ADAPTIVE REUSE

1. WHAT IS ADAPTIVE REUSE AND ITS FEASIBILITY

2. HISTORY OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
3. SCENARIO OF ADAPTIVE REUSE IM INDIA SPECIFICALLY MUMBAI
4. URBAN RENEWEL ELEMENTS COMES UNDER ADAPTIVE REUSE
5. CONSERVATION
6. THE INTRINSIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN RENEWAL, CONSERVATION, ADAPTIVE
REUSE
7. ADVANTAGES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
8. GUIDELINES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE ICOMOS,
9. CASE STUDIES
ADAPTIVE REUSE
WHAT IS ADAPTIVE REUSE
1. Adaptive Reuse is defined as the aesthetic process that adapts buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features.
2. the renovation and reuse of pre-existing structures for new purposes.
3. Conversion of a building, site or surroundings from one use to another
Using an adaptive reuse model can prolong a building's life, from cradle-to-grave, by retaining all or most of the building
system, including the structure, the shell and even the interior materials. This type of revitalization is not restricted to
buildings of historic significance and can be a strategy adopted in case of obsolete buildings.
Some urban planners see adaptive reuse as an effective way of reducing urban sprawl and environmental impact Revitalizing
the existing built fabric by finding a new use or purpose for obsolete buildings can be a wonderful resource to a community
by "keeping neighbourhoods occupied and vital“.
According to Yung and Chan, "adaptive reuse is a new kind of maintainable rebirth of city, as it covers the building’s lifetime
and evades destruction waste, encourages recycles of the embodied dynamism and also delivers substantial social and
economic profits to the world.
they create voids in the urban fabric that impede development and regeneration around them.
ADVANTAGES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE /
1) Cost savings on building material, lowers construction cost.
2) Cost savings on demolition, beneficial for both developer and municipals.
3) Saves time, faster than brand new construction
4) Availability of Federal, State and local funds
5) Decreased public and social costs
6) Conserves energy, reduce waste generated
7) Reduce urban sprawl
8) Rejuvenates the heritage and cultural values Creates a diverse community
ADAPTIVE REUSE
FACTORS EFFECTS IN ADAPTIVE REUSE
Economic considerations
Capital investment
Asset condition
Social considerations
Environmental considerations
Water efficiency
Energy conservation
Materials and resources
Built heritage preservation
Urban regeneration
According to Chusid's “urban ore” concept, existing buildings that are fast approaching dilapidation or disuse are a
“mine of raw materials for new projects”. According to their study, a building reaches its maximum potential for
adaptive reuse at a point when the building's age and its useful life merge or meet. At this point, the building's
adaptive reuse potential is either an upward curve or a downward curve which can determine whether the potential
is high, medium or low.
INDIAN CONTRIBUTION IN ADAPTIVE REUSE- urban sprawl, Complex way of studying all the possibilities of innovative
reuse of a structure, Sustainable technique and a tool for the heritage conservation.
MOST APPROPRIATE CITIES IN INDIA- mills of Mumbai, warehouses of Kolkata, proposed Indra Prastha power plant ,
delhi to art gallery, india.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
Three main approaches can be distinguished: TYPOLOGICAL, TECHNICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STRATEGIES. Each
approach is discussed separately and an overview of relevant literature is presented in a schematic way.
‘The function is the most obvious change, but other alterations may be made to the building itself such as the
circulation route, the orientation, the relationships between spaces; additions may be built and other areas may be
demolished’.
HISTORY OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
• IN PAST These design interventions, however, were done in A PRAGMATIC WAY in many cases without heritage
preservation as an intention . Instead, the driving force behind reuse was basically functional and financial.
• A theoretical approach towards adaptive reuse was only established in the 19th century
• Riegl distinguishes different types of values which he generally grouped as commemorative values (including
age-value, historical value and intentional commemorative value) as opposed to present-day values (including
use-value, art-value and newness-value). By including the use value in his assessment of monuments, he
recognized reuse of historic buildings as an intrinsic part of modern conservation
SCOPE - adaptive reuse has also been studied within the fields of urban regeneration, engineering, sustainability and
economy
ADAPTIVE REUSE
STEPS/DECESIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE ADAPTIVE REUSE BEGINNING
Building condition assessment
Survey of neighbourhoods
Financial considerations
Architect’s contract
Detailed study of structure
Designing to save energy
Building owners and developers can take the potential advantage of adaptive reuse by taking away components from
unused buildings and then repair, reuse or recycle its constituent parts. Disassembly is a form of recovering target
products and plays a key role to maximize the efficiency of an adaptive reuse project. This disassembly planning
sequence aims to reduce the environmental impacts caused due to demolition using a "rule-base recursive analysis
system" with practical and viable solutions.
TYPES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE INTERVENTIONS
• Historic preservation
• Renovation
• Facades
• Integration
• Infrastructure reuse
ADAPTIVE REUSE
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ITS NECESSITIES.
Market Shifts:
What was popular last decade may not relevant now
Technology:
Online replaces on-site
Smart:
Makes the most of limited Tempe resources by helping
business owners, landowners and tenants find new
uses for existing space
MORE DEFINED FORM -Adaptive Reuse:
 New use
 Recycling of buildings
 A method of protecting historically significant buildings from demolition.
 Rehabilitation

Approaches in dealing with adaptive reuse of heritage buildings:

 Optimal balance.
 Selection of an appropriate use – minimization of possible conflict between preserving the heritage value and
upgrading the building to current standards.
 Identification of character defining elements.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
CRITERIAS - For developers, land must be accessible, conveniently located, properly zoned and supplied with
necessary public services, such as utilities and transportation. Infill areas become perfect candidates for
redevelopment projects.
For the public sector, a new development should generate public revenue in excess of public costs, improve the
surrounding environment, and provide an appropriate mix of both commercial real estate and housing for all income
levels.
To succeed, the project required multiple layers of financing, public sector incentives, and the involvement of non-
governmental not-for-profit agencies, all requiring complex valuation and real estate analysis expertise. These latter
groups, with their special expertise in dealing with target populations for affordable housing, bring invaluable
resources to the process.
The challenge in all of these high-risk, high-reward projects is that it requires specialized expertise to determine
what a piece of property is worth both before and after the remediation process so that the owners know how much
they can invest in the project and still get their money back. Such complex consultations and appraisals are
performed by just a handful of valuation firms working in conjunction with partners in the engineering profession.
A property, which in the past might have simply been covered over and developed, must now be fully remediated to
stringent standards. But, many developers are finding that the rewards outweigh the risks in these projects. face the
continued loss of developable land due to brownfields abandonment while the demand for urban places to live
continues to grow. The better solution is for more public-private partnerships of developers and municipalities
actively working to reuse the abandoned brownfields which exist today.
Through the examination of reuse case studies, a coarse classification of project
typologies
The thesis builds on the earlier classification system to propose an integrated strategy with which to
approach the redevelopment of the building. The final part of the thesis briefly describes a few
environmental evaluation methods that might be used to judge the sustainability of the reuse project. The
proposed solution is analysed to see if the design decisions made with environmental sustainability in mind
can be quantified.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
CONSIDERING CASE OF MUMBAI AS ADAPTIVE REUSE SITE FOR MAJOR ART DECO CITY
Indeed, many industrial buildings are converted into uses that drive far more people through them in large groups.
However, the wear on doors may require replace the original ones. Difficulty moving groups through the entrance
may necessitate building an addition. Reconfiguring the interior changes the experience of the historic space.
The benefits of adaptively reusing heritage buildings in Mumbai:
Environmental:
 Environmental benefits.
 Embodied energy.
 Embodied energy is retained - Environmentally sustainable.
Social:
 Long-term benefits.
 Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain the heritage significance of a building and help to ensure its survival.
 Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered unrecognizable.
 Future generations will benefit.
 Our lifestyle is enhanced.
Economic:
 Financial savings and returns.
 Embodied energy savings from not demolishing a building will only increase with the predicted rise of energy
costs in the future.
 The study also concluded that “these sympathetic adaptive re-use schemes have created commercially viable
investment assets for the owners”.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
SOME MORE BENEFITS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE AND ITS APPORTUNITIES
• Explores the options that lie between demolition or turning site into a museum.
• Adding a new layer without erasing earlier layers
• Sites may have been abandoned long ago or may have ceased for their original purpose and scope of adaption
Gives ongoing life while retaining memories .
• social values and expectations
• Industrial heritage provided livelihood for substantial section of the community
• Community and individual value heritage differently
• Can create new stories and identity to the community,So community support is necessary for effective reuse
• Reuse is valued for sustainability initiatives
• Energy is saved in rehabilitating an existing building
• Retention of building’s embodied energy Reuse of building materials saves 95% of embodied energy.
• Not always possible to find a long term reuse
• Way to maintain sites in use and to avoid demolition by neglect ,This include retail shops, exhibition spaces, art
and craft studios, storage spaces etc…
• Parameters should be clearly established and rights and responsibilities clearly understood
REGULATIONS - Planning policy makes adaptive reuse viable, Zoning also have significant impact on reuse Changes
in zoning can lead to change in land values, Research approaches which have been successfully used in other sites
with similar issues
ADAPTIVE REUSE
WHAT IS AN APPROPRIATE REUSE?
• Will the original plan and spatial structure be able to be read within the adapted building?
• Will the reuse involve substantial changes to the building fabric?
• Will the reuse respect the heritage associations and meanings of the place?
CONCLUSION BASED ON CASE STUDIES
• Preserving our heritage is vital as it adds to our intelligence, we can strengthen our future strategies for
development.
• As the architecture of the pol houses is in conjunction to the climatic, social, cultural requirements it can act as a
model for future generations to learn the principals of sustainability and originated to meet the basic needs of
the owner/inhabitants.
• The process of preservation should not only exhibit the old houses as objects but to successfully adopt them so
that they become self sustained.
• Traditional structures should be upgraded to recreate quality habitants and sources of technical knowhow as
they are based in response to climatic and social factors keeping in mind human requirements.
• Sustainability can be achieved only if these structures are adopted for contemporary uses which will save our
built heritage and also conserve the embodied energy used to built these houses.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
DETAILED APPROACHES FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE IN CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT
• Typological approach-Several authors followed this approach of presenting an introductory essay followed by
case studies which are organised according to the building category or building type of the host space.
Focuses on the reason of redundancy and the difficulties and opportunities towards reuse of each typology.
Furthermore, numerous studies have approached the reuse of one specific building type, e.g. religious buildings or
industrial buildings among others
• Technical approach-Discuss about technical issues through method of process needed to be carried out like
advantages of rehabilitation, making a distinction between domestic and nondomestic buildings; secondly, he
includes a technical chapter in which he discusses the improvement of fire resistance, thermal performance,
acoustic performance, prevention of damp penetration, condensation and timber decay.
• Do stress the importance of an interdisciplinary approach towards reuse of historic buildings, including issues of
conservation, architecture, planning and engineering.
Strategic approach - the strategic approach focuses on the process and strategies applied for converting significant
buildings. Mach ado in his essay ‘architecture as palimpsest’ presents what he calls ‘some pre-theoretical “suggestive
material” that could be developed as concepts to consider what is specific to remodelling.
Suggest different possible ways of thinking about remodelling, various concepts for conversion. This can be divided
into 7 concepts , namely (1) building within, (2) building over, (3) building around, (4) building alongside, (5)
recycling materials or vestiges, (6) adapting to a new function and (7) building in the style of. Each of these
concepts refers to a specific physical intervention.
THIS STRATEGIES ARE INTERVENTION, INSTALLATION, INSERTION OR TRANSFORMATION, ADDITION,
CONVERSION
Also distinction between ‘design strategies’ and ‘architectonic expressions’ like as the aesthetic qualities of the
intervention or only any physical intervention.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
A PROGRAM TO BE PROPOSED IN MUMBAI
Recently INTACH proposed a program called Modern Architectural Heritage of Delhi to address post-1947 architecture.5 In
Mumbai, the Heritage Regulations for Greater Bombay Act of 1995 established graded protections for different types of built
environments,6 the first law in India to protect a precinct .
Two other groups—the Bombay Environmental Action Group (BEAG) and the MUMBAI Heritage Conservation Committee
(MHCC)—also have influence. In addition, the Urban Design Research Institute (UDRI) acts as a think tank and advocacy
group.8 But given the city’s size, deep history, and architectural complexity, preservation of relatively new works is only
beginning
IN GOA, according to one source, current obstacles to preservation include rent control as a disincentive for upkeep,
the difficulty of dividing houses in inheritance resolutions, and increased land values motivating demolition.10 On
the other hand, as a major tourist spot and home to several UNESCO World Heritage sites, there’s evidence that
sensitivity to architectural heritage is becoming a factor in local development initiatives.
Preservation also figures into infrastructure planning, as seen in initiatives such as the Kerala Sustainable Urban
Development Project (KSUDP). The state, in the form of the Kerala Art and Heritage Commission, also has some
influence.13 As a result of these varied conditions, preservation and adaptive reuse in India are often the result of
enlightened self-interest as much as organized planning. And that’s where the art community comes in. Several
examples encountered during 2015 and 2016 C-MAP visits are discussed here.
Regarding local interest in their preservation, it seems that in Mumbai, as in many cities, public initiatives and
private developments form a patchy safety net. At the international level, the district was proposed for
UNESCO World Heritage site status in 2013 (Delhi’s Old City was chosen instead),15 while on the local level,
groups such as the Oval-Cooperage Residents Association (OCRA) are starting to incorporate Deco
preservation into their missions.16 Meanwhile, sites such as the Liberty Cinema demonstrate how art-world
adaptive reuse helps to fill a gap. The cinema has been open continuously since 1947 and is lovingly cared for
by its owner (here’s a vintage brochure showing the interiors).17 Though high operating costs make
conventional programming difficult, film festivals and live performance rentals keep the doors open for
appreciative visitors.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
CONSIDERING CASE OF MUMBAI AS ADAPTIVE REUSE SITE FOR MAJOR ART DECO CITY
Before detailing the potential methods of adaptively using Mumbai’s art deco cinemas, it is important to
acknowledge that these ideas come from the author’s European and American studies and research. Cultural
heritage work, both in terms of law, general philosophy, and public opinion varies by region, country, and even
locality. Experts familiar with Indian and Mumbaikar cultural landscapes, practices, and philosophies of maintaining
history will no doubt alter and reconceive these ideas to suit the city’s needs. That said, it may be useful to see how
other regions have approached adaptive use, and consider whether elements of those projects may address present
needs in Mumbai.
Adaptive use conducted in accordance with local or national preservation or conservation guidelines is held to a
clearly defined standard. India, like the United States, has both federal and state laws protecting cultural heritage.
Both countries have laws governing antiquities, the environment, and built resources. However, India’s focus on
cultural conservation seems to have less focus on architecture specifically.
This is evidenced by the fact that not all states have protections for the non-monument portion of the built
environment. Governmental incentive or not, Mumbai’s movie theaters have significant adaptive use potential. An
important consideration when adaptively using a structure is how compatible the new use is with historic function.
For example, a building that previously served as an industrial site is not optimal for use as a concert hall. This is
because of the vast differences in how people interact with an industrial building versus concert hall. More people
will come in and out of the concert hall. They will all tread similar paths through the building. This results in wear
and tear on doors, difficulty entering and exiting in large groups, and likely totally reconfiguring the building’s
interior. Governmental incentive or not, Mumbai’s movie theaters have significant adaptive use potential. An
important consideration when adaptively using a structure is how compatible the new use is with historic function.
For example, a building that previously served as an industrial site is not optimal for use as a concert hall. This is
because of the vast differences in how people interact with an industrial building versus concert hall. More people
will come in and out of the concert hall. They will all tread similar paths through the building. This results in wear
and tear on doors, difficulty entering and exiting in large groups, and likely totally reconfiguring the building’s
interior.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
A PROGRAM TO BE PROPOSED IN DELHI
Delhi has its own architectural identity, and adaptive reuse patterns reflect it. As the nation’s capital, with its sweeping urban
plan, embassy district, and post-Independence state modernism, the city’s sensibility tends toward the monumental.
Economic growth and a swelling urban population are driving much demolition and rebuilding, often destroying
significant modern architecture in the process. Recent efforts to save these endangered icons of Indian modernism
demonstrate complex social and legal forces at work.18 As a representative from INTACH put it: “More than the fact
that there is difficulty in wrapping one’s head around the idea of modern architectural heritage, it is the bureaucratic
apathy that is causing trouble.”19 In that context, it was refreshing to encounter several art-driven preservation
efforts in Delhi.
They are an alternative to established art institutions because there is a disconnect between what is being taught
and practiced.” A window to show contemporary art in this historical setting. house incorporates historical elements,
such as the entry vestibule and exposed roof beams, into spacious contemporary gallery and office areas that flow
into a gently landscaped courtyard.
retrieve memories of this past, and its present, in the current global context to posit alternatives to political and
cultural discourses emanating from the specific histories of Europe and America. A dialogue for a new aesthetics and
politics rooted in the Indian experience, but receptive to the winds blowing in from other worlds, is possible. In these
spaces one senses their former functions through building orientation, layout, and general style, but also through
tile-lined counters, wall wear, old wiring, and utilitarian shelving. Even temperature, light conditions, ambient sound,
and smell become part of the experience.
The pair collected and installed more than one hundred wet-grinding stones in a central, symmetrical room that
opens onto a small pier. Such stones were once used domestically to grind spices and other ingredients for cooking.
Usually embedded in the floor, they were a standard fixture in Indian homes built well into the early twentieth
century. Bringing new life to historic but marginalized structures in Indian cities.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
As an alternative to our ever-increasing “throw-away society”, adaptive reuse offers an approach for a sustainable
building site. Every aspect of this research project aims to raise awareness and actively portray the potential of
sustainable practice in adaptive reuse as a viable and socially responsible alternative to demolition and replacement.
Reused instead can provides value to the urban fabric and communities around them. The opportunity to reuse
obsolete facilities in the urban core supports sustainability and smart growth initiatives designed to focus
redevelopment in inner cities in an effort to decrease urban sprawl.
Permanent Parasites: The Parasite as a Permanent Installation in Adaptive Reuse
While installation design and parasitical architecture have the potential of feeding each other and to
attach themselves to a larger picture of an existing structure, it is important on how, in the context of adaptive reuse,
the two can become one. Questions emerge regarding the mobile aspects of parasitical design and the temporary
nature of an installation within a AR project. But can adaptive reuse design use principals from installation and
parasitical design and make it per not temporary or mobile.
Explorations of typologies within these three realms (installation, parasite, adaptive reuse) will be made in order to
find common ground and find a successful way to define installation architecture as a permanent parasitical element
in adaptive reuse. In addition, a discussion of the parasite in a biological sense is made to further understand the
relationships of parasites with their hosts, ultimately relating these to the architectural types of installation.
Adaptable Architecture for
Sustainable Development:
Modular Building Innovation
The relationship between
changes in human society and
designs of adaptable buildings
will be explored and conclusions
will reinforce the circumstance
that would promote adaptable
buildings to become more
widespread in the future.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
Deconstruction and Adaptive Reuse: DE-construct to RE-construct
The construction industry in this process generates huge amounts of waste (25—45% of the national waste stream.
EPA, 1998) and two, the materials that could have been reused or recycled for the new construction are lost. A way
to approach this issue could be in the form of a ideological technical and designed “deconstruction”. This paper will
try to clarify the real meaning of the word DE-construction, defines the meaning of deconstruction and how can it
be applied and creates a link with the RE-construction of Adaptive Reuse projects.
Adapting the Anchor: Reassigning the role of dead malls and vacant big box store
Whether it is the Town Square, Main Street, or City Center, every society in a built environment revolves around an
anchor. The anchor of a place provides common ground, public space and economic resources. However, due to
continuous suburban sprawl, the majority of Americans now live in a built environment without a traditional anchor;
they do have, however, the major definitive element of suburbia – the retail anchor.

Sprawl has left the suburban environment spotted with large,

vacant buildings often holding little architectural or historical
significance. These defunct structures still retain the value of
once, if only briefly, anchoring the suburban community
surrounding them and the question of their reuse is a common
undertaking of those in the design community. Is there a
correct typology for using the existing infrastructure and
central location of vacant malls and big box stores to provide a
new anchor for suburban communities? By understanding
several attempts at both “de-malling” and “re-malling” these
structures, a set of criteria may be reached for adapting this
form of anchor.
ADAPTIVE REUSE (TYPES)
The Sustainable Divide: A Conflict of Preservation and Adaptive Green Design

the ongoing struggle between preservation and adaptive reuse in the modern design field today, From investigating
the precedent research, a proposal could be made on how to collaborate the differing theories to keep the
integrity of historic buildings in the future, yet also allow for future adaptability to the building and increase
the longevity of building life.

Unusually Usual?: Adaptive Reuse & Living Spaces Design

Spaces that have a distinctive design and function also have a distinctive memory. They embrace past associations,
memories, function and environments which give them a strong sense of meaning.These memories play a very
important role in associating the space with the people. These memories could be evaluated as negative or positive
in nature depending on the course of events the space lives through, but none the less they establish a connection
both physical and emotional. It is interesting to evaluate and explore this meaning and association with the space
and further relate it to adaptive reuse. Adaptive reuse aims at the re-establishment of old spaces into new zones of
active use. It essentially focuses on giving new meaning to old stories by preserving them and giving them new life
today. cross link with the hospitality industry and living spaces with further help highlight the bridge between the
unusually usual.

Industrial heritage, urban fabric, cultural space, landmark, canvas, textile mills, Bombay, revitalization, paradigm
shift, adaptable design, preservation, brownfield redevelopment
ADAPTIVE REUSE (TYPES)
Saving Face: Façadism as an Adaptive Reuse strategy?
the present day, when the strain on infrastructure is apparent and resources are dwindling, the concept of reuse has
become quintessential. This is pertinent for land as a resource as well. With the world and its need of growing
manifold, the accommodation of new space has to be catered to. Empty plots of land in the urban fabric are
becoming difficult to find – either for financial reasons or for the sheer lack thereof. It is therefore important to
reuse and recycle existing vacant buildings. Many often these buildings are historic in nature. The grand scale of
these historic structures within an urban setting allow for interventions and adaptations of the spaces.

Globalization has made the quest for identity, a growing topic in the architectural profession. Today, cities from all
around the globe are perceived to be more and more uniform, where in fact each city has its own spirit that has
been and is still being shaped through time. Factors that contribute to shaping this specific character may vary from
one city to another, but the evolutionn is inevitable.
How architecture can make the change of these buildings an informed one; a change that preserves yet enhances
and strengthens the evolving identity of a city. It introduces adaptive reuse as a third alternative approach to pure
preservation.
The paper stresses on the necessity of applying adaptive reuse for a healthier transition in time
ADAPTIVE REUSE (TYPES)
AIMS AND OBJECT OF RESEARCH
• To encourage students to think deeply, critically about relationships of design, sustainability, management and
economy within adaptive reuse.

• analyzise rational for the intervention on existing structures, Understand cultural-, technical, economical- and
sustainability issues related to building adaptation.
• Increasingly steep competition for limited public space endangers the city’s economic health, as well as the
connectivity of the city’s diverse social and cultural components. Often, land uses under the elevated are an
afterthought when a decision is made to construct an elevated highway. Without a thoughtful and concerted
effort toward design and use, these segments of developable land lose their potential to be productive public
spaces, especially in new york city’s undervalued neighbourhoods.
• Creating catalytic solutions to multifaceted planning, policy, and development challenges requires the ability to
engage diverse stakeholders, and tap into multidisciplinary expertise.
• The potential impact of making millions of square feet throughout the five boroughs available for a variety of
public uses is unparalleled.To capture the experiential knowledge of residents who use these spaces on a daily
basis, and hear their suggestions for improvements needed.
ADAPTIVE REUSE (TYPES)
AIMS AND OBJECT OF RESEARCH
• To encourage students to think deeply, critically about relationships of design, sustainability, management and
economy within adaptive reuse.

• analyzise rational for the intervention on existing structures, Understand cultural-, technical, economical- and
sustainability issues related to building adaptation.
• Increasingly steep competition for limited public space endangers the city’s economic health, as well as the
connectivity of the city’s diverse social and cultural components. Often, land uses under the elevated are an
afterthought when a decision is made to construct an elevated highway. Without a thoughtful and concerted
effort toward design and use, these segments of developable land lose their potential to be productive public
spaces, especially in new york city’s undervalued neighbourhoods.
• Creating catalytic solutions to multifaceted planning, policy, and development challenges requires the ability to
engage diverse stakeholders, and tap into multidisciplinary expertise.
• The potential impact of making millions of square feet throughout the five boroughs available for a variety of
public uses is unparalleled.To capture the experiential knowledge of residents who use these spaces on a daily
basis, and hear their suggestions for improvements needed.
ADAPTIVE REUSE (DEGREES OF INTERVENTION)
AIMS AND OBJECT OF RESEARCH
• Consider on what basis you would balance the factors involved and how you would decide between these
options.
• Identify some materials and methods in common use that would be wholly inappropriate for use in an historic
context, How might the above results be incorrect when dealing with Modern Movement structures.
• There is also the need to respect all periods of development, identifying each period of intervention and
granting it true place and worth within the palimpsest of the asset’s development over time.
• The choice of method, manner and materials used in any intervention project places a responsibility upon you
to ensure that whatever you decide upon has been thoroughly researched and assessed as appropriate,
creating least damage not only to the fabric of the asset but also to its aesthetic and historic value.
• New materials, their use and technology are constantly being advanced. Some new materials or processes may
well be appropriate for use on or within the historic environment: Some may be positively damaging to it. You
must be aware of these hazards when specifying materials, processes or methods. A full evaluation must
precede any introduction of new materials or processes.
• ISSUES - Some of the issues to be considered were: failure of balcony windows in the residential blocks
(Orchard Court) which were of flush design with no weathering. Choices would have to be made
between replicating the original flush design of the windows, re-creating the same failure potential but
retaining the original appearance, or replacement with different material (such as aluminium or PVCu),
or, alternatively, adopting timber windows with weathering detailing with a concomitant risk of
appearance change detracting from the original design.
ADAPTIVE REUSE (DEGREES OF INTERVENTION)
AIMS AND OBJECT OF RESEARCH
• The strategy provided for a shared framework of understanding, agreed assessment of significance and
vulnerability, management policies and a basis for assessing individual challenges.
SOME OF THE MAJOR WORKS INVOLVED:
• Major repairs to the dome over the Dining Hall
• New external servery
• Replacement of all windows.
• Covering of original ferro cement petals of the roof with insulation (both externally and internally)
• New services in relation to mass concrete floors
• New services and fire precautions provided as part of an integrated, surface mounted design
• Failure of pre-stressed beams along the length of the library and carrying its roof
• Failure of concealed rainwater system and the concomitant challenge of designing a sympathetic external
system
• All these challenges to the principles of conservation philosophy of minimum intervention, minimum
loss of original fabric, minimum loss of authenticity and reversibility of intervention, provided the design
team with massive dilemmas that were overcome by thorough analysis of the building its problems,
aesthetic value and cultural significance and formulating an agreed strategy that permitted the building
to be repaired with only the minimal impact that its problems permitted.
ADAPTIVE REUSE (DEGREES OF INTERVENTION)
• Such factors may be economic; loss of income during intervention works, insurance constraints following
damage to structures. These factors and more will influence the method and manner of intervention and you
must be aware of them and factor them into your intervention strategy.
• Also satisfy the cost, technical and functional constraints of the client, but have minimum impact upon the
historic environment. You must be able to argue the case for conservation, often against the requirements of
modern legislation, societal impositions and, sometimes, against the wishes of a recalcitrant client. This will be
the easier from a position of strength gained through knowledge and clarity of understanding of the historic
environment and its importance to society.

• DETERMINING APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF INTERVENTION

ADAPTIVE REUSE (DEGREES OF INTERVENTION)
• Such factors may be economic; loss of income during intervention works, insurance constraints following
damage to structures. These factors and more will influence the method and manner of intervention and you
must be aware of them and factor them into your intervention strategy.
• Also satisfy the cost, technical and functional constraints of the client, but have minimum impact upon the
historic environment. You must be able to argue the case for conservation, often against the requirements of
modern legislation, societal impositions and, sometimes, against the wishes of a recalcitrant client. This will be
the easier from a position of strength gained through knowledge and clarity of understanding of the historic
environment and its importance to society.

• DETERMINING APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF INTERVENTION

ADAPTIVE REUSE (DEGREES OF INTERVENTION)
• Such factors may be economic; loss of income during intervention works, insurance constraints following
damage to structures. These factors and more will influence the method and manner of intervention and you
must be aware of them and factor them into your intervention strategy.
• Also satisfy the cost, technical and functional constraints of the client, but have minimum impact upon the
historic environment. You must be able to argue the case for conservation, often against the requirements of
modern legislation, societal impositions and, sometimes, against the wishes of a recalcitrant client. This will be
the easier from a position of strength gained through knowledge and clarity of understanding of the historic
environment and its importance to society.

• DETERMINING APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF INTERVENTION

ADAPTIVE REUSE
• Social advantages adaptive reuse of industrial heritage buildings are revitalizing the building and its environment and
improving cultural values. In the neighbourhood, the buildings which are dated to older periods have the capability of
acting as a connection to the past and also capacity for creating the ‘sense ofplace’. So, improving and reusing of the
industrial buildings are more valuable than demolishing it and it helps the society to have the variety of building types of
different ages and cultures.
POINTS TO BE INCLUDED IN METHODOLOGY- The design process of such adaptive reused architecture is very different than
conventional design processes, and may require other or additional skills. structures must be studied carefully for their
physical and metaphysical qualities and designers must consider all aspects and decide on tactics and strategies for their
actions.The objective of this work is to propose a theoretical and practical background for a systematic process to support
adaptive reuse architecture precedent E-learning. For this purpose, several case with structural analysis process.
The work focuses on the formal knowledge, structural knowledge, materiality, strategies and tactics of adaptive
reuse architecture.

the analysis of form and structure of the existing building as fundamental to the intervention. The mass, the size,
the rhythm and the form of the existing building all provide opportunities for balance or counter points
Preservation/Conservation were used interchangeably to refer to the architectural school of thought that either
encouraged measures that would protect and maintain buildings in their current state, or would prevent further
damage and deterioration to them.
Restoration was the conservationist school of thought that believed historic buildings could be improved, and
sometimes even completed, using current day materials, design, and techniques.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
TERMS USED IN ADAPTIVE REUSE
Preservation, "places a high premium on the retention of all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance and
repair. It reflects a building's continuum over time, through successive occupancies, and the respectful changes and
alterations that are made."
Rehabilitation "emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but more latitude is provided for
replacement because it is assumed the property is more deteriorated prior to work. (Both Preservation and
Rehabilitation standards focus attention on the preservation of those materials, features, finishes, spaces, and
spatial relationships that, together, give a property its historic character.“
Restoration "focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history, while
permitting the removal of materials from other periods.“
Reconstruction, "establishes limited opportunities to re-create a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure,
or object in all new materials.
Documentation
Documentation is the basis for every study and analysis. Basic documentation in our study referred also to the urban
context so as to capture the project's urban role. Images of the original use (when available) and the current, new
use were used, as well as plans, section and details from both phases of the structure's life. In addition, all case
studies, virtual models were drawn.
ALSO , These are antiques, anchors from the past and yet as for now have been placed in interiors of modern
buildings as accents thus recovering elements from our forefathers for generations to come. This is one iteration of
what is today entitled Adaptive Reuse.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
FIRSTLY, FACTORS AFFECTING ADAPTIVE REUSE
• More and more companies and corporations disrupt by reusing; they retain, they avoid demolishing. Below are
some factors that influence this phenomenon:
• The community`s attention to the site’s social value.
• Identifying its potential use, the physical damage the site has suffered through recent changes balanced with the
potential of a future development. Studies carried out compare the character of the site and its intended new
use.
• Historical importance and terms of street scape. The same location can be adapted to the community way of
living was; a different behavior in the past may greatly influence the present. The community gives a high value
of understanding in preservation of our heritage.
• Topographical location, climate and acceptable conditions of the sites environment are also considered.
• Economic growth is one of the top listed concerns nowadays.this also link to modernisation and developmental
technology. Should be of everyone’s concern, especially our new generation seeking for fast-pace development.
• Historical Character played and still plays a big role due to its influences, the notable designs, previous
constructions methods and relatively different building materials are not overlooked.
• Sustainable development- the most responsive way of dealing between Historical preservation and
modernization
There are several forms of obstruction in the adaptation and reusing phenomenon:
• Historic sites that are being neglected by the government and make it out of existence due to material’s
decomposition.
• Instances in which the government policies are unsafe to the environment and historic places.
• New proposals are being projected for the site.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
There are economic considerations as corporations and companies find ways to sustainable approaches to elevate
the retail value of the site. There are also factors affecting the state of reusing old structures.
• Reuse of existing materials, its physical condition and decaying components. Physical condition of the site and
the structure itself. If there are parts affected by decay and destruction during the time of not using it. To check
what part of the building needs to modify to comply with the current and future building regulations of the
community.
• Resources and the need to produce all new materials – an example to this, is the current state of wooden
components. Older pieces of woods that were installed in olden times may be even stronger today than what is
today available on the market. This durability of wood as a material is highly volatile in time and its condition
greatly influences the possibility of reusing and adapting a building.
• Lessening the use of energy, labor force and machinery during construction.
• Lessening the garbage that can be brought by total demolition.
• Minimizing the funds required the company or the owner in establishing a new site.
• Every project has its economic costs. Some professionals will likely build a new building rather than to renovating
or adapting an old one as this may greatly increase costs yet according to one Canadian developer the
percentage of general savings is of 10 to 12% when we reuse an old building.
• There are some opinions that reused buildings cannot be as profitable as of the new developments.
• All of the issues stated above can be studied thoroughly to meet certain goal for an adaption of old sites.
Standard Criteria
1. Discouraging Faradisms – is referring to demolishing the back part of the building and only retains the façade.
2. Contemporary Designs versus Poor Imitation of Historical Designs – this refers to the new modern designs that
attempt to imitate the old rather than repairing the original design.
3. Consideration of new use as appropriate as of its original use.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
ADVANTAGES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
1. We can notice that historical sites are commonly situated at the center of the community. This opens up
extraordinary opportunities and naturally guarantees extraordinary already built infrastructure.
2. Historical sites are priceless in value. Hundreds of years of existence and remarkable designs that can
encourage tourism.
3. Each Era had its own method of construction and detailed designs in comparison with modern construction
developments, this cannot be reproduced today entirely.
Making people seeing it, identifying the new endeavor with and old building, identifying the memory of the place
with the current existent state of the site greatly underlines a feeling of appurtenance in the city itself. Making
people seeing it, identifying the new endeavour with and old building, identifying the memory of the place with the
current existent state of the site greatly underlines a feeling of appurtenance in the city itself.
• 40% annual energy and raw materials
• 25% wood harvest
• 16% water supplies
• 44% landfill
• 45% carbon dioxide production
• 50% of total greenhouse emissions from industrialized areas
• While reusing old buildings and the materials contained have a rough estimate of 95% savings for energy that
can be possibly wasted if we demolished those heritage.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
IN INDIAN CONTEXT
The Indian cities are going through difficult times, catering the burgeoning demands of society, economy and the
environment. India is experiencing an unprecedented construction boom
We won’t be left with enough land in our near future to cater the proliferating demand, thus forcing us to grow and
expand our cities beyond control into the agricultural and suburban fabric. These alarming statistics urges building
design professionals to produce more energy efficient buildings and renovate existing stock to meet the
sustainability criteria set by their respective authorities.
an alternative to our ever-increasing throw-away society, adaptive reuse offers a sustainable building site with
existing infrastructure and materials. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors and barriers that determines
the adaptive re-use potential of buildings in an Indian realm, focussing on developing this as a strategy to design and
build our future cities, which could be re-used and recycled as per the demands of the then society.
ARP MODEL -The internationally accepted Adaptive Re-use Potential (ARP) model is briefly explained along with the
newly introduced rating tool called the adaptSTAR Among them the key driver is rising energy costs, which increases
the cost of new construction (e.g. materials, transport, and resources), compelling the clients to re-use existing
building stock. The Adaptive Re-use Potential (ARP) model by Langston identifies and ranks adaptive re-use potential
in existing buildings. This model requires an estimate of the expected physical life of the building along with its
current age.
• The ARP model predicts effective life as a function of (discounted) physical life and obsolescence, and allows the
calculation of the adaptive reuse potential of a building’s life cycle so that the right timing for intervention can
be applied.
• The decay curve can be reset by strategic capital investment during a renewal process by the current owner, or a
future developer, at key intervals during a building’s life cycle. ARP scores in excess of 50% have high adaptive
reuse potential, scores between 20% and 50% have moderate potential, and scores below 20% have low value,
representing about one-third of the area under the decay curve in each case. Potential means that there is a
propensity for projects to realize economic, social and environmental benefits when adaptive reuse is
implemented.
ADAPTIVE REUSE
ARP MODEL - Where the current building age is close to and less than the useful life, the model identifies that
planning activities should commence .
• ARP is conceptualized as rising from zero to its maximum score at the point of its useful life, and then falling
back to zero as it approaches physical life.
HOW MODERN ASSESSMENT IS DONE IN PROCESSING OF ADAPTIVE REUSE AS PER INTERNATIONAL CRITERIA.
1. Modern measuring techniques, such as photogrammetry (the use of aerial photographs to make maps and
surveys) and stereo photogrammetry, are also used today to increase accuracy, with tape, level and rode.
2. Once the measurements are complete, there is an analysis of the structural stability of the building and its living
pattern of movement. No building is permanently still; soil and wind can affect building stability and need to be
documented.
3. Finally, the architect or surveyor tests the electrical connections, plumbing, and other utilities present in the
building (this is more for historic and re-purposed buildings). For both ancient and historic buildings, lightning
conductors and fire-fighting equipment are checked to make sure they can provide sufficient protection.
4. At the end of this assessment process, the conservator will analyzise all the collected data and decide on a
conservation plan based on available funding sources.

EXTRA- Forms/levels of conservation

• Culture, History, Identity ,Resource (Cultural, Natural, Objects, artifacts, paintings)
– Building Area/ Human settlements Water bodies, Forests Villages and Towns
– Through Tradition
• Oral Traditions• Practicing Traditions• Traditional Texts and Literature Through Archaeology and
Cultural History Including Architectural, Technology, Science History
ADAPTIVE REUSE
1. the condition of the building must be fully recorded before any intervention is begun .
2. the materials and methods used during treatment must be documented.
3. historic evidence must not be destroyed, falsified or removed.
4. any intervention must be the minimum necessary. It should be reversible—or at least repeatable and not
prejudice possible future interventions;
5. any intervention must be governed by unswerving ,respect for the aesthetic, historical and physical integrity of
cultural property.
POINTS TO REMEMBER -Interventions must not hinder later access to all the evidence incorporated in the building,
and allow the maximum amount of existing material to be retained.
They must also be harmonious in colour, tone and texture, and if additions are needed, they should relate in form
and scale, and also be less noticeable than the original material; but, at the same time, being identifiable by a skilled
observer.
Use value Functional Economic (including tourism),Social (also including identity, continuity), Educational, Political
Emotional values Wonder Identity Continuity Respect and veneration Symbolic and spiritual
Cultural value Documentary Historic ,Archaeological and age ,Aesthetic and architectural values Townscape
Landscape and eco logical Technological and scientific value
ADAPTIVE REUSE
Conservation- Conservation includes preservation, protection, maintenance, restoration and adaptation
Adaptation or adaptive reuse- The modification of a heritage place to a new use that conserves its heritage values.
Adaptation may involve the introduction of new services, or a new use, or changes to safeguard a heritage item. A
good adaptation is one that is sympathetic to the existing building and its historic context, and inserts new work, or
makes changes that enhance and complement the heritage values of the heritage item.
Curtilage-The area of land surrounding an item, area or P-lace of heritage significance that is essential for retaining
and interpreting its heritage significance.
Direct value or capital value- The value added to a place as a result of the adaptive reuse project.
Alterations and additions-Physical changes to the fabric, setting or layout of a heritage item.
Bulk -The combined effect of the arrangement , volume, size and shape of a building or group of buildings.
Context-The specific character; quality; physical, historical and social characteristics of a building’s setting
Interpretation-Interpretation explains the heritage significance of a place to the users and the community.
Reversibility-The ability of an adaptation to be removed in the future without damage to heritage significance; in
particular, without damage to significant fabric
Infill development - A new building in an established and valued historic context, which is adjacent to a heritage
item, within a conservation area, or within heritage site or precinct.

Adaptation also provides indirect value which is the transfer of value of the project to adjacent properties, provides
indirect value which is the transfer of value of the project to adjacent properties.The potential to conserve, provide
long-term sustainable uses, and interpret the heritage values of the place can be integrated into the project, thereby
increasing the potential for long-term benefit
ADAPTIVE REUSE
CASE STUDIES POINT
Find a use which is appropriate to the heritIage significance of the place, Retain the existing use when it is integral to
the heritage significance, A new use should be compatible with heritage significance and involve minimal changes to
significant fabric, layout and setting:
Minimise impact on significant interiors, interior planning (circulation patterns and use of rooms) and decorative
schemes and finishes.
Provide for the change to be reversed and for the place’s future conservation.
Conserve the relationship between the setting and preserve significant views to and from the heritage place.
Provide for the long-term management and viability of the heritage place
Reveal and interpret the heritage significance other place as an integral and meaningful part of the adaptation
project Interpretation communicates the history and previous uses of a building to its occupants and visitors and
helps to explain how and why the adaptive reuse changes have been made.