BHAILALBHAI BHIKHABHAI INSTITUE OF

TECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT: MAINTENANCE AND
REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURES

P R E S E N TAT I O N
TO P I C : D E M O L I T I O N A N D
DISSMANTLING TECHNIQUES

GROUP MEMBERS :

1. PARMAR SHUBHAM N. 186058306003

2. PATEL NEEL S. 186058306004
3. PATEL RUSHIL A. 186058306005
4. SUTHAR PRAVIN D. 186058306007
5. VAHORA AHESHAN N. 186058306008
 PLUMBING SYSTEM

 The Plumbing system comprises the whole system of pipe fittings and appliances used

for water supply and drainage. In this supply and drainage system different pipes are
used for different purposes which are explained below.
 Different types of plumbing pipes are used in building construction works for various

purposes such as water supply, drainage, waste disposal made of different materials.
 In every building, sufficient quantity of water should be available at required locations

to meet various needs of occupants. So, water needs must be properly computed before
the construction of structure.
 The materials and systems used for the installation, maintenance, extension, alternation

of pipe system of a house or building is called house plumbing.

HOUSE PLUMBING
 TECHNICAL TERMS

 WATER MAIN:-

Water main which is also called a street main is a water supply pipe laid by the
Administrative authorities like Municipal Committee from which the house
connections are allowed by it.
AVAILABLE HEAD:-

It is the water head available from a water main to the plinth level of the building.

 AIR GAP:-
It is the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture or other device and flood
level rim of the receptacle in a water supply stream.
 BACK SIPHONAGE:-

it is the flow of used water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into the supply pipe due
to the lowering of pressure in supply pipe.

 STORAGE TANK:-

It is a tank or cistern in which water is stored and is connected to the water main by
means of supply pipe.
STOREGE TANK
 Down Take Tap:-
It is a tap fitted to a system of piping which is not subjected to water pressure from the
water main.
 Back flow:-
It is the flow of water or any other liquid in distribution pipes of water supply stream
system from any source or source other than its regular source.
 Residual Head:-

It is the pressure available at the tail end of the distribution system.

 Wash Out Valve:-

It is the device which is fitted at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of draining the
water out for cleaning and maintenance.
 SEWERAGE:-

It is the system of underground sewers to carry sewage by water carriage system away from
the towns or cities to dispose it off in such a way that it may not cause any damage to human
health.

 MANHOLE:-

It is the hole or shaft provided in a drain, sewer or any other closed structure in which a man
enter for inspection, cleaning or maintenance operation. A manhole is provided with a cover
at top.

 CLEANING EYE:-

It is an opening in a drain or sewer which is used for cleaning any obstruction in it by

means of drain rod. It is provided with removable cover.
 PLUMBING TOOLS

 Pipe wrenches:-

Used in pairs, one to grip the pipe and the other to turn the fitting, pipe wrenches have
adjustable, toothed jaws designed for gripping and turning threaded pipes and pipe
fittings. They come in several sizes, from 12 to 18 inches long the larger the wrench,
the larger the pipe it will fit. Lock a pipe wrench onto a pipe or fitting so that, during
turning, the force is applied against the permanent jaw, not the adjustable one. When
turning appearance-grade pipes, such as those with a chrome finish, protect the
material from scratches by wrapping the pipe wrenches’ jaws with duct tape.
PIPE WRENCHE
 PIPECUTTER:-
 A pipecutter is a type of tool used by plumbers to cut pipe. Besides producing a clean
cut, the tool is often a faster, cleaner, and more convenient way of cutting pipe than
using a hacksaw, although this depends on the metal of the pipe.
 There are two types of pipe cutters. Plastic tubing cutters, which really look much like
a pair of pruning shears, may be used for thinner pipes and tubes, such as sprinkler
pipe. For use on thicker pipes, there is a pipecutter with a sharp wheel and adjustable
jaw grips. These are used by rotating it around the pipe and repeatedly tightening it
until it cuts all of the way through.
 PIPE VICE:-
 Pipe vies are a plumber's tool, often used to hold pipes in place for threading and

cutting. There are two main styles: chain and yoke. The yoke type vies uses a screw to
clamp down the pipe, and the chain style uses a chain for securing the pipe.
 HACKSAW:-
 A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal. Most
hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such
hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow
disposable blade. Standard hacksaw blade lengths are 10 to 12 in (250 to 300 mm).
Blades can be as small as 6 in (150 mm). Standard hacksaw blade lengths are 10 to
12 in (250 to 300 mm). Blades can be as small as 6 in (150 mm).
 ADJUSTABLE WRENCH:-

 The most common type of adjustable wrench in use today. The adjustable end wrench

differs from the monkey wrench in that the gripping faces of the jaws are displaced to a
(typically) 15 degree angle relative to the tool's handle, a design feature that facilitates
the wrench's use in close quarters.
 HYDRAULIC PIPE BENDING MACHINES:-

TYPE VXHPB-9 (1 ½ -2") VXHPB-19(1 ½ -3") VXHPB-21 ((1 ½ --4")

CAPACITY 9 Ton. 19 Ton. 21 Ton.
MAXIMUM STROKE 250 mm. 320 mm. 370 mm.
CRIMP RANGE ( mm.) 21.3-60 mm. 21.3-88.5 mm. 21.3- 108 mm.
BENDING FORMERS ½, ¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2 ½, ¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, ¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2, 2
(inch) ½, 3 ½, 3, 4
WALL THICKNESS OF 2.75 mm. - 4.5 mm. 2.75 mm. - 5 mm. 2.75 mm. - 6 mm.
PIPE
VOLUME (cm.) 73 x 32 x 20 93 x 40 x 21 118 x 46 x 23
WEIGHT (approx.) 53 kgs. 117 kgs. 200 kgs.
 WATER PUMP PLIERS:-
 Tongue-and-groove pliers are a type of slip-joint pliers. They are also known as water

pump pliers, adjustable pliers, groove-joint pliers, arc-joint pliers, Multi-Grips, tap or
pipe spanners, gland pliers and Channel locks.
 They have serrated jaws generally set 45 to 60 degrees from the handles. The lower

jaw can be moved to a number of positions by sliding along a tracking section under
the upper jaw. An advantage of this design is that the pliers can adjust to a number of
sizes without the distance in the handle growing wider. These pliers often have long
handles—commonly 9.5 to 12 inches long—for increased leverage.
 Tongue-and-groove pliers are commonly used for turning and holding nuts and bolts,

gripping irregularly shaped objects, and clamping materials

WATER PUMP PLIERS
CHAIN WRENCH:-
A self-tightening wrench with either a chain or strap of metal, leather, or rubber attached
to a handle, used to grip and turn smooth cylindrical objects (such as automotive oil
filters). It relies entirely on friction between the strap or chain and the object to be
manipulated. Similar to a pipe wrench, but uses a chain similar to a drive chain or strap,
instead of an adjustable jaw. The links of the chain have extended pegs which fit into
grooves in the front of the handle, with one end of the chain attached permanently to the
handle. This is used in situations where pipe wrenches cannot maintain a proper grip on
an object such as a wet or oily pipe. Larger versions of chain wrenches are sometimes
known as "bull tongs" and are used with large diameter pipe such as is used deep wells.
 SET COMMON AND RING SPANNERS:-
 PIPES AND PIPE FITTINGS

 IN HOUSE PLUMBING TWO TYPES PIPES USED

1.Water supply pipes
2.House drainage pipes

 SUB TYPES OF PIPES:-

1.soil pipes
2.waste pipes
3.vent pipes
4.ventilating pipes
5.rain water pipes
 COMMAN SOIL AND RAIN WATER FITTINGS:-
SINGLE SOCKETED PIPE
SINGLE EQUAL JUNCTION

PLAIN BEND
PIPE-SHOE

SWAN NECK
DOUBLE EQUAL JUNCTION

REDUCING PIECE
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAPS IN PLUMBING:-

In plumbing, a trap is a device shaped with a bending pipe path to the retain fluid
to prevent sewer gases from entering building while allowing waste materials to pass
through. In domestic applications, traps are typically U, S, Q, or J – shaped pipe
located below or with in a plumbing fixture. The most common of these traps are
referred to as a P trap.
Plumbing is a work that is mainly related to, supply of water and disposal of
sewage. The plumbing system shall remain odourless provided, it is designed skillfully
and installed decently.
Sewage is a waste water which itself produces foul gases. The gases include
methane, carbon monoxides and sulphide, which are unsafe to health and sometimes
fatal. We cannot stop the process of producing the foul gases from the waste, but we
can definitely stop the entry of such gases into the house. Sewer gases sometimes prove
fatal and can bring minor illness. Here comes the role of plumbing traps.
 The trap can be defined as fittings at the end of soil pipes or waste pipes to stop foul
gases (odour) coming out of these soil pipe or waste pipe. It means, it maintains the
water seal inside it and block the entering passage of foul or unhealthy gases.
 ROLE OF PLUMBING TRAPS:-
 Plumbing trap is a part of the drainage system. It is developed or designed in such a
way that it retains a small quantity of waste water from the discharge, of fitting to
which it is attached, as a barrier to prevent foul gases or air entering in the building.
 Plumbing traps are an important component of the sewage system. They prevent
entry of foul air, insects and parasites from the sewers into the building and resist the
spread of diseases. Traps are constructed, so that they retain a body of water which
acts as a water seal.
 Traps should be of the self-cleaning type. They should generate enough speed from
the available flow to create a self-cleansing effect, i.e. a smooth finish and a full
identical opening.
 Floor Trap or Nahni Trap:-
 Floor trap or Nahni trap is provided in to the floor to collect waste water from

bathroom, wash area, washbasin, and kitchen sink area etc.

 It is normally made in 80 mm diameter and the depth of water seal provided is about 50

mm.
 GULLY TRAP:-

 A gully trap is provided outside the building before connecting it to external sewerage

line. It also collects waste water from the kitchen sink, wash basins, bath and wash
area.
 P, Q AND S-TRAP:-
 P, Q, and S traps are classified according to their shape. They essentially consist of U –

Tube which retains water acting as seal between the foul gas and atmosphere .
 INTERCEPTING TRAP:-
 Intercepting trap is provided in to the Interceptor Manhole (Interceptor Chamber). An

Interceptor manhole is provided at the interception of building sewer and Public sewer.
Intercepting trap is provided to prevent the foul gases from public sewers entering in to
the building sewer by providing water seal.
 Grease Trap:-
 Grease trap is installed in the waste pipe from one or more fixtures for the purpose of

separating grease from the liquid and retaining the grease.

 AFOREMENTIONED TYPES OF TRAPS ARE WIDELY USED IN

PLUMBING WORK BUT AN IDEAL PLUMBING TRAPS HAVE

FOLLOWING FEATURES OR BENEFITS:-
 Resistance to the impact damage and house hold chemical

 Prevent entry of foul air, insects and parasites from the sewers

 Anti-rodent and self-cleaning

 Long service life

 Easier and quick installation

 Economical