LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER 4
OBJECTIVES:
 Define leadership;
 Explain the principles of leadership;

 Enumerate and discuss the quality of a good

leader;
 Discuss virtues as foundation of leadership; and

 Enumerate and discuss the types of leadership.

LEADERSHIP
 Leadership is one of the highly regarded qualities
of an individual to be successful in life. Leading
life positively in all aspects and influence others
to follow his good deeds and examples.
 Managers or leaders must exercise all the
functions of their role in order to combine
material and human resources to achieve
objectives. The key in doing this is the existence
of a clear role and a degree of discretion or
authority to support managers’ action (Koontz
and Weinrich 1990).
DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP
 Bass (1981) defined leadership as “influence’,
that is the art of influencing people so that they
will strive willingly and enthusiastically toward
the achievement of group goals.
 J. Oswald Sanders said it first: “The true
measure of leadership is influence —Nothing
more, nothing less”. It is about influencing in a
worthwhile cause. It is not dependent on
positions or titles, but on someone catching a
vision and mobilizing others to join him in its
fulfilment.
SOME PRINCIPLES IN LEADERSHIP
1.Take responsibility for your actions. A
leader must take responsibility for both his
actions and those of his subordinates.
REMEMBER:
 It is better to accept the blame rather than
“pass the back”
 Understand just where your responsibility
begins and where it ends.
 Look for opportunities to help you do your job.
2. Know yourself and seek self-improvement.
Apply your knowledge of human behaviour in
an honest self-analysis to improve your attitude
and enhance you understanding of others.
3. Set the example. Be a model and exemplary
leader. Men learn most effectively from what
they see in their leader.
4. Seek responsibility and develop a sense of
responsibility among your subordinates. A
true leader does not shirk responsibility; rather,
he seeks it.
5. Insure that the job is understood,
supervised and accomplished. Proper
understanding and supervision of a task help
insure the accomplishment of anything desired.
6. Know your men and look for their welfare.
A leader’s understanding and knowing his men
has some advantages. He can readily predict
and control his men’s behaviour . Thus, a leader
can feel the needs and desires for his men.
7. Keep your men informed. The Filipino
soldier will work harder and cooperate more
effectively if he understands why.
8. Employ your command in accordance with
its capabilities. Assign objectives that are
possible of attainment.
9. Train your men as a team. A team fails or
succeeds only if every member does his share in
the job.
10. Make a sound and timely decision. The
ability to make a rapid estimate of the situation
and arrive at a sound and timely decision is
necessary in order to take advantage of
opportunities as they occur.
11. Know your job. Knowledge of your job helps
you to make sure of yourself, and commands
the respect of your men.
VIRTUES AS FOUNDATION OF LEADERSHIP
1. Prudence – the habit which enables man to direct
his actions to human life’s goal of knowing the right
thing to do and applying it.
2. Justice –the habit of giving each one his/her due
with constant and personal will; gives stability
which man/woman needs to work without fear or
anxiety in the search of happiness.
3. Fortitude –the habit of overcoming the difficulties
and pressures of life in the pursuit of good.
4. Temperance –the habit of bringing the desires and
natural inclinations of man under the control of
right reason.
5. Industry –the habit of working hard and working
perseveringly under pressure.
6. Loyalty –the habit of remaining true to your
friends and to your principles in spite of difficulty.
7. Responsibility –the habit of being accountable for
one’s action, duties and obligations; readiness to
answer to the consequences of our actions.
8. Cheerfulness –the habit of being optimistic,
positive, always seeing the bright side of things.
9. Generosity –the habit of sharing the good that one
has with other people; thinking first of the people
around him and looking for ways he can help and
serve them.
10. Magnanimity –the habit of nurturing noble ideals
and ambitions of doing good; being concerned with
doing great deeds of service to others devoting his
life to serve his country or help people.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LEADER
1. Integrity of character. The word is
synonymous to honor. It is a fine sense of ethics,
justice, and righteousness with a readiness to
apply it to one’s own conduct. It is the
determination to meet any obligation, however
distasteful.
2. Willingness to accept responsibilities.
Acceptance of responsibility signifies a desire to
lead and this desire is strengthened by
increasing interest
THREE OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD LEADER (SAN JUAN, 1991)

 Competence to employ superiority over an enemy

at all times.
 Making the best use of resources requires the
highest type of managerial and organization
skills.
 The ability to inspire subordinates will enable
the leader to spur his men to strive the highest
peak of performance.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD LEADER (JOSEPH P.
LEVERIZA AND ZULUETA ET AL)
1. Knowledge –refers to the acquired knowledge of
the profession not only on the job, but also through
knowledge on the capabilities and limitations of the
subordinates.
2. Bearing –this is dignity in appearance and
behavior to earn respect.
3. Courage –the ability to accept or meet challenges
with calmness and fearlessness.
4. Endurance –mental and physical stamina to
withstand pain and hardships and continue
rigorously in pursuing the goals and objectives of the
organization.
5. Enthusiasm –this is the higher degree of interest
and sensitivity in responding to the needs of the
organizations.
6. Integrity –is good moral character and
impeccable integrity.
7. Decisiveness –the ability to decide promptly
and correctly at the proper time and express
them clearly.
8. Dependability –the ability to demonstrate a
higher degree of initiative in the performance of
his duty even with or without supervision.
9. Initiative –the ability to start or originate an
idea, suggestion, proposal or concept leading to
the action when others are absent or passive.
10. Judgment –the power of the mind to weigh
various factors and arrive at a sound decision.
11. Justice –the ability to render judgment to
conform to the principles of reason, to stated
laws, policies and rules and to generally
accepted standards of right and wrong;
impartially in rendering punishment and giving
credit where credit is due.
12. Loyalty –the sincerity and faithfulness to the
ideals of the organization where he belongs.
13. Tact –the ability to deal with others without
giving offense.
14. Unselfishness –the avoidance of providing for
one’s own comfort or advantage at the expense
of others.
15. Force –the ability to demonstrate efficacious
power within the bounds of law to compel
obedience among his subordinates.
16. Humility –the state of being reasonably modest
and not proud, assuming, arrogant nor boastful.
17. Humor –the mental disposition to appreciate
amusing incidents of everyday life in a comical
way.
18. Sympathy –refers to the ability to understand
and share the feelings of another, especially in
time of sorrow or adversity.
19. Empathy –the ability to wear someone else’s
shoes; intellectual and emotional identification
of feelings, thought and attitudes with
subordinates affected by pain or misfortune.
20. Wit –refers to keen perception and appropriate
expression of amusing words and ideas which
awaken amusement and pleasure.