and Security
• Cookie: Text that is put on user computer to

track Web site usage
• Cryptography: Converting a message into a
secret code and then back into the message
• Encryption
• Digital Signature: Who sent the message, did
the message change on the way?
Cryptography
Summary
• Networks - used to share hardware, programs,

and databases across the organization.
• Internet - transmits data from one computer

(called a host) to another.
• The Web - a collection of tens of thousands of

independently owned computers that work
together as one in an Internet service.

07 Intranets and Extranets - 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

07 Intranets and Extranets - 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Telecommunications, the Internet,

Intranets, and Extranets

– Define the term telecommunications and

– Briefly describe how the Internet works,

– Electronic transmission of signals for

– Twisted-pair wire cable: Twisted pairs of copper wire

– Modem: Translates data from digital form into

• Common carriers: Turk Telecom, AT&T

• Computer network - communications media, devices, and software

• Centralized processing - processing occurs in a single location or

• Decentralized processing - processing devices are placed at

• Distributed processing - computers are placed at remote locations

• Host computer has the data and the processing

• The application and database reside in host

• Servers have special functionalities (database

• Local area network (LAN)

• Network operating system - controls the computer

• Network management software - a manager can

• Communications protocol - rules and standards that

• Internet Protocol (IP): Set of rules to pass

• Organizations that provide access to the

• Shop on the Web:

An Internet service comprising tens of thousands

– Home page: Cover page with text and graphics

• Intranet – an internal corporate network built using

• Extranet - a network that links selected resources of the

• Virtual private network - a secure connection between

• Firewall - a device that sits between your internal

• Cookie: Text that is put on user computer to

• Networks - used to share hardware, programs,

• Internet - transmits data from one computer

• The Web - a collection of tens of thousands of

You might also like