What is TPACK

Framework?
PREPARED BY:
ROSALYN M.QUITUA
TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content
Knowledge)
It is a theory that was developed to explain the set of knowledge that
teachers need to teach their students..
 A subject….
 Teach effectively
 Use of technology
How the Concept Came
About….
 in 2006 Punja Mishra and Matthew J. Koehler wrote the seminal piece on TPACK model
entitled “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge”. A Framework for Teacher
Knowledge”.

 Their theory comes after 5 years of studying teachers at all different levels with design
experiments to see how their classroom operated.

 They based their initial idea on Lee S. Shulman’s 1986 work. “Those Who Understand
Knowledge Growth in Teaching”.
Two Knowledge Sets According to
Shulman
According to Shulman effective teachers overlap these two knowledge sets
which he calls “Pedagogical Content Knowledge”.

 A set of content knowledge-specific knowledge about the subject they are

teaching.
 A set of pedagogical-knowledge about how to teach including specific
teaching methods.
Evolution of the TPACK model
3 Knowledge Areas of TPACK

 Technology
 Pedagogical
 Content knowledge
 Shulman’s Overlap(PCK)
This lesson reminds us that,as a teacher,we design lessons based on how students can best learn our
specific course materials..
 Rich Mark’s(1990)
“represents a class of knowledge that is central to teachers work and that would not typically be held
by non-teaching subject matter experts or by teachers who know little of that subject. As teachers we
know that PCK is required to simplify a subject and teach it effectively.
 2nd Overlap(TCK)
How the technology influences the content
For example: Teachers used to teach penmanship and cursive to their students but many school
districts have eliminated cursive handwriting from school curriculum without entering into the debate
on the merits of cursive.it is clear that technology impacted the content knowledge that we teach
students.
 3rd Overlap(TPK) –highlights the area:
->where technology and pedagogy influence each other.
->incorporating technology into the classroom often causes a change in how
the material is taught.

 TCPK
This area acknowledges that all three of these sets of knowledge are
influencing each other ,that each is important, and that we have an effective
learning environment, we need to consider all three.
 Mishra and Koehler paraphrase Mark’s comment about PCK to
apply the idea to TPACK.

“TPACK represents a class of knowledge that is control to teachers work with

technology. This knowledge would not typically beheld by technologically
proficient subject matter experts, or by technologist who know little of the subject,
or of pedagogy or by teacher’s who know little of the subject or about
technology”.
How does It Impact Teaching and Learning
with Technology.
Mishra and Koehler claim that the lack of awareness of TPACK keeps
technology separated and leads to 4 problems with using technology in
the classroom.
 First,there are such rapid changes in technology that is extremely difficult to
keep up with all the latest advancements and apps.
 2nd,software is design for business, not for education.This often means that
students are learning how to use the program and not learning the content
of the class.
 3rd problem with keeping technology separate is the situational nature of the
classroom.
Ex. A teacher can adjust a lesson to make sure it meets the needs of specific
group of students, but the industrial cannot. It’s the same video everytime it is
played.
Mishra and Koehler say that keeping technology separate,places an emphasis
on “what” not “how”.

Ex.The teacher’s perspective about the lesson becomes “what technology are
we going to use today? What does it say? What skill does it require? Instead of
How can I teach my student?
How can TPACK be used in the
Classroom?
 Understanding the framework of TPACK we can integrate technology into
the content and pedagogy of our classroom. The integration helps our
students learn more effectively.

 Judith Harris and Mark J. Hofer wrote an article “Grounded, Technology

Integration: Instructional Planning Using Curriculum-Based Activity Types
Taxonomies”.This article explains how TPACK should change the way we
plan our daily lessons. They describe a planning process where we first
choose the learning outcomes that we will be working on that day or during
the class session.The learning outcome are thee content.
 The 2nd step they propose is choosing an activity
type.The activity type is the pedagogy or how are the
students going to learn the content.

 Finally we can choose technologies that will support

the activity type and aide the student in learning.
 Importance of TPACK

 Allow us to create and develop the overlapping knowledge to

make the best learning environment for our students.
 To be a great teacher we have to combine our knowledge of the
subject with our knowledge of how to teach. With the increasing
knowledge of technology, with our content and pedagogy to
create an effective learning environment.