INTERNATIONALISATION OF

R & D, QUALITY
STANDARDS
 Providing new opportunities for business to
draw on local strength and specialisation on
global scale.
 Provide benefits similar to other forms of trade.
 International research concerned with business
strategy and capacity to address changing
business objectives.
TRENDS IN GLOBALISATION OF R&D :WHY DO
BUSINESSES LOCATE R&D ELSE WHERE ?

 R&D IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF BUSINESS

STRATEGY.
The planning and execution of this R&D
reflects and derives from considerations of
company’s business strategy.

Companies locate regions that offer potential

for controlled marketable growth.
• THE CONSEQUENCES OF OPEN INNOVATION

Models are shifting away from supply side

models towards more demand-driven
approaches that combines “R” with “D” and
focus on speed reducing complexity.

Practices reflects the need and possibility to

establish connection with partners, customers
etc……
• ACCESS TO HUMAN CAPITAL

Leadership in a knowledge economy depends

entirely on the quality of human talent that is
available and the ways and areas in which these
talented people choose to work.

 LOCALISED KNOWLEDGE AND ACCESS TO

MARKETS

Products demanding the integration of knowledge

from many disciplines.
 A more market oriented approach to R&D
drives the R&D community to work more
closely with customers in the
development of product or services.

 COST REDUCTION

Globalisation is mainly about reducing costs,

other factors are more significant than local
wages in determining the cost.
Location of certain types of R&D work in
countries which have lower wages.
 • REGULATION AND PUBLIC ATTITUDE
Influence the internationalisation of R&D,which will
tends to become stronger when path ways to market
are smooth and when there is a clear perception by
the consumer.

 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE PROTECTION

AND MOVEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

The effectiveness of IPR regimes to serve the needs of

knowledge economies.
Important to balance the protection and free movement of
intellectual property.
ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS

 Firstly , economically-sound innovation,

competition, tax and regulatory policies
 secondly, availability of sufficient human talent
and peoples attitute towards the value of
science and entrepreneurship.
 Thirdly ,community ability to gain full benefit
from its science base and provide advanced
relevant life long learning.
• Fourthly ,with the growth of market competition
,progress will occur within public private
partnership.

 Fifthly ,governments deliver regulatory policies on

human and environmental protection.
 Sixthly ,potential benefits of open innovation are
reduced by restrictions that constrains the
formation of partnership.
 Finally, reflects on sustainable competitive
advantage.
QUALITY STANDARDS

 Successful organisation seek for customer

satisfaction .They focus customer and supply
defect free products backed by effective
delivery and after sale service.
 International quality standards are used by
organisations to identify areas to implement
changes in product process and
organisational culture to meet challenges.
Some of the tools:

 ISO 9001, ISO 9002 ISO 9003 : 1994

 ISO 9001 : 2000
 QS 9000
 HACCP
 SA 8000
 ISO 14001 : 1996
 ISO 17025
THANK YOU